PLATH DESIRE OF ACCEPTANCE HER FEELING IN DADDY (1965) AND TED HUGHES A PICTURE OF OTTO
(1998)
A Thesis
Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements to Obtain Undergraduate Degree in Faculty of Foreign Language and
Culture
MARLIANA AZIZAH F2A020031
ENGLISH LITERATURE PROGRAM FACULTY OF EDUCATIONAL SCIENCES AND
HUMANITIES
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SEMARANG 2023
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION A. Background of the Problem
Every human being must have desires. Whether it's the desire to have something or the desire to do something. And to achieve that desire, humans go through many things and also obstacles (lack). According to Freud, desire is a form of unconsciousness that humans have from birth(Manik, 2015). Likewise in literary works, writers usually use their works to convey their desires implicitly (Arjomandi & Lashkarian, 2014). Lacan said that the author is a subject full of shortcomings.(Manik, 2015). Therefore, they use their literary works by placing "markers" to show their desires. Signifiers are also a form of embodiment of the author in his work. This form of marker is usually related to other "signifiers". This language or signifier is used to analyze the author's desires in the study of Lacan's Psychoanalysis.
Poetry is one of the works that is often used by the author to implement his desires. Because the choice of words in poetry tends to be implied and not easy to interpret. Each poem has an implied meaning and markers for each of these implied sentences. To analyze the implied markers or symbols in a poem, this study uses Jacques Lacan's Psychoanalytic theory.The emergence of psychoanalysis was initiated by Freud with the concepts of id, ego and superego. A fundamental tenet of psychoanalysis is that human behavior is the result of a conflict between the forces of the unconscious instinct (id) and the controls and defenses faced by the superego or ego. Psychoanalysis continues to develop from Freud (1856-1939), Jung (1875-1961) to Lacan (1901-1981).
Lacan's psychoanalysis was chosen because Lacan is the most important and influential psychoanalyst since Freud Lacan's ideas have had a significant impact on contemporary academia, especially feminists, film theorists, and cultural critic(Wibowo & Sathotho, 2021).
The poem that will be analyzed in this study is Ted Hughes and Sylvia Plath poetry. They are a married couple. They divorced after 6 years of their marriage, then in 1963 Plath was found dead, suspected of committing suicide(Dabas, 2013). The poetry that will be analyzed in this research has nothing to do with the reason why Plath died. These two poems discuss the same object, Plath's father, Otto Emil Plath. The poem written by Sylvia Daddy tells about the figure of Otto in her life, then Hughes' poem A Picture of Otto is a reply poem or response to the poem written by Plath in 1962, while Hughes' poem was published in 1998. Poetry Plath was written before her suicide and a month after her divorce from Hughes. Daddy tells about Otto's life from Plath's point of view. Otto meninggal saat Plath berumur 8 tahun. Ia membuat puisi ini untuk mengungkapkan perasaannya terhadap ayahnya selama 8 tahun itu. Meanwhile, Hughes's poetry contains his response to Plath's poetry. According to Hughes, everything Plath wrote in her poetry was just a perception, not a truth that could be proven objectively. Hughes said this because it was known that Hughes often allied himself with Plath's father, Otto.
This makes the relationship between the two even more complicated, so an analysis was carried out using Lacan's Psychoanalysis theory to reveal the relationship between the two through this poem and Plath desire to convey her feeling about Otto.
B. Problem Statement
What form of desire does Plath want to convey?
What feelings of Plath are depicted in the poem?
What is the relationship between Hughes' poetry and Plath's poetry?
C. Research Purpose
To find the form of desire that Plat wants to realize To identify Plath's feelings depicted in the poem
To identify the relationship between Hughes' poetry and Plath's poetry D. Research Significance
The benefit of this research is to help readers to discover the author's desires implicit in the poetry and also dissect the relationship between the two poems and Lacan's psychoanalytic theory as the theory used in this research.
E. Research Scope
The scope of research in this paper is about how the relationship between psychoanalysis and Hughes and Plath's poetry is depicted through the choice of words in their poetry and the implied meaning in each word.
F. Underlying Theories
This research uses Psychoanalysis Theory by Jacques Lacan, Lacan's theory discusses 3 processes of a person's psychological development which will be used to analyze the contents of the two poems. The three steps are The Imaginary, The Symbolic, and The real. And in this study, “markers” are used to analyze the desires depicted.(Zahid, 2019)
G. Research Method
This research uses descriptive qualitative methods.The research data used in this study is the poem A Picture of Otto by Ted Hughes and Sylvia Plath's poem Daddy. There are two data resources used, which are primary and secondary data.The primary data in this study are phrases contained in the poetry. Secondary data are journals that are related to this poems used to strengthen the analysis.
H. Writing Organization
The structure of a research paper begins with an introduction that includes the background of the problem, problem statement, research purpose, significance of the study, research scope, underlying theory, research method, and paper structure. The introduction is followed by a literature review, which consists of his two parts: prior research and a theoretical overview. Next, there are research methods, which include types of research, data collection techniques, data analysis techniques, and data presentation techniques.
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW
A. Previous Studies
Previous studies are research that is used as a comparison with the research conducted. The first previous study was entitled Death As the
“Real”: a Psychoanalytic Reading of Matthew Arnold'S Youth and Calm by Wahyuadiputra(Wahyudiputra, 2021). The study is analysis a victorian era poetry entitled Youth and Calm, the poetry is about Arnold's view of youth is depicted by the paradox of a calmness. Arnold wants to convey that death is something that cannot be avoided, and in his poetry he includes a message to young people to prepare for death. But Arnold made it seem like it was just an ordinary poem about youth full of joy and fun. But actually he wanted to convey a message about death that we cannot avoid.
The comparison used is the similarity in the use of Lacan's psychoanalytic theory. With the theoretical equations used, comparisons can be made.This previous study discussed the dynamics of youth culture in the Victorian era which focused on the concept of youth and calm, but in this research he inserts the meaning of death into the meaning of his poetry as a symbol in his poetry. In this research, the author identifies the intrinsic elements of poetry to analyze the form of Death markers implemented in poetry. How is the relationship between the poem's theme of youth apparently having an implied meaning about Death in it? This is expressed in the analysis using analysis of
intrinsic elements such as figures of speech, imagery and the use of words chosen in the poem.
Compared with this study, this first previous study has similar data used and theory used. Namely the theory of Psychoanalysis from Jacques Lacan.
The themes chosen in the poems are also very different. The topic in this previous study is related to youth in the Victorian era. Meanwhile, the topic of the poetry taken in this study refers more to the poet's personal problems with his father. However, the problems dissected in this study are different, because this study focuses more on the desires of the poet as depicted in his poetry. Meanwhile, this previous study uses the real to dissect the implied meaning of poetry that the poet wants to convey.
The second research was entitled Two poets, the same desire: A Lacanian Reading of Jo hn Keats and Fereydoon Moshiri’s Poetry by Niloofar Arjomandi and Anita Lashkarian (Arjomandi & Lashkarian, 2014). This research uses two poems by different poets with romantic themes. The both poem in this study has the same problem, and the poets also have almost the same social status and psychological conditions. The issue discussed in both poems is the poet's desire for their mother. Their natural shortcomings are expressed in their poetry, with romantic themes they express their unexpressed desires in symbols marked with markers in their poetry. This study focuses on 2 stages of psychoanalysis, the imaginary and symbolic order. The author uses imaginary to describe a harmonious life with the mother. Meanwhile, the symbolic, on the other hand, is used to describe the social conditions of his life with his father. Both poets lost their mothers early
in their lives. So in this study it is illustrated that the two poets have a lack of desire for the existence of their mother.(Arjomandi & Lashkarian, 2014)
The similarities between the previous studies and this study are the data used. This thesis also uses two poems by different poets. The theory used is also the same, namely Lacan's Psychoanalysis. The issues discussed are almost the same, namely regarding the poet's desires as depicted in his literary works. What differentiates these two studies is that the two poems analyzed in this study do not have the same problems, but the two poems used have a connection between their contents. And also both poets have a relationship with each other.
B. Theoretical Review
Psychoanalysis is used to dissect the personality of the main character in lioterary works. The psychoanalytic theory used in this thesis belongs to Jacques Lacan. He is famous for his 3 stages of psychoanalysis, namely the real, the imaginary and the symbolic(Zahid, 2019). These three stages are usually used to dissect a literary work to analyze the problems taken.
The Real is the world before it is grasped by unknown languages and realms. A dark realm unknown to humans. This state is a type of state of nature (state of nature) described by Thomas Hobbes. Lacan describes it as a
``moment of fulfillment'' or ``wholeness, unity'' that disappears when we enter the realm of language (the symbolic order). But reality remains influential because it cannot be penetrated by fantasy or linguistic structures. The real thing happens in children from 0 to 6 months. Children are unable to distinguish themselves from their parents or environment and do not yet
know boundaries. Imaginations are characterized by a process called the
"mirror stage." This stage occurs between 6 and 18 months of age. According to Lacan, people are born prematurely, which means that they are not able to directly coordinate their body movements and organs until a certain age.
The mirror phase includes the dynamics of sexual desire caused by identification with the child's "ideal me" or "ideal self." This stage is the first introductory stage of the self as an ego before entering the realm of language.
Symbolic challenges are realities expressed through language. It is an impersonal framework that pervades society, and it is a stage in which everyone participates. This stage occurs in children from 18 months to her 4 years.
The symbolic order is the realm of accepted social meanings, logics, and differentiations within and through which the child begins to manifest desires and thus form a human subject(Budiman & Listyarini, 2018)
CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHOD A. Kind of Research
In this study, the researcher used qualitative methods to describe and interpret the poems. It is qualitative because it is the primary means by which the researcher collects and analyzes data. This method is used in this study because poetry can be described as abstract or concrete. To analyze it, you need to use the qualitative method of intensive reading of the poem(Simanjuntak et al., 2023)
.The theory used in this research is Psychoanalysis Lacan theory. The research data used in this study is the poem A Picture of Otto by Ted Hughes and Sylvia Plath's poem Daddy. The primary data in this study are stanza and line in the poem A Picture of Otto by Ted Hughes and Sylvia Plath's poem Daddy. Secondary data are journals that are related to this study and books used to strengthen the analysis.
B. Technique of Data Collection
Several phases were conducted during data collection, namely (1) reading the poetry carefully; (2) selecting data; (3) categorizing data; (4) analyzing data. In analyzing the data, the researcher conducted several stages, namely (1) interpreting each data; (2) analyzing the meaning relationship between the texts in the novel; (3) reading other meanings from the data narrative through deconstruction reading.
C. Technique of Data Analysis
Sentences and paragraphs will be used to discuss the analysis data that was gathered. The data is first classified according to the issues being examined, after which it is developed and classed using a related theory called liberal feminism.
D. Technique of Data Presentation
This study's descriptive qualitative methodologies were used to analyze the data, which will be described in words and sentences. The data to be analyzed is poetry, the data presentation technique used is by dissecting the poetry per stanza followed by the results of the analysis using Lacan's Psychoanalytic theory. Data will presented in Analysis chapter.
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