Volume 10 Number 2
W orld Institute for Engineering and Technology Education (WIETE)
World Transactions on
Engineering and Technology Education
Editor-m-Chief:
Zenon J. Pudlowski
World Institute for Engineering and Technology Education (W1ETEJ Melbourne, Australia
MELBOURNE 2012
World Transactions on Engineering and Technology Education
EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Prof. Zenon J. Pudlowski
MANAGER & ASSOCIATE EDITOR
Dr Dianne Q. Nguyen
ASSOCIATE EDITORS Dr Ian R. Dobson Ms Krystyna Wareing
ADVISORY BOARD MEMBERS Prof. Hosni I. Abu-Mulaweh Prof. Samuel C-C. Chang Prof. Colin U. Chisholm Prof. Ahmad Ibrahim Prof. Adinarayana Kalanidhi Prof. Efrossini C. Kalkani Prof. Krzysztof Kluszczyriski Prof. Romanas V. Krivickas Dr Wojciech Kuczborski Prof. George Metaxas Prof. Andrew Nafalski Prof. Alexey F. Nesterov Prof. Derek O. Northwood Prof. Âkos Rédey
Prof. Ian M. Robinson Prof. Koneru Satyanarayana Prof. David W.S. Tai Prof. Jacek Uziak Prof. Algirdas V. Valiulis Prof. Promod Vohra
World Institute for Engineering and Technology Education (WIETE) 34 Hampshire Road, Glen Waverley, Melbourne, VIC 3150, Australia Tel/Fax: +61 3 95618247, E-mail: [email protected] Internet: http://www.wiete.com.au
World Institute for Engineering and Technology Education (WIETE), Melbourne, Australia
University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland & University o f Ballarat, Ballarat, Australia
Independent Communications Consultant, Crawley, West Sussex, England, UK
Indiana University-Purdue University Fort Wayne, Fort Wayne, Indiana, USA National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, Scotland, UK Yorkville University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Commonwealth Science and Technology Academy for Research, Chennai, India National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania Private Consultant & WIETE, Perth, Australia
Technological Education Institute of Piraeus, Piraeus-Athens, Greece University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, Australia Russian Association of Engineering Universities, Moscow, Russia University of Windsor, Windsor, Canada
University of Pannonia, Veszprém, Hungary Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK
K L University, Vijayawada, Guntur District, Andhra Pradesh, India HungKuang University, Taichung, Taiwan
University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Vilnius, Lithuania
Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, USA
V o lu m e 10, N u m b e r 2, 2012
World Transactions on
Engineering and Technology Education
Editor-in-Chief Zenon J. Pudlowski
World Institute for Engineering and Technology Education (WIETE) Melbourne, Australia
Melbourne 2012
W orld T ransactions on E ngineering and T e c h n o lo g E :
ED IT O R -IN -C H IE F Prof. Zenon J. Pudlow ski
A SSO C IA T E ED IT O R S D r Ian R. D obson
D r D ianne Q. Nguyen (M anager) M s K rystyna W areing
A D V ISO R Y B O A R D M E M B ER S Prof. H osni I. A bu-M ulaw eh Prof. Sam uel C-C. Chang Prof. Colin U. Chisholm Prof. A hm ad Ibrahim Prof. A dinarayana K alanidhi Prof. E frossini C. K alkani Prof. K rzy szto f Kluszczyriski A/Prof. Slavko K ocijancic Prof. Rom anas V. K rivickas A/Prof. W ojciech K uczborski Prof. G eorge M etaxas Prof. A ndrew N afalski Prof. A lexey F. N esterov Prof. D erek O. N orthw ood P ro f A kos Redey Prof. Ian M. R obinson Prof. Kin W ai M ichael Siu Prof. D avid W .S. Tai Prof. Jacek U ziak Prof. A lgirdas V. V aliulis Prof. P rom od V ohra Prof. S law o m irW ia k
W o rld Institute for E ngineering and Technology E ducat :■ V* r : 34 H am pshire R oad, G len W averley, M elbourne. VIC 3 1 5C a Tel/Fax: +61 3 9 5 6 1 8247, E-m ail: z en o n .pudlow skiS w nete : : - m l
Internet: http://w w w .w iete.com .au
U niversity o f H elsinki, H elsinki, F inland and M onash University . M elbourne.
A ustralia
M onash U niversity & W IE T E , M elbourne, A ustralia
Independent C om m unications C onsultant, C raw ley, W est Sussex. England- L K
Indiana U niversity-P urdue U niversity Fort W ayne, F ort W ayne, Indiana, USA N ational Taiw an N orm al U niversity, T aipei, Taiw an
G lasgow C aledonian U niversity, G lasgow , Scotland, U K Y orkville U niversity, T oronto, O ntario, Canada
Commonwealth Science and Technology Academy for Research, Chennai, India N ational Technical U niversity o f A thens, A thens, G reece
Silesian U niversity o f T echnology, G liw ice, P oland U niversity o f L jubljana, L jubljana, Slovenia K aunas U niversity o f T echnology, K aunas, L ithuania E dith Cow an U niversity, M ount Law ley, Perth, A ustralia
T echnological E ducation Institute o f P iraeus, Piraeus-A thens, G reece U niversity o f South A ustralia, M aw son Lakes, A delaide, A ustralia R ussian A ssociation o f E ngineering U niversities, M oscow , R ussia U niversity o f W indsor, W indsor, C anada
U niversity o f Pannonia, V eszprem , Hungary E dge Hill U niversity, O rm skirk, UK
H ong K ong Polytechnic U niversity, H ong K ong, PRC H ungK uang U niversity, T aichung, Taiw an
U niversity o f B otsw ana, G aborone, B otsw ana
V ilnius Gediminas T echnical U niversity, V ilnius, L ithuania N o rthern Illinois U niversity, D eK alb, U SA
Technical U niversity o f L odz, L odz, P oland
96
W orld T ransactions on E n gineering and T echnology Education
Z.J. Pudlow ski C-H. H uang J.A. Jay & K.B. M ika
M.F. Stew art & C.U. C hisholm
S. Ihsen, W. Schneider &
K. ScheibI
L. Fürst & V. M ahnic
J. N jock Libii & D.M . D rahozal
M -L.M . Hu & M -H . W u O.J. S ealetsa & R. M oalosi
J. Kasih & S. Susanto Index o f A uthors
Contents
E ditorial 98
Investigating engineering students’ m athem atical m odelling com petency 99 C ollaborative research w ith K-12 students on im pacts o f clim ate change on 105 ecosystem s in an environm ental engineering service-learning course
A ssessm ent o f the im pact o f em otional com petencies on academ ic 110 achievem ent w ithin engineering and other student cohorts
Interdisciplinary research collaborations and learning processes o f engineers 116 and social scientists during the developm ent o f a robot for seniors in Europe A cooperative developm ent system for an interactive introductory 122 program m ing course
T he influence o f the lengths o f turbine blades on the pow er produced by 128 m iniature w ind turbines that operate in non-uniform flow fields
T he effect o f concept m apping on students’ cognitive load 134 C ognitive and learning styles o f the Faculty o f Engineering and T echnology 138 students: U niversity o f B otsw ana
P redicting stu d e n ts’ final results through discrim inant analysis 144 148
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W orld T ransactions on E n gineering and Techn
Editorial
It IS w ith great pleasure and satisfaction th at we release the W orld T ransactions o n £ T echnology E ducation (W T E & T E ), Vol. 10, N o .2 , for global distribution. T his issue consists o f m - t r r s a ^ r 2c c developm ent articles com ing from authors based in eight countries w orldw ide: the U nited States o f a - T anVan (2) Botsw ana, Canada, G erm any, Indonesia, S cotland and Slovenia.
w rl-T F A We WCrC, g tl,e research lm Pact through the hig h er education p r o a ra ra r c a m i out by the M nnach i l U N E f C O Intcrnatl°n al C entre for E ngineering E ducation (UICEE«. « a s based at M onash U niversity M elbourne, A ustralia, until the C e n tre’s closure on 31 D ecem ber 2008 T he which w as m ostly supported by funds generated by the U IC E E staff, helped several candidates fin a n c a lh and through the academ ic supervision o f th eir higher degree research p rojects, to carry out research and developm ent s a n i t i e s that led
k' . e o f i UI 'R Ur “ S §reeS andithrCe PHDS THe rea'ity WaS tHat f0Ur 0f the Pr°Jects ^e
closure o f the U ICEE, and two recent com pletions, one PhD and one M a ster’s degree eventuated in 2011 A nother° ,’1S p r,°gram m c Was that thC hlgher degree Pr°Jects also led to the publication o f m a n v peer refereed j al articles and conference papers, m ost o f w hich are accessible to the local and international com m unities o f engineering and technology educators.
W IC T E r t i a t ' u I e w P M That thC tW0 intecrnatlonal J ° urnaIs initiated by the U IC E E, and presently published by the TE, that the W orld T ransactions on E ngineering and T echnology E ducation (W T E & T E ) and the G lobal Journal L r r r 8 EduCatlon (G JE E >’ are Wel1 receiv ed ’ aPPreciated and supported by the international com m unity It is lna,nT T ! f , r° ■ CTeating .* forUm for in tem at'° n a l discussion on critical issues pertaining to u Crln u al' CJ n° C 1 C atlo n - In providing m em bers o f the global com m unity w ith this issue o f the W T E & T E we hope that readers will find the articles to be highly inform ative, useful and applicable in their own research developm ent and publication efforts. O n b e h a lf o f the W IE T E E ditorial team , and indeed m vself, I w ish to express oui sincere gratitude to the contributors to this issue for their keenness to m ake their achievem ents available to others.
Furtherm ore, it is m y pleasure to thank the referees for th eir excellent w ork in review ing the subm itted articles at short notice. Sincere thanks are also extended to D r D ianne Q. N guyen and D r Ian R. D obson for their im portant input into the preparation o f this issue for publication and distribution.
ou r
Z en o n J . P u d lo w sk i
World Transactions on Engineering and Technology Education Vol. 10, No. 2, 2012
©2012 WIETE
Predicting students’ final results through discriminant analysis
Julianti K asih | & Sani Susantoÿ Maranatha Christian University, Bandung, Indonesiaf Parahyangan Catholic University, Bandung, Indonesia}
ABSTRACT: As an academic advisor, a full-time lecturer has the duty to help students in setting up their study plan each semester so that they can perform with maximum efficiency. The aim of this research is to ascertain which subjects determine the students’ final passing results. An academic advisor is expected to be able to predict the students’
final passing results. In order to achieve this goal, discriminant analysis can be applied for this purpose. This particular analysis, based on students’ results obtained in several subjects was applied in this research, and is outlined and presented as an example in this article.
INTRODUCTION
One of the important aims of higher education in the Republic of Indonesia is to prepare the academic participants (students) to become society members with academic and/or professional abilities that enable them to apply-develop- enrich the knowledge foundation in science, technology and the arts (The Government Regulation on Higher Education, the Republic of Indonesia, Nr 60, Year 1999) [1], To achieve this objective, undergraduate students are assigned to several academic advisors (an informal translation for the Indonesian term Dosen Wali) throughout their years of higher education studies.
Academic advisors are lecturers or other faculty members and their main task is to foster students’ academic and non
academic activities. With regard to students’ academic activities, one of the duties of the academic advisor is to help students in setting up their study plans for each semester. Setting up a study plan includes providing guidance for students regarding how many subjects, and which subjects, to undertake. Through this advice, students are expected to obtain the best results at the end of their undergraduate study. The passing results in the Indonesian education system are classified into three grades: Extraordinary (Cum Laude), Very Satisfactory and Satisfactory.
This research aims to equip academic advisors with knowledge and tools required to provide guidance. As a case study, a certain research arena was chosen. For confidentiality reasons, the arena is called the Faculty of Information Technology, University X in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. The academic transcripts of some alumni serve as input data for a multivariate technique called discriminant analysis.
OVERVIEW OF BACKGROUND THEORY
Discriminant analysis is a multivariate statistical technique used in statistics. This technique classifies an object into one among several groups based on its attributes. Discriminant analysis has three main objectives. First, to identify the attributes that discriminate among the groups. The second objective is to use the identified variables to develop some functions, called the discriminant functions, for computing some new variables or indices that will parsimoniously represent the differences among the groups. The third objective is to use the computed scores to develop a rule to classify future observations into one of the several groups [2],
In this research:
• Objects are the undergraduate students being studied;
• Based on the passing results, there are three possible groups of students, as mentioned previously:
1 - Extraordinary (Cum Laude)', 2 - Very Satisfactory; and 3 - Satisfactory;
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