PREFIX USED ON HEADLINE OF JAKARTA POST NEWSPAPER
Hanifah, Edwar Kemal, Dian Noviani Syafar
Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris STKIP PGRI Sumatera Barat [email protected]
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini adalah tentang pengunaan prefiks yang di temukan di dalam headline news pada Koran berbahasa Inggris The Jakarta Post. Tujuan dari peneltian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tipe dan makna penggunaan prefiks yang terdapat di dalam headline news. Teori yang di gunakan oleh peneliti dalam penelitian ini adalah teori Katamba (1993) yang membagi tipe-tipe afixes yang di dalamnya terdapat pembagian tentang prefix. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Dalam mengumpulkan data, peneliti menggunakan metode simak dengan teknik Simak Bebas Libat Cakap (SBLC) dan dalam pengambilan data, peneliti menggunakan teknik dokumen analisis. Dalam menganalisis data, peneliti memakai metode padan dengan penggunan teknik padan note taking ceklis. Dalam melakukan peneitian ini peneliti terlebih dahulu mendapatkan koran edisi Agustus 2016. Peneliti lalu mengidentifikasi data menggunakan dokumen ceklis berdasarkan tipe dan makna dari prefiks. Hasil dari penelitian ini yang di temukan oleh peneliti menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 15 kata yang menggunakan prefiks re-, prefiks dis- sebanyak 9 kata, dan peneliti menemukan prefiks un- sebanyak 20 kata.
Kata Kunci: Prefiks, BeritaUtama, Jakarta Post
INTRODUCTION
In linguistics, morphology is the study of words, how they are formed, and their relationship to other words in the same languages.
Affixation is the process of adding an affix to a word. Jakarta Post is a national newspaper which is printed in the English languages, and published in daily editions.
Affixation consists of several kinds that usually it will be easy found out in the Jakarta Post newspaper by the readers. The analysis of the used prefix in The Jakarta Post newspaper is important aspects of the writing is adding a prefix, because sometimes the editor did not care about another stage, they just care about the duty. In this case
in writing process copy editor would check it again and do editing when some sentences did not correct, it would made the readers not understand. In publication, copy editor is extremely needed because they would deduct the mistakes. As a result, the study is interested to be analyzed because used affix such as prefix can helped the reader to understanding the purpose of the news in the Jakarta Post newspapers.
Morphology is the category system and rules that uses in the formation of words and interpretations of the words. In linguistics morphology refers to the mental system involve in word formation or to the branch of linguistic that deals with words, their internal structure, and how they were formed. According to Lieber (2009:14), morphology is the study of word formations, including the ways new words are coined in the languages of the world, and the way form of words are varying depending how they are uses in sentences. In addition, there are many linguists who explain about morphology. One of them, Booij (2005:4) states that
the sub discipline of linguistics that deals with such patterns is called morphology. Furthermore according to Plag (2003:13), gives opinion that the study of word formation can be defined as the study of the ways in which new complex words are built on the basis of other words or morphemes. According to him, there are three ways to create new words from the existing words: by affixation process, by non-affixation process, and compounding.
A morpheme is one of the components of word structure.
According to Katamba (1993:24), morpheme is the smallest difference in the shape of a word that correlates with the smallest difference in grammatical structure. Therefore a morpheme cannot be divided into a smaller unit. For example, morpheme
„pen‟ cannot be torn apart into p-e-n, because they do not have meaning when these are separated.
A morpheme can be divided into bound morphemes and free morphemes. Bound morphemes can only occur when they are attached to free morpheme. Common bound morpheme in English such as –ed
(past tense marker), -s (plural marker), -er, -pre and etc. Free morpheme is morpheme that can stand alone without being attached to other morpheme. Morphemes are the smallest linguistic unit which has a meaning or grammatical functions.
According to Aronoff et al (2001:232), morpheme is smallest meaningful component of a word.
Morphemes often define as the smallest linguistic pieces with grammatical function, this definition is not means to include all morphemes, but it is the usual one and a good starting point.
A morpheme may consist of a word, or a meaningful piece of a word, that cannot be divided into smaller meaningful parts. In addition, based on the distribution, Radford et al (2009:140) states that, morphemes are divided into two kinds, namely free morpheme and bound morpheme. Free morpheme is a morpheme that can stand on its own as a word or morpheme in the absence of another morphemes can appears in a narrative. While bound morphemes is a morpheme that can
not stand alone and requires another morpheme to be a meaningful words.
The sequence of words has the same formal functions and can not share again. According to Katamba (1993:41), types of morphemes were divided into roots, affixes, roots, stems, and bases, and the last is stem extenders.
Affixation is the process of deriving new words on the basis of the existing words by the help of affixes Plag (2003:107). An affix is a morpheme which only occurs when attached to some other morpheme or morphemes such as a root or stem or base. Based on Katamba (1993:44), states on his books there are three types of affixes. We will consider them in turn.
Prefix: A prefix is an affix combine a root or a stem or a base like re-, un-, and in-: re-make, un-kind, and in- decent.
Suffix: A suffix is an affix combine after a root or a stem or a base like – s, -ed, er-, and –ing such as mat-s, walk-ed, play-er, and jump-ing.
Infix: A infix is an affix inserted into the root itself, for example in Tagalog –um- in s-um-ulat „write‟.
According to Lieber (2009:85-88), affixes have several types, the following are the explanation that types of affixes, there are Infixes, Circumfixes, Interfixes, Simulfixes, and Transfixes in English from several reference:
Furthermore, according to Haspelmath et al (2010:20), argues that there are fourth most common types of affixes, they are Suffixes, Prefixes, Infix and Circumfix.
Based on Katamba (1993:47), states on his books with the title Morphology. Affixes can be devided into two major functional categories, there is derivational morphemes and inflectional morphemes. This reflects a recognition of two principal word buildings process: inflections and derivations. While all morphologist accepts this distinction in some forms, it is nevertheless one the most continuous issues in morphological theory. Inflectional and derivational morphemes from words in different ways. Derivational morphemes from new words either:
By changing the meaning of the base to which they are attached,
e.g. kind vs un-kind (both are verbs but with opposite meanings).
By changing the word-class that a base belongs to, e.g. the addition of –ly to the adjectives kind and simple produces the adverb kind- ly and simp-ly. As a rule, it is possible to derive an adverb by adding the suffix –ly to an adjectival base.
The language of news today is the product of centuries of linguistic evolutions. According to Crystal and Davy (1969:173), the papers themselves are well aware of what they are up to it does not have a
„natural‟ from of writings.
According to Busa (2014:33), reporters strive to use neutral languages to tell their stories. But, language is itself a social construct and cannot be neutral. The languages of the media especially newspapers reportage is peculiar in a number of ways. These in turn constitute the style of journalistic writing.
Furthermore, according to Randall (in Newspaper Journalism 2007:25), says that “A newspapers role is to find out fresh information on matters of public interest and to
relay it as quickly and as accurately as possible to readers in a honest and balance ways”.
Newspaper writing style usually has three levels: the first one is a headline and a sub-headlines, second is a leading phases, and the last one is an article contents. The headlines has the important function of grabbing the readers attention and giving them an ideas of the news storys content and tone.
According to Reah (2002:13), the headline is a unique type of text that has several functions usually at the top of a newspaper articles. The primary function of the headlines is to inform the readers of the main idea of the article. Furthermore, the function of headlining is very complex according to Crystal and Davy (1969:175) states headlines are a clear, brief and if possible captivating message, to encourage interest in the potential readers. As it was stated above, the language of headlines has its specific structures.
RESEARCH METHOD
In this research, the researcher uses basic qualitative
design. The reseracher collects the data through classifying the form of the function, and the meaning of the prefix /re-/, /dis-/, and /un-/ in the Headline news of the Jakarta Post newspapers. According to Moleong (2008:6), qualitative research is research that intends to understand the phenomenon of what is experienced by the subject of such behavior, perceptions, motivation, actions. The study that generates data descriptive had use form of written or oral words and behavior that could be observed. Qualitative research is characterizes as qualitative descriptive data collected in the form of words, images and not the numbers. Research would report containing data for member quotes and overview presentation of the reports. These data may be derived from the record of the interview, photos, videotapes, personal documents, notes or memos, and official documents.
According to Ary et al (2010:453), basic qualitative studies or a basic interpretative study understand a phenomenon, a process, or a particular point of view from the
perspective of those involved. As for the kind of this research is a descriptive which explains and observe of the languages examined, that describes the data about the process of the form of the functions, and the meanings of the prefix that conveyed in the Jakarta Post newspapers.
The opinion of both the expert above, through the qualitative research that used descriptive method the researcher can do this research result giving the utterances of the form of the function, and the meanings of the prefixes.
FINDING AND DISCUSSIONS In this chapter, the researcher presented the types of prefixes used in The Jakarta Post newspaper. The data took from headlines news in the Jakarta Post newspaper that published on August 1st – 6th 2016.
Then, the researcher identified the prefix. The aimed of this research was to analyze the types of prefix on headline news of The Jakarta Post newspapers. Based on the theories which were mentioned in the chapter II, there are some types of prefixes in
headline news, they are prefixes re-, dis-, and un-.
After collecting the prefixes, the researcher analyzed based on types of prefix. The researcher used Katamba (1993) theory. Based on the theories, the researcher found three types of prefix on headline news of The Jakarta Post newspaper. They are prefix re-, prefix dis-, and prefix un- There were 15 types of prefix re- found on headline news, 9 types prefix dis- and 20 types ofprefix un- that researcher found on headline news of The Jakarta Post newspapers.
After analyzing the data, the researcher found eleventh prefix in headline news of The Jakarta Post newspaper from Augustus 1st – 6th 2016. After taking the data, the researcher classified them based on their types of prefix.
CONCLUSION
This research conducted to know the types and meaning of prefix in headline news of The Jakarta Post newspapers. Based on the research finding above that the researcher found 44 prefix include
types and meanings. The types of prefix are used in the headline news of the Jakarta post newspaper were found 15 types of prefix re-, types of prefix dis- were found 9 types, and 20 types of prefix un- were found on headline of the Jakarta Post.
After analyzing the data, the researcher getting the results of the research questions in this research.
The researcher found prefix re-, prefix dis- and prefix un- on headline that used prefix or base word and the researcher found the common prefix that used on headline news of the Jakarta Post was prefix un-.
Based on the classification above, the researcher interpreted that the Jakarta Post newspapers used all of types of prefix on the headline news based on Katamba (1993). It seemed from the used of the types of prefix which was found, actually all types used of prefix by the Jakarta Post on headline news of the Jakarta Post, but the common types of prefix that was used all of types of prefix.
It seemed the data which has getting, there were 15 prefix re-, prefix dis- that found were 9 and, the researcher found prefix un- were 20. The prefix
found was creating the new meaning that can improve researcher‟s vocabulary.
In this section, the researcher give conclusion about types of prefixes based on prefix use in headline news that exist in the Jakarta Post newspapers. Based on the data analysis and finding in chapter IV, the researcher found all of types of prefix, they were prefix re-, prefix dis-, and prefix un-. The researcher interpreted that the Jakarta Post newspaper used all types of prefix based on The researcher used theories of Katamba (1993). The types of prefix that mainly use in this newspaper is prefix un- on headline news newspapers.
This research has done some suggestions for the readers and other researchers related to the object of this research is to analyzing one of the aspects of linguistic, types of prefix. For the readers, the researcher suggested to do a lot of exercise in mastering English especially in linguistic from some sources. Then, the readers could use this finding to improve their knowledge about prefix.
Thus, the researcher suggests to the other researchers who interest to analyze and want to have deep understanding about the types of prefix base on headline news of the Jakarta Post newspapers. The finding of this research can be a reference to guide another researchers that related with this research. Researcher hopes other researchers can increase their ability about linguistics especially types of prefix.
REFERENCES
Aronoff, Mark. Fuderman, Kristen.
2011. What is Morphology?.
USA: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Ary, Donald., Jacobs, Lucy Cheser., Razavieh, Asghar. 2010.
Introduction to Research in Education 8th , Wardswodh Cengage Learning. Canada:
Nelson Education ltd.
Azmi, Yuwaida. 2013. “A Morphological Analysis Of Affixes Used In Tempo Magazine January 2013 Edition”.
Booij, Geert. 2007.The Grammar of Words: An Introduction to
Morphology. New
York:Oxford University Press Inc.
Busa, Grazia, M. (2014). Introducing The Language Of The News:
A Student‟s Guide. NY:
Routledge
Cole, Peter and Harcup, Tony. 2010
"NewspaperJournalism”.
SAGE Publications Inc.
Crystal, David. Davy, Derek. (1969).
Investigating English Style.
Routledge.
Crystal, David. (1969). The Cambridge Encyclopedia Of The English Language.
Cambridge University
Hasanah, Ana Aspiatun. 2014. “An Analysis On The English Affixation Usage In News Column Of Jakarta Post Newspaper On Monday And Sunday Editions: Vol 31, No.
337 – 338, April 13rd - 14th 2014”.
Haspelmath, Martin. Sims,Andrea D.2010. “Understanding Morphology 2nd”. London:
Hodder Education
Hornby, 2010. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary Eight Edition. New York: Oxford University Perss.
Haspelmeth, Martin. Andrea. D. Sim.
2002. Understanding Morphology. London: Hodder Education
Katamba, Francis. 1993.
Morphology. New York: St.
Martin's Press, Inc
Katamba, Francis. 1994. English Words. New York: Routledge Lieber, Rochele. 2009. Introducing
Morphology. New
York:Cambridge University Press
Moleong, L.J. 2008. Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. PT Remaja Rosakarya: Bandung.
National PASS Center with funding Solutions for Out – of- School Youth (SOSY). 2012.
“Migrant Education Program Consortium Incentive”
Plag, Ingo. 2003. Word Formation in English. Cambridge University Press, New York Radford et al. 2009. Linguistics
Introduction 2nd ed. New York:Cambridge University Press.
Reah, D. (2002). The Language of Newspapers: 2nd ed. Great Britain: Routledge.
Sa'adah, Nurus. 2015. “The Use Of Affixation In English Translation Of The Holy Qur’an In Surah As Sajda”.
Sudaryanto. 2015. Metode dan Aneka Teknik Analisa Bahasa.
Yogyakarta: Sanata Dharma University Perss.
