Finally, at level 5, the IT infrastructure and business are aligned with the organization's various external partners. Business vision and processes are elaborated with partners in the inter-firm context (Ye Du et al., 2008), and resource processes are continuously optimized and improved.
USING THE SOFT SYSTEM METHODOLOGY FOR DESIGNING THE KMCMM
- Step 1: Finding the problematic situation
- Step 2: Expressing the problematic situation
- Step 3: Formulate root definitions of relevant systems of purposeful activity
- Step 4: KM concepts validation
- Step 5: Building conceptual models of what the system must do for each root definitions
- Step 6: Comparison of the conceptual models with the real world
- Step 7: Define possible changes which are both desirable and feasible
- Step 8: Take action to improve the problematic situation
For this reason, Step 3 proposes some guiding principles that underpin the design of the KMCMM. And secondly, we propose some recommendations to the organization in the form of challenges based on the best of KMCMM and the literature.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE KMCMM WITH EXISTING MODELS The KMCMM is a model designed on the basis of existing maturity models in order
Comparisons of the KMCMM with several maturity models proposed by the IT and management literature conclude that the KMCMM would be an appropriate model for diagnosing KM capabilities. Thus, most studies on KM maturity models are process related and very few are interested in KM competencies and KM infrastructures.
CONCLUSION
First, the development of specific skills for knowledge infrastructures determines organizational maturity in KM. Second, the development of specific skills for knowledge processes determines organizational maturity in KM.
Great socialist production and the “economic complementarity” thesis
The ideology of mass production was a common phenomenon in all socialist countries, known as “gigantomania” (Dang, 2008). During the cooperative system in the north, it continued to consolidate, expand and reorganize in the direction of centralization, specialization and mechanization according to the formula: mechanization + large cooperative = large socialist agricultural production (Nguyen, 2003).
The centrally-planned regime as backbone of the “in-kind economy”
To ensure that the cooperatives could meet their planned obligations, the state helped them with the necessary production materials and consumer goods. The exchange rates between local and foreign currencies were determined by the state without taking into account market rates.
Consequences of the wartime-styled thinking of administration
A total of 150,000 employees in these targeted enterprises were affected by the transformation, representing 70 percent of the workforce employed in the existing private enterprises (Nhandan Daily, 1979). The state-owned enterprises had to sell part of their products to the market to pay for production materials and employee salaries.
Embryonically-renovated thinking of administration in dilemmatic situation (1981- 1985)
Debates of thinking between the ideologues and the pragmatists
The further problem was whether it was a retreat from socialism or an erosion of socialist superiority. In these courses, the opposing ideas of socialist features and the renewed ideas of the market economy were exposed.
The “groping” economic policies
- Contracts in agriculture
- From the “fence-breaking” in commodity circulation to the official price reforms In terms of the price system, criticism was that the State Price Committee was quite
The purchase price of agricultural products had to be increased for the reproduction of agriculture and industrial development. The changes in this area were also characterized by the total abolition of state subsidies.
The renovation-oriented economic management
- With regard to the private economy and the household economy: the release of Decree 27/ND on the private economy and Decree 29/ND on the household economy by the
- With regard to agriculture: the change in agricultural production mechanism to a partially de-collectivized product contract under the label “Contract 100” in 1981 was not as
- With regard to the autonomy in business and production: with Decision 217/HDBT on November 14 th 1987, the autonomy in business and production was officially
- With regard to the commodity circulation: by the enactment of the government’s Decision 80/CT on March 11 th 1987, all the commodities were freely circulated throughout
- With regard to the property rights: in order strongly to embark upon agricultural de- collectivization, it is imperative to renew the Land Law to make up a legal foundation for the
- With regard to the foreign investment: in accordance to the thinking of an “open economy,” the Law on Foreign Investment on December 29 th 1987 officially permitted the
Collectivization over the means of production was no longer the decisive criterion of the cooperatives. Under these ratios, all the prices in the market are adjusted according to the demand-supply ratios of the market.
The renovation-oriented political initiative
Regarding foreign investment: in accordance with the thinking of an "open economy", the Law on Foreign Investment on December 29, 1987 officially allowed the economy", the Law on Foreign Investment on December 29, 1987 officially allowed foreign investment capitalist in Vietnam. The purpose of this study is to (1) describe the current practices of savings and credit cooperatives in Indonesia (2) review common patterns and themes in current practices to classify them into several business models; (3) make a list of participants and stakeholders related to savings and loan cooperatives in Indonesia; (4) map the position of savings and credit cooperatives in the landscape of microfinance institutions in Indonesia.
INTRODUCTION
The discussion is expected to lead to a better understanding of how savings and credit cooperatives in Indonesia can be further developed and strengthened in their services to MSME customers. It is expected that the case studies will illustrate the different business models of savings and credit cooperatives in Indonesia.
METHODOLOGY
The aim of the study is to make policy recommendations to the government on how regulations can assist credit unions in strengthening their outreach to MSME customers. The survey will consist of some savings and credit cooperatives and their borrowers as respondents.
BRIEF HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF SAVING AND LOAN COOPERATIVES IN INDONESIA
In Indonesia, savings and loan cooperatives make up the largest percentage among all types of cooperatives. Savings and loan cooperatives in Indonesia take the form of savings and loan cooperatives (KSP), Cooperatives for Sharia Financial Services (KJKS) and cooperatives.
POSITIONING OF SAVING AND LOAN COOPERATIVES IN THE DOMAIN OF MICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONS IN INDONESIA
UNDERSTANDING BUSINESS MODELS OF SAVING AND LOAN COOPERATIVES IN INDONESIA
Survey by the World Bank to the Saving and Loan Cooperatives' Management Board mentioned earlier. It is common practice for savings and loan associations to include savings in the calculation of loan collateral.
CONCLUSION
Inflation targeting also reduces the likelihood that the central bank will fall into a time mismatch trap. The other major obstacle in the way of inflation targeting in India is the inefficient transmission of monetary policy.
It is true that the inflation-targeting strategy could increase the credibility of the central bank and make it accountable for achieving a specific objective. Most of the trading in the Indian stock market takes place on the two stock exchanges: the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) and the National Stock Exchange (NSE).
LITERATURE REVIEW
The result shows that as the volume increases, the probability that the price change is due to information increases. He notes that the stock market is not a linear function, and if it were, the least-squares line is merely a convenient method of calculation.
LITERATURE GAP From the available literature, the following gaps are identified
The evidence shows that large price changes on days with weak volume support tend to reverse, at least partially, the next day.
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
DATA AND METHODOLOGY
- Unit Root Test (Augmented Dickey-Fuller Test)
- Johansen Test for Cointegration
- Vector Error Correction Model (VECM)
- Testing for Lead – Lag Relationship
We used BSE Sensex as a proxy for the stock market because it is the most important value-based representative of the Indian stock market. SMP is the stock market price; SMV is the stock market Volume at Period t C1 and C2 are the respective coefficients.
DATA ANALYSIS
In summary, the analysis indicates that the closing price and volume of the Indian stock market are not normal and exhibit volatility. Descriptive examination of the plot of closing price and volume of the Bombay Stock Exchange (Figure 1) shows that the closing price continuously fluctuated around the mean value which was close to zero.
POLICY IMPLICATION AND CONCLUSION
The past 30 years have seen dramatic improvement in the performance management of civil service in the Chinese government. Therefore, the civil service performance management in the Chinese government faces various problems and difficulties.
LITERATURE REVIEW 1 Scholars’ viewpoint
A theoretical analysis of the management policies of civil servants in China
After analyzing the causes of the dilemma and the hindrance of all the above-mentioned problems regarding the Chinese government's civil service performance management, Chinese scholars agree that the following factors lead to the above-mentioned problems: the divergent ideas on performance management, the inappropriate classification of civil service posts, ineffective implementation of position analysis and invalid application of performance appraisal. Considering the foregoing situation, investigations should make contributions, break the thinking pattern and deepen the performance management reform of Chinese officials.
Definition of SOGs’ civil service performance management
DESCRIPTION AND SITUATION ANALYSIS OF CHINESE CIVIL SERVANT PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT MODEL
Analysis of Classification of Current civil servant Performance Management Model of Chinese Government
- Top to Down Model of Behavioral Objectives within Government
- Bottom to Up Model of Public Participation in Organized
- Independent Third Party Model on a Particular Significance
Since 1990, researchers began to introduce the experience of foreign government civil service management. In the effort, some government civil servant performance management models with different functions had emerged, such as Qingdao's model, Shenzhen's model, Gansu's model.
Analysis of Current Model’s Issues in Chinese government
- The Design of Objectives is Unreasonable and it is Difficult to Quantitative
- The Government Emphasizes Too Much on External Management and Ignores the Organically
- The System of Performance Assessment, Needs to be perfect
- The Poor Business Processes Operation and the Blocked Performance Resource Allocation
This model, which includes public discussion institutions, organizers within the government and professional climate assessments, is the government official performance management model with the function of a guide for public participation. The performance appraisal is not the same as performance management for state employees, and it differs from state performance appraisal in its objective, function, and appraisal criteria.
Analysis of the Origin of Current Model’s Issues
- It Is Difficult to Define the Value Indicator without the Value Driver
- Performance Management Ignores the Working Carrier
- The Inconformity of Assessment Criteria Leads to Assessment System Inefficient At the moment, the government human resource performance assessment system is
- The Weak Feedback will Influence the Whole Business Process Reproducing of HRM
Civil servants must evaluate their performance objectively in accordance with the performance program requirements and performance evaluation standards. Due to the above two factors, the feedback mechanism of the state HRPM is incomplete, and the weak feedback has blocked the reproduction of the entire business process.
THE TREND OF PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT REFORM OF SOG HRPM Great changes occur at the internal and external administrative environment of
- Change the View of Performance Management and Establish the Dynamic Development View of HRPM
- Transform Single Dimension and Set up Multi-Dimensional HRPM
- Change the Single Subject and Clarify the Diversity of HRPM Subject
- Improve the Content of Management and Realize the Scientific of the Content of Human Resource Performance Management
As the managers of the government's MHPM, the department's managers are also the executor and the practitioner of the development of MHPM. Unlike traditional control-oriented government, the content of HRPM of SOG is becoming more and more scientific.
ADVICE OF REFORM OF CIVIL SERVANT PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT IN CHINA
Integrating value management into planning and investment analysis of department civil servant performance management
The scientific content is that the new recognition of the nature of HRPM SOG is the basis, by guiding the management of requirements and values, and the content system of HRPM can be established scientifically and reasonably. Last but not least, when assessing the personnel performance of SOG, it is necessary to insist on the orientation of public demand and social satisfaction.
Achieving target evaluating system under guidance of value
The above two indices are the standard orientation for SOG's civil service performance managers when analyzing key value drivers. To achieve value target evaluation mechanism, administrative capacity and increase in rate of return should be made according to specific characteristics of each department by SOG civil servant performance managers.
Establishing value chain performance resource allocation mechanism based on business process reconstruction
- SOGs’ business process reconstruction
- Value chain performance resource allocation mechanism of SOGs
Second, the multidimensional performance resource investment planning module is the basis for the reasonable allocation of performance resources. Effective analysis in the multidimensional module for performance resource investment planning must be based on scientific activities.
LIMITATION
Performance Evaluation: A Scientific Tool to Accelerate Transformation of Local Government Functions—Practice and Theory Analysis of Gansu Government Performance Evaluation. The deepening of performance evaluation of human resource in the public sector and the promotion of innovation of personnel mechanism.
Louangrath
Financial Distress Models are Inadequate for NPL Studies
It is not the objective of this paper to engage in firm-level bankruptcy analysis. While firm analysis is good for corporate managers and investors to assess performance and risk, a predictive model of industry or national financial distress studies would provide policymakers with a clearer picture of the size and direction of NPL- widow.
Time Series Modeling
Specifically, time series autoregression could not provide information about the current state of the system. The weakness of time series modeling highlights the inadequacy of current tools in econometrics for the purposes of risk assessment or crisis forecasting.
METHODOLOGY
- Statistical Testing According to Data Distribution
- Statistical Tests Used
The next step is to classify the type of distribution of the extreme value of the series through the use of the tail index. Confirmation of the sample size from the CLT is calculated by modifying the Lyapunov CLT.
RESEARCH RESULTS
- Preliminary Statistical Tests for Data Verification
- Individual Industry Analysis by Distribution Type
- Weibull Distribution Analysis and the Implication for NPL Risk
- Fréchet Distribution Analysis and the Implication for NPL Risk
- Combined Industry Group Analysis under Fisher-Tippett-Gnedenko Method
The value of is approximately equal to the average of the NPL rate for the eight operating quarters for each industry. There are four industries that show CDF 1 or at the value, there is a complete failure in the NPL system or that the reliability of the system to the NPL product is zero.
LITERATURE REVIEW Perceived Social Status
In addition, the study of the conspicuous consumption of branded fashion accessories in Canada found a significant relationship between perceived social status and conspicuous consumption. In this study, perceived social status and self-esteem are considered perceptions that influence conspicuous consumption and saving behaviour.
FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
Surprisingly, we did not find a significant relationship between conspicuous consumption and saving behavior in the second regression model. It is still not clear why Thai consumers who engage in conspicuous consumption do not show significantly lower saving rates.
Testing H1, H2a-H2c Predicting Conspicuous Consumption
- CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH
- Corporate Governance (CG) Concept, Framework and General Principles
- The Importance of Good Corporate Governance Implementation
- Corporate Governance Framework in Indonesia: Development and Challenges In Indonesia, the financial crisis in 1997-1998 has had dramatic social, economic and
- Corporate Governance Framework in Thailand: Development and Challenges Corporate governance reform has been a priority since the 1997 financial crisis and
- State-Owned Enterprises: the Roles and Importance
- CG Disclosures and Transparency: Implementation Challenges in SOEs
Overall, in terms of D & T implementation, both nations achieved good corporate governance (CG) grades (above 71 percent). It found that Indonesia and Thailand SOEs generally achieved good corporate governance (CG) grade (above 71 percent).
ASEAN Corporate Governance Scorecard Items – Part D. The Disclosure and Transparency
- OVERVIEW OF CAPITAL STRUCTURE & CORPORATE FINANCE Meaning of relevant technical terms
- THEORIES OF CAPITAL STRUCTURE Capital Structure for a Perfect World
- Assumptions
- Basic Definitions
- Important Theories
- CASE STUDY: DR. REDDY'S LABORATORIES
- LITERATURE REVIEW Moral Manager
Its cost in the capital structure depends on the health of the company's balance sheet. An optimal capital structure exists when the cost of capital is minimal or the value of the company is maximal.
