Proceedings of the United States National Museum

PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM

sued M?lSJLsH^l ^{l>y'^«}

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION

U.S. NATIONALMUSEUM

Washington:1934

Vol.83 No.2974

REVISION OF THE AMERICAN TWO-WINGED ^FLIES BELONGING TO THE GENUS CUPHOCERA

By H.

J.

Reinhard

Texas Agrictiltural Experiment Station, College Station, Tex.

In the

preparation of this paper I have studied the material in the

United

States National

Museum and

the

Kansas

University

Museum,

besides

my own

collection

mainly from

Texas,

and

a

few

specimens

from Washington and

California. I

am

underobligations to the late Dr. J.

M.

Aldrich for the privilege of

examining

the National

Museum

material,

which

includes the types of

most

previ- ously described forms,

and

also for his cooperation in supplying references

and

noteson types notseen

by

me.

To

Dr. R.

H. Beamer

I

am

indebted for the opportunity of studying the material in the

Kansas

University

Museum

collection,

which

contained several unde- scribed

forms from Western and

Southwestern United States.

My

thanks are due also to J.

Wilcox and

Charles

H.

Martin,

who

gen- erously lent specimens for study

from

their private collections of west-coastflies.

Sixteen species are characterized in this revision; of this

number,

10 are

new

to science.

The

types of the

new

species are deposited in the

United

States National

Museum and

the

Kansas

University

Museum.

Genus

CUPHOCERA

Macquart

Cvphocera Macquart, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 1845, p. 267. (Genotype, Micro- palpus rnflcornis Macquart.)

—

Schiner, Fauna Austriaca, vol. 1, p. 427, 1862.

—

Van

deb Wui-p, Biologia Centrali-Americana, Diptera, vol. 2. p. 35, 1888; ibid., p. 475, 1903.

—

Bkauek and Bergenstamm, Die Zweiflugler des 45 73008—34 1

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kaiserlichen Museums zu Wien, no. _4, p. 133, 1889; ibid., no. 6, p. 144, 1893.

—

CoQUiLLETT, Revision of the Tachinidae of America, p. 140, 1897.

—

Aldrich, Catalogue of North American Diptera, p. 483, 1905.

—

Adams, in Willistou's ^"Manual of families and genera of North American Diptera,"

ed.3,p. 377, 1908.

Palpibraca Rondani, Ann. Nat. Napoli, 1845, p. 22 (Genotype, P. haeiiwrrJioa,

new

species=MicropaZpws ruficornis Macquart) ; Dipterologiae Italicae Prodromus, vol.1, p.63, 1856; ibid., vol._{3, p.} 60, 1859.

Spanipalpus Townsend, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 51, p. 110, 1908. (Geno-

t.vpe, Trkhophora misceUi Coquillett.)

Deopalpus Townsend, Idem. (Genotype, D. hirsutus, new species.)

EpicuphoceraTownsend, Rev. Mus. Paulista, _{vol. 15, p.} 240, 1926. (Genotype, E.andina, newspecies.)

The

type speciesofallthe above genera have been

examined

ⁱⁿthe

United

States National

Museum. The

genotype, Micropalpus rufi-

comis Macquart

^(of Europe), differs

from most

of our species in possessing

rudimentary

palpi but slightly larger than in australis

and

incongrua^ the only

American

species

showing any

development of these organs.

The

occurrence of rudimentary palpi

and

the ab- sence of ocellar bristles in the genotype are characters of doubtful generic importance.

Townsend

has proposed the genus

Deopalpus

for hirsuta,

which

has neither palpi nor ocellars,

and Spanipalpus

for7mscclli,

which

differs

from

the genotype,ruficornis, in possessing ocellar bristles but

no

palpi.

These

characters are subject to

some

variation within species of this

group

and are too slight to

main-

tain the last mentioned genera or Epicuphocera,

which

has been proposed on even less important distinctions.

The

generic characters of

Cuphocera

as considered herein are as follows: Propleura

and

eyes bare;

head

at vibrissae as long as the antennal axis; face

somewhat

bulging at middle, its ridges flat

and

bare; parafacial broad, haired

and

bearing one or

more

stout bristles on lower part; front broad

and two

pairs of verticals present in both sexes; frontal bristles in

two

rows on widest part of para- frontal in the male; ocellars absent in huccata, torosa, fucata, con- tigua, andina,

and

usually in hirsuta, present in the other

known

species; proclinate orbital bristles present in all females

and

the

male

of incongrua; arista thickened

on most

of its length, penulti-

mate segment

long, not geniculate; vibrissae situated considerably above lower edge of

head

about on level with

mouth;

proboscis

approximating

the height of head; palpi rudimentary or entirely absent; cheek usually three-fourths the eye height. Thoracic chaetotaxy varying

somewhat

with the species

and

furnishing sev- eral

good

characters for separating the forms; three sternopleurals invariably present

and

usually with three postsutural dorsocentrals

;

scutellum with

two

to four marginal bristlesbesides a smaller apical pair.

Abdomen

generally broader

and more

robust in female, ovi-

KEVISION OF

GENUS CUPHOCEEA EEINHAED 47

positorshort, fleshy

and

retracted; genitaliaof the

male

with a large platelike lobe on the side, inner forceps united, the outer ones uni- formly slender.

Legs

ordinary in length; hind tibiae with a scat- tered

row

of unevenbristleson outer posterior

margin

; intermediate fore tarsalsegments sometimesdilated inthe femalewiththepulvilli short, but moderatel}'^ enlarged in the

male

sex.

Wings uniform

in shape, third vein setulose one-half or

more

the distance to small cross vein; first posterior cell open far before the

wing

tip; hind cross vein oblique to fourth,

which

it joins

much

nearer the

bend

than small cross vein; last section of fifth vein usually less than one-half the length of preceding section; costal spine small or vestigial.

Specific characters.

— ^{The American}

^{species of}

^Cuphocera

^separate

into

two

groups

on

the presence or absence of ocellar bristles.

The

characters that

seem most

useful in separating the species are the color of the pleural

and

parafacial hairs,

ground

color of thepara- frontals,

and

thoracic chaetotaxy.

The

structure of the

male

gen- italia is quite distinctive for a

number

of forms.

The

width of the front in relation to the total

head width

appears

uniform

within

narrow

limits for

most

species,

and

details of the frontal bristles furnish several additional

minor

points, especially in the male, that are of

some

^{service in} distinguishing the forms.

Minute

or rudi-

mentary

palpi are present in only

two

of the

known American

species.

In

the female the genitalia appear

uniform

in structure;

the ovipositor is short, fleshy,

and

retracted.

There

are three genera ^closely related to

Cuphocera:

Oopecrypta

Townsend,

aside

from

its slender build, is distinguished mainly

by

the characteristic transverse or erectapical cross vein; Chiloepalpus

Townsend

differs

most

obviously in

having

the propleura haired;

and

Peleteria

Desvoidy

has about the

same

combination of external characters,except that the palpi are well developed.

Very

little is

known

concerning the biology of the species belong- ingto Cuphocera.

The few

rearings recorded indicate that the spe- cies are parasitic mainly

on

lepidopterous larvae.

KEY TO SPECIESOF CUPHOCERA

1. Ocellars present ^2..

Ocellarsabsent 9.

2. Pleura clothed with pale hairs 3.

Pleura wholly black haired 5.

3. Cheektwo-thirds tofour-fifthstheeyeheight 4.

Cheek one-third the eye height, with silvery pollen which is distinctly tinged with yellow; parafacial hairs white; third antennal segment strikingly enlarged, subtriangular, three

times as long as second (Brazil) (3) macrocera (Wiedemann).

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4. Parafacial hairs black; third antennal segment widest near apex withanteriormargin straight, hardlylongerthan second segment; parafrontals without any large bristles outside

main row (California) (1) miscelli (Coquillett).

Parafacial hairs wliite; third antennal segment strongly convex on anteriormargin and distinctly exceeding length ofsecond

;

a secondary row of frontal bristles outside main row on

widest part ofparafrontal (Texas, Arizona) (2) parksi, new species.

5. Palpi .ibsent 6.

Minute palpi present; parafrontals black, subshining; face, cheeks and beard golden; apex of fourth abdominal segment

orange-yellow (Chile) (7) australis (Townsend).

6. Scutellum with three orfour marginalbristles 7.

Scutellum with only two marginals; third antennal segment

slightly convex or almost straight on front edge; frontal stripe narrower than one parafrontal on upper half; fourth abdominal segment red above on apical third to half (Ari-

zona, California) (4) scutellaris, new species.

7. Fourth abdominal segmentred at leaston upper surface 8.

Fourth abdominalsegment black^; frontal stripe wider than one parafrontal onentire length; cheekthree-fourthseyeheight

;

inner forceps of male genitalia moderately long, slender on apical half witha raised median line behind (Arizona).

(5) conformis, new species.

8. Abdomen black, anal segment wholly red and sharply con- trasted with preceding ones; parafrontals pale or yellow in

ground color, thinly pollinose; front about one and one-half

times width of eye (United States, Mexico) (11) hirsuta (Townsend).

Abdomen broadly red on sides, fourth segment entirely con- colorous above; ground color of parafrontals obscured by rather dense gray pollen except at vertex; front approxi- mating twice width of eye; apical segment of proboscis un- usually slender and about equal to height of head (Cal-

ifornia) ₍₆₎ geminata, new species.

9. Palpi absent 10

Rudimentary' palpi present; four postsutural dorsocentrals

(Texas, Arizona) (16) incongrua, newspecies.

10. Cheeksclothedwith blackhairs orbristles 11.

Cheekswholly pale haired, about one-third eye height; femora yellow^; intermediate fore tarsal segmentsin female broadly

dilated (Cuba) (9) buccata, new species.

11. Three dorsocontral bristles 12.

Four dorsocentrals^; male with orbital bristles.

(16) incongrua, new species.

12. Epaulets reddish or yellow 13.

Epaulets black; scutellum red, bearing four marginals of unequal size, disk with 10 or 12 erect bristles besides a reclinate discal pair; fourth abdominal segment black tinged with redabove onbasal margin;parafrontalsblack inground color before vertex; inner forceps of male genitalia strongly

bowed forward (Oregon, California) (15) torosa, new species.

EEVISION OF

GENUS CUPHOCERA EEINHARD 49

13. Parafrontals entirely poUiuose, yellow inground color at least

on upper part ^14.

Parafrontals shining black; scutellum black, with three mar- ginalbristles; thirdantennal segment butslightlylongerthan second; cheek three-fourths the eye height (Mexico).

(13) fucata (Van der Wulp).

14. Three sternopleural bristles 15.

Four sternopleurals^; inner forceps of male genitalia laterally compressed at baseandunusually narrow (California).

(14) beameri, new species.

15. Third antennal segment largely black; front pulvilli of male

normally elongate ^16.

Antennae entirely bright yellow; front pulvilli of male small hardlyhalf entire length of apical tarsal segment (Arizona).

(8) flavicornis, new species.

16. Parafrontals thinly pollinose with yellow ground color dis-

tinctly apparent 17.

Parafrontals with dense gray pollen obscuring ground color,

which is usually blackish except near vertex^; scutellum red, with four marginal bristles; abdomen broadly red on sides in male, intermediate segments black in female with fourth wholly red and contrasting sharply with preceding ones

(United States, Canada) (10) contig'ua, new species.

17. Scutellum with four marginal bristles of unequal size; para- facial bearing two macrochaetae on lower part^; cheek

sparsely clothed with fineblack hairs (11) hirsuta (Townsend).

Scutellum withthreemarginalbristles; parafacial bearing only one stoutbristle; cheekat middlewith three or four moder- ately large bristles and a few scattered short hairs (Peru).

(12) andina (Townsend).

(1) CUPHOCERA MISCELLI (Coquillett)

Tric'hophora miscelli Coqutixett, Revision of theTachinidae ofAmerica, p. 139, 1897.

—

Aldrich, Catalogue ^of NorthAmerican Diptera, p. 483, 1905.

Spanipalpus miscelli Townsend, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 51, p. 110, 1908.

Pleura clothed with i^ale hairs; ocellar bristles well developed;

scutellum with only

two

lateral bristles

; palpi absent.

Female.

— ^Front

^{wide, at vertex 0.41 of the}

^head

^{width in the one}

specimen; parafrontals thinly gray pollinose;

median

stripe yellow, aboutas

wide

asoneparafrontal; verticals

two

pairs, large,inner ones decussate; orbitals

two

pairs, proclinate; frontals about eight in a single row, Avhich diverges

toward

the eye on parafacial, descending almostto level with apexof second antennal segment,

uppermost two

or three bristles reclinate; antennae red, third

segment

broadened apically,the anterioredgestraight, about equal the length ofsecond

;

arista thickened

on

proximal two-thirds, penultimate segment about one-fourth as long as the third; face silvery,

somewhat

bulging at middle, in profile concavebelow the middle, the frontedge of

mouth

50

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prominent

betweenthe vibrissae; facial ridges flat, bare_; parafacials about two-fifths the

width

of face, with one strong bristle

on

lower part

and

black hairs extending

upward

to lowermost frontals_; pro- boscis rather slender, the apical

segment

exceeding the height of head; labella small; cheek silvery, clothed with black hairs, about three-fourths the eye height; back of

head

convex in profile, gray pollinose, clothed with whitish hairs.

Thorax

black,

gray

pollinose; pleura clothed with pale hairs;

mesonotum marked

with fourblackstripes; scutellumyellow

beyond

middle,

gray

pollinose. Chaetotaxy:

Humeral,

5; posthumeral, 2;

presutural, 2; notopleural, 2; acrostichal, _3, 3; dorsocentral, 3, 3;

intraalar, 3; supraalar, _3; postalar, 2; sternopleural, 2, 1; ptero- pleural, 2 (broken off scars large). Scutellum with 2 lateral, 1 smaller decussateapical,

and

a stillsmaller discalpair; postscutellum normally developed, gray pollinose; calypters opaque, white.

Abdomen

rather narrow, black, the sides

and

apex reddish; cov- ered witli changeable gray pollen,

which

in

most

views extends to the hind

margins

of the intermediate segments

and

to the

middle

of the fourth; first segment without

median

marginal bristles; second with one pair,large^; thirdwith one pair

and

three attheside; fourth with

an

arcuate

row

of large discals besides a

row

of smaller marginals.

Legs

(only the hind pair present

on

type specimen) black, the basal segments

and

^tibiae reddish yellow; hind tibiae with a

row

of irregular bristles

on

outer posterior side.

Wings

grayish hyaline, tinged with yellow along the costa; third vein bristly almost to small cross vein; fourth with a rectangular stumpless bend,

beyond which

it is concave, thence straight in an oblique angle

toward

costa; epaulets yellow; costal spine vestigial.

Length,9

mm.

Male.

— ^Unknown.

r^/;?^.—Female,

U.S.N.M.

no. 8645.

Remarks. —

Redescribed

from

one female (type) specimen in the United States National

Museum,

reared

from

a chrysalis of Adiso- phanesmiscellus in

Los

Angeles County, Calif.,

by

A. Koebele.

Although

the single type specimen

was

described 37 years ago,

no

additional material has

come

to light during ^this period.

The

black parafacial hairs readily distinguish the species

from

both macrocera

and

jmrksi.

Other

differences are mentioned in the key.

(2) CUPHOCERA PARKSI, new species

Male.

— Front

ratherbroad, atvertex0.402of thehead width (aver- age of five, 0.39; 0.4; 0.4; 0.42; 0.4); parafrontals

gray

pollinose

and

^clothed with intermixed black

and

white hairs;

median

stripe pale reddish yellow,

narrower

than one parafrontal

on most

of its

KEVISION OF

GENUS CUPHOCERA REINHARD ₅₁

length;

two

pairs of large verticals, inner ones decussate, the outer curving

backward and

outward; frontals in

two

irregular rows, the inner or

main row

extending below the middle of second antennal segment

and

diverging

toward

the eye, all except the

uppermost

one or

two

pairs directedinward,thelatterreclinate; ocellar bristleswell developed, proclinate; orbitals absent; face includingcheeks pale in

ground

color, with white subshining pollen; parafacialrather broad, bearing a single stout bristle near the lower corner of eye (in one specimen two, but the lower one small)

and

sparsely clothed with pale orwhitish hairs; face transversely

rounded

orbulgingatmiddle, in profile concave above

mouth which

is moderately protuberant, its

ridges flat, bearing

two

or three bristles above the vibrissae; the latter situated about on level with oral

margin;

cheek about two- thirds the eye height, clothed with fine pale

and

coarser black hairs;

proboscis distinctlyexceeding theheight of the head, apical segment slender,shiningbrownishblack,labellasmall; palpi absent; antennae three-fourths the length offace, largely red, third segment unusually broad, strong convex

on

the anterior

margin and

about one

and

one- half times the lengih of second segment; arista blackish, thickened

and

tapering

toward

tip, penultimate

segment

long, the apical one pubescent

and somewhat

flattened near base; back of

head

gray pollinose

and

densely clothed with white hairs.

Thorax

black; mesonotuni gray pollinose,

marked

with four broad black stripes

which

extend almost to base of scutellum;

prosternum

bare; pleura gray pollinose, clothed with fine pale hairs; scutellum reddish on apex, covered with changeable gray pollen. Chaetotaxy

:

Humeral,

4 or _5; posthumeral, 2; notopleural, 2; presutural, 2;

acrostichal, _3, 3; dorsocentral, 3, 4; intraalar, 3; supraalar, _{3; post-} alar, 2; pteropleural, 2; sternopleural, 2, 1; scutellum bearing

two

large lateral, a

much

smaller suberect decussate apical,

and

a discal pair; postscutellum normal; calypters opaque, white.

Abdomen

rather slender, subshining, black, the sides

and

apex reddishwithrather thin changeablegraypollen,

which

^extendstothe hind margins of the intermediate segments; ^first

segment

pollinose above, without

median

marginal bristles; second with a stout pair;

third bearing a

median

pair

and

three at the side; fourth

segment

withthreeirregularrows onapical half; ventergraypollinose,black- haired with pale pile on basal segment; genitalia yellow, with the usual large lobe on the side; the united inner forceps ^short, clothed withblackhairs on basebehind, laterally compressed orvery thinon about apical third, in profile view

uncommonly

thick to apex

which

is broadly rounded; outer forceps blackish, with a large triangular projection near base behind, rather slender

beyond and

in rear view strongly

bowed

_; penis short, the apex broadly

expanded

^; fifth ster-

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niteyellowish, with a moderately broad but not very deep U-shaped incision.

Legs

black, lower edge of femora, knees

and

tibiae reddish; mid- dle tibia with four or five stout uneven bristles on outer front side

;

hind tibia with about seven smaller bristles on outer posterior edge, the middle one largest; claws

and

pulvilli shorter than apical tarsal segment.

Wings

grayish hyaline; epauletsyellow^; third veinsetulose almost to small cross vein; fourth vein with a rectangular

bend which

sometimes bears a short stump,

beyond

the angle the vein curves inward, thence continues straight in a diagonal direction to costa,

narrowly

closing first posterior cell far before tip of

wing;

hind cross vein very oblique to fourth

which

it joins

much

nearer

bend

than small cross vein; last section of fifth vein less than half the length of preceding section; costal spine vestigial.

Length, 10 to 12

mm.

Type.—

Mdil^,

U.S.N.M.

no. 50558,

from Bexar

County, Tex.

Remarks. —

^Described

^from

^{nine males. In}

^my

^{collection eight}

specimens

from Texas

as follows: 1,

Marathon,

April 13, 1922 (C. S.

Kude)

; 2, Moore,

June

7, 1922 _(C. S.

Rude)

^; 4,

Bexar

County,

February

2,

March

5,

and

April 4, 1923 (H. B. Parks) ;

and

1,

Brewster County, reared

August

15, 1930, at

San Antonio by H.

B.

Parks,

from

an

unknown

lepidopterous larva. In the

Kansas

Uni- versity collection, 1 male,

from

Mescal, Ariz., July 28, 1927 (R.

H.

Beamer). Named

for

H.

B. Parks,

who

has donated

many

speci-

mens

of Diptera

from

the vicinity of

San

Antonio.

(3) CUPHOCERA

MACROCERA

(Wiedemann)

Tachina macrocera Wiedemann, Aussereuropiiische zweifliigelige Insekten, vol.

2, p. 290, 1830.

Cuphocera macrocera Schineb, ReisetierosterreicliischeuFregatte Novara,Zool.

Theil, Diptera, p. 330, 1868.

Elachipalpus macrocera Braubr and Bergenstamm, Die Zweifliigler des kaiser- lichen Museums zu Wien, no. _5, p. 406, 1891.

Cuphocera macroceraAldkich, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., vol. 79, art. 19, p. 24, fig.

1, 1929.

Spanipalpus aldrichi Townsend, Revista Ent., vol. 1, p. 168, 1931.

The

supposed

male

type,

from

Brazil, is in the

Vienna

Natural History

Museum.

Aldrich has given a complete description of the specimen, with a figureof the head,

which

is readily accessible.

The

unusually large, subtriangular third antennal

segment

readily dis- tinguishes the species

from

all other

members

of the genus. Since

Wiedemann's

specific

name

applies to antennae of

uncommon

size,

hardly

any

doubt remainsthat thespecimen representshis true type.

The

species, according to Greene'sfigure, differs

from

misceUi

and

parksi in having the cheek barely one-third the eye height. Other

REVISION OF

GENUS CUPHOCERA REINHARD 53

differences are

mentioned

in the key and. descriptions.

The

species is notrepresentedin theUnited States National

Museum, and

I have not seen the singletype specimen.

(4) CUPHOCERA SCUTELLARIS, new species

Male.

— ^Front

narrower than usual,before vertex 0.322 of the head width (average of five, 0.32; 0.33; 0.31; 0.33; 0.32),

widening

rap- idly below; parafrentals black, covered with dense dull gray pollen to vertex; frontal stripe yellow,

narrowed toward

triangle

and

at middle hardly as wide as one parafrental; ocellars Avell developed;

verticals

two

pairs, inner ones decussate

and

the outer divaricate;

frontal bristles about nine in a row, the

upper

one largest, suberect

and

^slightly divergent, the lower one at middle of parafacial near level with middle of second antennal segment; a secondary

row

of four or five frentals outside the

main row on

widest part of front;

face

and

cheeks yellow in

ground

color, covered with lusterless pale grayish-white pollen; parafacial black haired, w4th three or

more

moderatelylargebristlesina

row

on lower half nearest theej^e; face with the lower border protuberant, its ridges flat bearing three or four bristles next to the vibrissae; basal segments of antennae red or yellow, the third black except at base,

weakly

convex or almost straight in front, distinctly longer than second segment; arista black, short, tapering uniformly to tip, penultimate

segment

elon- gate; cheek clothed with rather sparse longish black hairs, about three-fourths the eye height; proboscis rather slender,apicalsegment shining brown, tapering

outward from

base, labella small; palpi absent; back of

head

thickly pale haired.

Thorax

gray pollinose

and when

vieAved

from

the rear with four broad subshining black stripes, the outer ones interrupted at the suture_; pleura blackhaired; scutellum red at apex, dusted with gray pollen. Chaetotaxy: Acrostichal, 2, 3; dorsocentral, 3, 3; intraalar, 2 (none near suture); supraalar, _3; postalar, 2; presutural, 2;

notopleural, 2; humeral, 4; pesthumeral, 3; pteropleural, 2; sterno- pleural, 2, 1^; scutellum with 2 marginal, a smaller decussate ^apical,

and

a still

weaker

reclinate subdiscal pair; postscutellum black, dusted with gray pollen; calypters opaque, white.

Abdomen

reddish on the sides

and

apex above, subshining, with thin gray pollen,

which

is changeable in different angles of view; first

segment

without

median

marginal bristles; second bearing one pair; third with a marginal

row

of about 12; fourth with

numerous

bristles above en apical half or

mere;

intermediate segments without discal bristles; genitalia reddish with the usual large platelike lobe

on

the sides; inner forceps rather long

and

miited with a slightly raised

median

line behind, base flat,

meder-

73008—34 2

54

PEOCEEDIISrGS

OP THE NATIONAL MUSEUM

vol.83

ately

wide

tapering

outward

to a slender apex; outer forceps with a square shoulder near the base behind,

beyond

this moderately slender

and bowed inward when

viewed

from

the rear, tips blunt, shining black; fifth sternite deeply divided, the lobes bearing

numerous

long black hairs.

Legs

black, tibiae obscurely reddish;

middle

tibiae with

two

large bristles on outerfrontside; hindtibiae with a scattered

row

ofabout

five

uneven

bristles on outer posterior edge, one or

two

bristles situ- ated near the

middle

in front

and

three

on

the inner hind

margin;

pulvilli tawny, the front pair noticeably longer

and

slightly ex- ceedingthe length of the last tarsal segment.

Wings

gray-hyaline; fourth vein with an obtuse angular bend, slightly curved

inward

beyond, thence straight in a diagonal direc- tion gradually

narrowing

the first posterior cell

which

is

open

far before the

wing

tip; third vein setulose

more

than

halfway

to small cross vein; last section of fifth vein about one-fourth the length of precedingsection; epaulets obscurely reddish; costal spine vestigial.

Female.

— ^Front

^at vertex 0.375 of the

head width

(one specimen);

frontal bristles in a single

row; two

proclinate orbitals present;

third antennal

segment

rather narrow, almost three times as long as broad;

median

frontal stripe narrower than one parafrontal on entire length;

abdomen

broadly ovate; first

segment

with the hind

margin

rather strikingly oblique at the sides,

narrowing

the lateral length of the second

segment

to about two-thirds its

median

dorsal length; genital opening broadly

rounded

behind

and narrowed

in front, ovipositor short, retracted; claws

and

pulvilli shorter than apical tarsal segment.

Length, 8 to 10

mm.

Type.—

MfilQ,

U.S.N.M.

no. 50559.

Remarks. —

^Described

^from

^{5 males}

and

1 female. In the

United

States National

Museum

2 males, including the tj^^pe,

from Cherry

CreekButtes, Ariz.,

September

21 (C.

H.

T.

Townsend)

. In Charles

H.

Martin's collection, 3 males

and

1 female,

Monrovia Canyon,

Calif., October 1929

and September

1931 _(C.

H.

Martin).

(5) CUPHOCERA CONFORMIS, new species

Very

similar to hirsuta but slightly larger; front in

male

at vertex 0.339 of the

head

width in the one specimen; parafrontals graypollinose to vertex;

median

^stripeyellow, wider than one para- frontal on

most

of its length; verticals

two

pairs, strong, the inner ones decussate as usual; orbitals absent; ocellars well developed;

frontal bristles extending to middle of second antennal segment, bordered

by

a secondary

row on

widest part of front; face with dense grayish-white pollen, the lower border rather

prominent

in

REVISION" OP

GENUS CUPHOCERA REINHARD 55

profile, its ridges flat

and

practically bare; vibrissae about

on

level with oral

margin

well above the lower edge of head; parafacial nearl}^ half as

wide

as face,bearing

two

large bristles

on

lower part

and

with coarse black hairs above extending to the lowermost fron- tals; antennae red at base; arista moderately thickened

and

taper- ing

toward

tip, penultimate segment long; cheek gray pollinose, clothed with blackhairs, aboutthree-fourths the eye height_; probos- cisslender

and somewhat

exceedingtheheightof

head

; palpiabsent

;

beard dense, pale gray or white. Thoracic chaetotaxy as in hirsuta.

Abdomen

wholly black, with rather thin changeable

gray

pollen on lastthree segments^; second

segment

with a pair of

median marg-

inal bristles; third bearing a marginal

row;

fourth with

numerous

bristles on apical half;

no

discals

on

intermediate segments; geni- talia with the usual large lateral lobe; inner forceps moderately long,united, witha

narrow

slightly raised

median

line behind, taper- ing

from

the base to an acute tip; outer forceps slender

beyond

a rather prominent shoulder near the base behind^; fifth sternite cleft, the lobes clothed with black hairs.

Legs

black, thetibiae obscurely yellow; middle tibia with four or five strong bristles on the outer front side; hind tibia bearing a

row

of uneven bristles on the outer posterior edge; claws

and

pulvilli

moderatelyelongate.

Wings

gray-hyaline; venation normal, third vein setulose about half the distancetosmall crossvein; costal spinesmall.

Length, 12

mm.

Female.

—

^Unlvnown.

r^/^e.—Male,

U.S.N.M.

no. 50560.

Remarks. —

Described

from

one specimen in the United States National

Museum from

East

Verde

River, Ariz., 4,500 feet, without collector's label.

(6) CUPHOCERA GEMINATA, new species

Male.

— ^Front

^{at vertex 0.44} of the

head

width (one specimen), widening gradually to antennae; parafrontals yellow with gray pollen extending to vertex;

median

stripe reddish yellow, narrower than one parafrontalonentirelength; ocellar bristlespresent,rather

weak;

verticals

two

pairs, large; frontal bristles seven or eight in therow,the

upper two

largest, reclinate

and

divaricate,the lower one abouton level withmiddle of second antennal segment; a secondary

row

of three frontal bristles outside the lower part of

main row;

face

and

cheeks yellow in

ground

color, grayish-white pollinose;

antennae red, third segment largely dark, strongly convex in front

and

alittlelonger thanthesecond; arista short,thickened

and

evenly taperingto tip, the penultimatesegment about one-fourth the length of third

; parafacial black haired

and

with

two

strong bristles close

56 PROCEEDINGS

OF

THE NATIONAL MUSEUM

^vol.83

to eye

on

lower part; face

somewhat

bulging at middle with the lower edge protuberant, its ridges flat

and

bare; cheek sparsely black haired, four-fifths the eye height; apical

segment

of proboscis

more

slender than in the other

members

of the group, about three- fourths the heightof head; backof

head

graypollinose clothed with

gra}'^ hairs.

Thorax marked

with four

narrow dark

stripes,

which

are poorly defined behind the suture; pleura black haired; scutellum red

on

apicalhalf,dusted with

gray

pollen. Chaetotaxy^: Acrostichal,2, 3

;

dorsocentral, 2, 3^; intraalar, 3^; supraalar, 3; postalar, 2^; humeral, 5; posthumeral, 2; notopleural, _2; presutural, _2; pteropleural, 2;

sternopleural, 2, 1; scutellum with 4 marginals (one nearest base small)

and

a decussate apical pair; postscutellum gray pollinose;

calyptersopaque, white.

Abdomen

red, theventer

and narrow

hind

margin

of third

segment

black, a broad obscure

dark median

stripe

on

the intermediate seg- ments; the pollen gray, rather thin

and

changeable

when

viewed in different angles; first

segment

without

median

marginals; second with one pair

and

three at the side; third with a marginal

row

of about 10; fourth bristly on the apical half above; intermediate segments without discals; inner forceps short, united,

and

tapering .sharply

from

base to apical third, the apex

narrow and

strongly convex behind; outer forceps nearly straight

when

viewed

from

be- hind, evenly tapering, shining black

beyond

the base; fifth sternite deeplyincised, thelobesblack, sparsely clothed with blackhairs.

Legs

black, tibiae largely yellow; pulvilli grayish, shorter than apical tarsal segment;

mid

tibia with

two

large bristles on outer front side.

Wings

graj^-hyaline; fourth vein with a rectangular stumpless bend, sliortly

beyond which

it curves

outward

continuing in

an

oblique direction

toward

costa,

narrowing

the first posterior cell

which

is open far before thetip of

wing;

third vein with a series of bristly hairsextending over

halfway

to smallcross vein^; last section of fifth vein about one-fourth the preceding section; epaulets red;

costal spine not developed.

Length, 8.5

mm.

Female.

— ^Unknown.

Remarks. —

Described

from

one

male

specimen labeled Delfrey, Calif.,

December

27, 1930 (C.

H.

Martin); received

from

Charles

H.

Martin, to

whom

it is returned.

The

wider front

and

the presence of marginal bristles on the sides ofthesecondabdominal segment readily distinguish the species

from

all the other

forms

possessing ocellar bristles.

EEVISION OF

GENUS CUPHOCERA REINHARD 57

(7) CUPHOCERA AUSTRALIS (Townsend)

SpanipalpMs australis Townsend, Rev. Chilena Hist. Nat., vol. 31, p. 164, 1927.

Closely resembles Chiloepalpus {Cuphocera) aurea Aldrich, but differs in having the propleura bare

and no

discal bristles

on

the intermediate

abdominal

segments.

Female.

— ^Front

^{at extreme vertex 0.327 of the}

^head

^{width in the}

one specimen, widening rapidly to base of antennae; parafrontals black, subshining, lightly dusted with

plumbeous

pollen; ocellars well developed^; verticals tAvo pairs, inner ones decussate the outer divergent; orbital bristles two, proclinate; frontals about nine arranged in a single row, moderately large, the lower one close to eye about on level with middle of second antennal segment; para- facial yellow,this colorsharply limited alongthe lowerfrontals

and

black

upward,

black haired with asingle stoutbristle

on

lower part

;

front edge of

mouth

strongly protuberant, face yellow, with thin subshining pale pollen, its ridges flat, bearing

two

or three bristles next to the vibrissae; basal segments of antennae deep yellow, the third largelyblack

and

obliquelytruncate at apex, slightlyexceeding the length of second segment; arista

brownish

black, third segment flattened near base, pubescent, penultimate

segment

long; cheek yellow, thinly poUinose

and

clothed with long black hairs, about two-thirds the eye height; proboscismoderatelystout, distalsegment slightly tapering

toward

tip, shining brownish black; minute or rudimentary palpi present, yellowish, bearing several black hairs;

back of

head

with a ruff of golden hairs

which

are sparser

and somewhat

paler on the

upper

part.

Thorax

black, gray pollinose;

mesonotum marked

with four black stripes; pleura black haired; scutellum black

and

sub- shining, lightly dusted with gray pollen. Chaetotaxy:

Humeral,

5;

posthumeral, 2; notopleural, 2; presutural, 2; acrostichal, 3, 3;

dorsocentral, 3, 4; intraalar, 3; supraalar, _3; postalar, 2; ptero- pleural, 2; sternopleural, 2, 1; scutellum with

two

marginal

and

a smaller slightly upturned decussate apical pair, disk sparsely haired, bearing a wide-spaced discal

and

a

more

closely

approximated

sub- apical pair; postscutellum black, thinly pollinose, pale membi-anous above; calypters opaque, white, the rims faintly

tmged

with yellow.

Abdomen

shiningblack, with thingray pollen, apex offourth seg-

ment

bright yellow,this colorextending

forward

on the

median

line abouttobasal third; firstsegment without

median

marginals; second bearing a rather long stout pair; third with a

row

of about 12, with widerspace betweenthe

median and

thenextbristle

toward

theside

;

fourth with a pair of discals situated before the middle

and

nu-

merous

bristles behind these on apical half; intermediate segments

58

PROCEEDIjSTGS of

the national museum

^vol.83

without discals; genital opening moderately large

and

elongate, ovipositorshort, retracted.

Legs

black,tibiae obscurely reddish; middle tibia with four or five large bristles on outer front side; fore tarsal segments

somewhat

flattenedbut notnoticeablyenlarged^; claws

and

pulvilli shorterthan last tarsalsegment.

Wings

gray-hyaline; fourth vein with a

rounded

rectangular stumpless bend; third vein haired almost to small cross vein; first posteriorcell

open

farbefore the exacttip of

wing;

hind cross vein oblique to fourth, joining it at less than one-third the distance

from bend

tosmallcross vein; last sectionof fifth vein obviously less than one-half as long as the preceding section; epaulets reddish; costal spine not developed.

Length, 10

mm.

Male.

— ^Unknown.

Remarks. —

^Described

^from

^{one female specimen in the}

^United

States National

Museum

labeled Puerto Blest., Chile,

December

2,

1926 (Shannon).

The

type, a female, is in the experiment station at

Lima, Peru

; I have not seen it.

(8) CUPHOCERA FLAVICORNIS, new species

Male.

— ^Front

^at extreme vertex 0.413 ofthe head

width

in the one specimen,

widening

gradually

downward

; parafrontal rather broad, densely gra}^ pollinose

and

distinctly wider than the yellow

middle

stripe; ocellar bristles absent; verticals large, the inner pair decus- sate

and

the outer ones divergent; orbitals none; frontals about seven in the

main row

with the lowermost bristle situated near the eyewellbelow themiddle ofsecond antennal segment,the

two

upper-

most

bristles strongly divaricate

and

reclinate, with

two

supple-

mentary

bristles

on

widest part of front outside the

main

rows;

entire face including cheeks pale in

ground

color with

uniform

dense silvery pollen; antennae entirely bright yellow, third segment abouttwice aslong as

wide

with the

apex

broadly

rounded

on front side; second

segment

about two-thirds the length of third; arista brown, moderately thickened

and

tapering to tip, penultimate seg-

ment

elongate; parafacial with about six small black hairs extend- ing along the

margin

of qjq

and two

larger bristles

on

the lower part; face slightly bulging at middle, the lower border moderately protuberant, its ridges flat with one or

two

bristles above the vi- brissae; proboscis

somewhat

exceeding the height of head, apical

segment

rather thick at base tapering to tip, labella small; palpi absent; cheek with sparse black hairs, about four-fifths the eye height;backofhead gray pollinose faintlytinged with yellow above, clothed with densepale hairs.

BEVISION OF

GENUS CUPHOCERA REINHAKD 59

Thorax

black, gray pollinose,

marked

with four distinct black dorsal stripes; pleural hairs black; scutellum red, dusted with uni-

form

gray pollen. Chaetotaxy: Acrostichal, 2, 3; dorsocentral, 3, 3; humeral, 6; posthumeral, 2; notopleural, 2; presutural, 2; in- traalar, 3^; supraalar,3_; postalar,2; pteropleural, 2^; sternopleural, 2, 1; scutellum with 4 marginal bristles (the basal one small), besides a suberect decussate apical

and

a reclinate discal pair of nearly equal size,

numerous

^{erect bristly} hairs on disk; postscutellum normally developed, gray pollinose; calypters opaque, white.

Abdomen

reddish on sides of intermediate segments, the fourth entirely so; with rather

uniform

gray pollen extendingto the hind

margins

ofsegments

two

tofour^; first

segment

pollinose on thesides above, without

median

marginal bristles; second with a stout pair

;

third bearing a marginal

row

of about 10; fourth with

numerous

bristlesonapicalhalf; no discals on intermediatesegments

;genitalia yellow; inner forceps moderately broad atbase with a slight

median

groove behind, united

and

tapering to tip; outer forceps as usual, brownish black; fifth sternite with a broad V-shaped incision, the lobes blackish bearinga

few

hairs along the inner margin.

Legs

black; middletibia with a

row

offive orsix largebristles

on

outer front side; hind tibia with a scattered

row

of uneven smaller bristles on outer posterior edge

and

others

on

the inner side; claws

and

pulvilli distinctly shorter than the apical tarsal segment.

Wings

^grayish hyaline;fourth vein with a rectangular

bend which

bears

a

short stump, concave immediately

beyond

the angle thence slightly undulating in an oblique direction to costa; first posterior cell

open

farbefore the

wing

tip; third vein setulose nearly to small cross vein;last sectionof fifth vein two-fifths the length ofpreceding section; epaulets reddish; costal spine small.

Length, 9.5

mm.

Female.

— ^Unknown.

Holotype.

—

^{Male, in the}

^Kansas

^University

^Museum.

Remarks. —

^Described

^from

^one

^male

^{specimen taken in}

^Pima

County,Ariz., July 27, 1927,

by

E.

H. Beamer.

The

species resembles parksi^

from which

it differs

most

obviously in having

no

ocellars; the hairs on pleura, cheeks,

and

parafrontals are entirely black; the parafacials with

two

stout bristles

on

lower part

and

a

few

scattered inconspicuous black ^hairs.

The

genitalia

show

additional differences.

(9) CUPHOCERA BUCCATA, new species

Differs

from

^all other species in having the cheeks wholly pale haired.

The

intermediate fore tarsal segments are broadly dilated in the female sex.

60 PROCEEDINGS

OF

THE NATIONAL MUSEUM

vol.83

Female.

— ^Front

^{at extreme vertex 0.311 of the}

^head

^{width in the}

one specimen;

median

stripe reddish yellow,

narrowed

uniformly

toward

^triangle, at base of antennae about as

wide

as one para- frontal; sides of front thinly gray pollinose to vertex, blackish in

ground

color; ocellar bristles absent; inner verticals moderately large

and

reclinate, outer ones a little smaller, divergent; frontal bristles aboutseven in a single row, descending hardly to the middle of second antennal segment,three anterior ones directed inward, the others reclinate,

upper

pair small,slightlybehindthese outside of the

row

a second pair larger

and

divaricate; orbitals three pairs, pro- clinate; face silvery pollinose, its lower border protuberant, the ridges very flat,bare; parafacial with

two

stout bristles

and

a

few

black hairs on lower part with only pale hairs above^; antennae red, third

segment

strongly convex in front, slightly shorter than second segment; arista

dark

brown, thickened

on

proximal two-thirds, penultimate

segment

elongate; cheek yellow ⁱⁿ

ground

color, silvery pollinose about one-third the eye height; palpi absent; proboscis moderately long, apical

segment

tapering

from

base to tip; labella small; beard grayish white.

Thorax

black, dusted with gray pollen;

mesonotum marked

with four black stripes; pleura clothed with black hairs; scutellum red

on

apex,graypollinose. Chaetotaxy:Acrostichal, 3, 3^; dorsocentral,

3,3^; humeral,6; posthumeral,₂

; presutural, 2^; notopleural, 2^{; intra-} alar, 3; supraalar, _3; postalar, 2; pteropleural, 2; sternopleural, 2, 1; scutellum with 3 lateral

(median

one small), 1 decussate suberect apical, besides

two

pairs of

weak

reclinate bristles on disk behind the middle; postscutellum gray pollinose,

membranous

above;

calypters white.

Abdomen

black, subshining, with thin gray pollen,

which

is

changeable in different views,anal

segment

excepton sides near base red^{; first} segment without

median

marginal bristles; second with one rather short stout pair; third with one pair

and

three at the side;

fourth bearing a

row

of about eight discals besides a

row

of

weaker

submarginals with still smallerbristles along the

margin

^; interme- diate segments without discals.

Legs

yellow (hind pair missing), tarsi black;

mid

tibia with

two

stout bristles on outer front side near middle; three intermediate foretarsal segments broad

and

flattened,the apical segment lessthan one-half as large aspreceding one; claws

and

pulvilli short.

Wings

gray-hyaline; fourth vein with an almost rectangularbend,

beyond

slightly concave, thence straight to costa

narrowing

the first posteriorcell

which

is

open

far before the

wing

tip; hind cross vein oblique to fourth

which

itjoins a little nearer

bend

than small cross vein; lastsection of fifthvein

more

thanhalf the length of preceding

EEVISION OP

GENUS CUPHOCERA REINHARD 61

section; third vein with bristly hairs extending about

halfway

to small cross vein; epaulets red^{; costal} spine not developed.

Length, 7.5

mm.

Male.

— ^Unknown.

Type.—

Female,

U.S.N.M.

no. 50561.

Remarks. —

Described

from

one female specimen in the United States National

Museum

labeled

Havana, Cuba

(Baker), ^collection J.

M.

Aldrich.

(10) CUPHOCERA CONTIGUA, new species

Male.

— ^Front

^{at vertex 0.386 of the}

^head

width (average of five, 0.38; 0.39; 0.4; 0.38; 0.38),

widening

rapidly below; parafrontals yellow on

upper

part

becoming

blackish

downward,

with rather dense graypollen

which

extendsto the vertex;

median

^{stripe yellow,} narrower than one parafrontal on entire length; verticals

two

pairs, large; ocellars absent; frontal bristles descending about to apex of second antennal segment, lowermostbristle close to eye,the

upper two

slightly longer, divergent

and

reclinate; a secondary

row

of four or five frontal bristles outside the

main row on

widest part of front;

face

and

cheeks yellow, covered with thick grayish-white pollen;

antennae red, third segment infuscated, rather evenly convex

from

base to tip

on

front edge

and

only slightly longer than second seg-

ment;

arista black, moderately thick, tapering to tip, penultimate segment elongate; parafacial black-haired with

two

large bristles near eye

on

lower part; face protuberant

on

the lower border, its ridges flat

and

practicallybare; apical

segment

of proboscistapering outward, shining brownish black, labella small; palpi absent; cheek clothed with black hairs, about four-fifths the eye height; back of

head

gray pollinose,thickly clothed with palehairs.

Thorax

gray pollinose, with four dark dorsal stripes

which

are poorly defined behind suture; pleural hairs black; scutellum red

beyond

base,dusted with graypollen. Chaetotaxy: Acrostichal, 3, 3 dorsocentral, 3,3; intraalar, 3; supraalar, 3; postalar, 2; humeral, 6 posthumeral, 3 (anterior one small); notopleural, 2; presutural, 2 pteropleural, 2; sternopleural, 2, 1; scutellum with 4 marginal (one nearest base small), a decussate apicalpair,

and

several

weak

bristles scattered

on

disk; postscutellum black, gray pollinose; calypters opaque, white.

Abdomen

subshining, reddish with a broad

dark median

stripe

on

theintermediate segments

which

expands on the

narrow

hind

margin

of the third

and

includes

most

of the first, the extreme apex of the fourth alsosometimes blackish; dusted with thin gray pollen,

which

is changeable in different angles of view; first segment without

median

marginals; second with a pair

and

one at the side; third bearing a marginal

row

of 10 or 12; fourth with a discal

row

62 PROCEEDINGS

OP

THE NATIONAL MUSEUM

vol.83

and numerous

bristles before apex on

upper

surface; inner forceps

bowed forward

near base, short

and

united, triangular, posterior surface near base convex, minutely punctate; outer forceps tapering rather evenly to

an

acute apex, shining brownish-black; fifth sternite with a

narrow

deep incision, the lobes clothed with fine blackhairs.

Legs

black, tibiae obscurely reddish; middle tibia with three or four bristles of unequal size

on

outer front side.

Claws and

pulvilli elongate, the front ones obviously longerthan apical tarsal segment.

Wings

gray-hyaline, small cross vein slightly infuscated; fourth vein with a rectangular stumpless bend, curved

inward

for a short distance

beyond

the angle thence straight in a diagonal direction to the costa; first posterior cell narrowly

open

far before the

wing

tip;lastsectionoffifth veinabout one-fourththe length ofpreceding section; third vein setulose to the small cross vein; costal spine not developed; epaulets reddish.

Female.

— Hardly

distinguishable

from

hirsuta^but thesides ofthe front are usually darker

and more

densely pollinose.

Front

at the vertex, 0.4 of the

head width

(average of five, 0.4, 0.41, 0.4, 0.41, 0.38) ; the usual

two

proclinate orbitals present with one or

two

reclinate bristles between these

and

the

main

frontal

row

^;

abdomen

usually darker on the sides than in male, anal

segment

entirely red;

pulvilli short, otherwise similar to male.

Length, 8 to 13

mm.

Holotype.

—

^Male,

from

Giant Forest, Calif., in

Kansas

University

Museum.

Remarks. —

Described

from

22males

and

13 females.

In

the

Kansas

Universitycollection 8 males

and

1 female, Giant Forest, Calif.,July 28, 1929 (E.

H. Beamer and Paul W. Oman)

; 1male,

Big Bear

Lake, Calif., July 26, 1932 (R.

H. Beamer)

^; 1

male and

1 female, Jacinto Mountains,Calif.,July21,1929 (R.

H. Beamer)

;1

male and

2 females,

Huachuca

Mountains, Ariz., July 8, 1932 (R.

H. Beamer)

; 2 males

and

5 females.

Oak Creek Canyon,

Ariz., 6,000feet, July

and August

(F.

H. Snow)

; 2males

and

2 females,

Magdalena

Mountains, N.Mex.,

August

1894

(Snow)

;3 males,withoutlocality,labeled ^"Col.

Snow

^"

and

one ^"BaileyCol.,

Aug.

^'90"; 1 female, Oliver, British Columbia,

August

6, 1931 (L.D. Anderson). In National

Museum

1male,

Bead

Lake,

Newport, Wash.

(M.C.

Lane)

. InJ.Wilcox'scollection2males, Antelope Mountain,

Grant

County, Oreg.,

August

13, 1932 (D.

K.

Frewing), and

1 female.

Mount

Rainier, Wash.,

White

River

Camp

(J. Wilcox).

In

Charles

H.

Martin's collection 1 male,

Monrovia Canyon,

Calif.,

September

18, 1931 (C.

H.

Martin).

The

specimens studied vary considerably in size, but ^I have been unable to find

any

tangible characters to separate additional forms.

The

species has been recorded

from New York by West

under the