These animals are relatively abundant due to the wildness and inaccessibility of the region, from the fact that Indians. These are seen scattered over the flat terrain, primarily to the west of the large pueblo (Fig. 5). Given the size of the slow-growing juniper, this tree has been standing on its side.
A room about the middle of the plan shows a curved wall of an older building (pi. G«). The beams are made of juniper; a beam lying in the ruins of one of the. Some of the walls are still plastered, the mud laid on the surface bears fingerprints.
On the eastern side is a row of bungalows that surround the square and close the eastern border of it. Beyond the south-east end of the square are four unusually large rooms which rise against the mass of the west house. To the north, the rooms begin to open out and join the houses that cover the northwestern part of the site.
A trench on the north side of the square near the buildings revealed three burials and no pottery.
ABT. 18 WHITE MOUNTAIN APACHE RESERVATION — HOUGH 11
Near the center of one of the mounds, 20 centimeters from the surface and 20 centimeters from the base, there is a fire layer with ash and charred rocks. The surface of the drains east of the large pueblo contains many fragments washed across the plain. The surface ruins west of the main pueblo are shown as rectangles of limestone embedded in the ground.
In the trench east of a pueblo lying north of the large group, little decorated pottery is seen, but brown with a black polished interior predominates. Buried alensofhouse waste 200 meters west of the large pueblo, visible as a slight rise that appeared to be 30 cm thick. A circular slab of sandstone with a protrusion and with traces of a painted design and a circular hole 2 inches in diameter in the center was found in a room south of the entrance corridor to the entrance.
It is believed that the black on white came to the Grasshopper complex as a remnant of the original wave from San Juan and was preserved by a surviving clan. The occurrence of black on white in places far removed from the original seat forms an interesting problem of distribution which must be seriously considered by the student. This grade is rare in most of the region due to the geological environment in terms of clay.
Black-on-white ware is particularly interesting in marking the earliest migrations in the Pueblo region. The shapes of the ware at Grasshopper are large, flat spherical water vessels, bowls with straight rims and small pieces of various shapes. In general, the designs show solid with hatched drawings characteristic of the item, but modifications can often be expected from distance from the source and local conditions.
In typical Gila ware centered in the upper valley there is never any external rim decoration on the bowl. It may also be said that this characterized a rather primitive stage of art, and it may be possible to place the Gila art at an earlier period than that of the Little Colorado valley, a guess I would make. Gila pottery further affinities with that of some of the Rio Grande pueblos, notably, Santo Domingo, Santa Clara, Tesuque, and other Tewa pueblos where the partial application of thick slip and black decoration is a common technique.
ART. 13 WHITE MOUNTAIN APACHE RESERVATION — HOUGH 17 white were to be had and the Pueblo potters hit upon the wash of
13 WHITE MOUNTAIN APACHE RESERVATION – HOW MUCH there was 17white to be had and the Pueblo potters were about to wash up. This distinguishes Chevlon wares and suggests a modernization and liberation of decorative arts as observed at Acoma, but not to the same extent. In Acoma decoration some of the common Pueblo symbols are recognizable; in the Chevlon wares many of the symbols are present, although they are handled in the liberal manner observed in the Little Colorado region.
This figure first appears prominently in the pure gray ware period and is widely known to be one of the earliest motifs in Pueblo ceramic decoration. In using a free field, for example in bowling, the Chevlon potters achieved remarkable artistic results. Outer edge decorations of the ware are usually linear, white lines are decorated with applied black dots.
Fewkes and the author show a remarkable conception and execution of these figures.* A specimen of distinct interest, not from Chevlon, shows two serpents with geometric patterns on the body reminiscent of the Mimbres, arranged on the Mexican calendar stone. Complete specimens recovered are deep bowls of soft paste, intense red in color, without decorations on the outside and with black decoration on the inside. Due to its fragile paste, this pottery is not often recovered from excavations, and for this reason its presence in some southern ruins is lost sight of.
The interior designs of soft red bowls follow the San Juan tradition and exhibit none of the design differences typical of the region south of tiny Colorado. It is noted that during the period of the development of ceramic art in the area south of Little Colorado, remarkable pieces were created. This specimen would appear anomalous in Grasshopper were it not for the writer's observation of two sites north of the Sierra Anchas covered with superficial fragments of solid dun brown.
The group responsible for the ware is conjectural, but if decorated specimens are recoverable, as seems likely, this point may be cleared up. In the ruin there is a complete absence of the brown ware with polished black interior which is so common with Blue and enters prominently. Also, the distribution of the shards is the largest east of the main ruin in a sulphur, which has been scoured by excess water.
NOTES ON APACHE INDIANS
EXPLANATION OF PLATES