PROCEEDINGS

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

DESCRIPTION OF NEW FISHES OF BERMUDA

BY TARLETON

^H.

BEAN.

In February,

1912, the

author

visited

Bermuda

at the

request

of the

Fishery Board. During

^hisstayat the islands

a number

of species ^{of fishes}

were obtained through Mr.

L. L.

Mowbray, who

is

now

directorof the

Boston Aquarium. The

recentcol- lections of

Mr. Mowbray have added 34

^species of fishes to the

Catalogue which

I

published

ⁱⁿ

1906

in Vol.

VII, No.

2, Zoological Series, Field

Columbian Museum, Publication

_108,

bringing

^{the total}

number

of

known

species at the present

time

to 296.

Some

^of the types^of the

new

species are in the

U.

S.

National

Museum while

others

which

are

represented by only a

single individual are in the

Museum

^ofthe

Bermuda Natural History

Society.

Of

the species believed ^to be

undescribed,

^the

account

of one,

Emblemaria

markii, ^is

contributed by Mr. Louis

^L.

Mow-

bray.

The

entire list of additions to the fish

fauna

since the publication ^of the

Catalogue

^of

1906

isas follows:

Manta

^birostris

Scomberomorus maculatus

Ah!ia sp. nov. Ruvcttus _pretiosus Lycodontis,resembiingverrUli Decapterus sandse-helense

Channomursena

vittata

Muraena

_sp. nov.

Snriliiirlhi pi /inula

Lampa

nyctus^crocodilus Stolephorus ^ciridis Holocentrus puncticidatus Holocentrus brachypterus

Pomatomus

saltatrix Eiicrotus ventralis

Pempheris

^midleri

Parasphyrsenops atrima mis Alphestes afer

Anthiaslouisi

Lufianus

_hastingsi 24—Proc.Biol. Soc.Wash., Vol.

XXV.

^1912. (121)

122 Bean —Description ofNew Fishes ofBermuda.

Iridio ma,culipinna

Lagocephalus

pachycephalia Pseudoscarus

plumbeus Pontinus

_microlepis

Cdnthidermis sobaco Cyclopterus

lumpus

Cantherines pullus

Lophogobius

cyprinoides Alutera

monoceros

Eleotris pisonis

Pseudomonacanthus amphioxus Emblemaria

markii Ccelorhynchus occa

Several unidentified species^of Scopelidse are in the collection

made by Mr. Mowbray

sothat there are_really

about 300

_species

of fishesthat

have been

recognized in

Bermuda by

naturalists.

Sardinella pinnula sp. nov.

D. ii, 16; A. 16(lasttwo resemblingfinlets); V. _10; P. 16; scales 42.

Head

±%.I depth^{5; ventral}scutes 19+lii.

Head

short; snout 3 in head; lower jaw ^little projecting; maxilla reaching^tobelowfront of eye, ^itswidth_equal to

%

^its length^; eye

3%

in head;

body

slender,back straightish. Longest dorsal ray about

%

head, ^lastrays

%

^{eYe\ ventral origin under 10th ray of dorsal,}

midway

fromtip ofsnout tocaudal _base, length ^{of fin}

2%

^{inhead. Scales}very solid, striate; serrations_{of belly}not_strong. Anal baseas long ^as head without snout, thelasttwo_raysproduced

and

_resemblingfinlets.

Tongue and

palate with small teeth;

vomer

toothless. Gillrakers long

and num-

erous.

Steel blue above, silvery below, iridescent. Head, ⁱⁿ spirits with golden ^tints;

no

_{opercularspot.}

This_speciesiscalledthe

"Anchovy "

_at

Hamilton,

Bermuda. Numer-

ous specimens were taken by Mr. ^{L. L.}

Mowbray,

February 17, 1912.

The

types^ofthe_species,

3%

^to

b%

^incheslong, are in the U.S. National

Museum.

No. _74,086.

Stolephorus ^viridis sp. nov.

"GREEN

FRY."

D._12; A. _15-16; scales 42.

Head

⁴; depth

b%

^; eye 3 ⁱⁿ head; snout slightly shorter than _eye;

jawsnearlyequal ^or the lower_slightlyprojecting^; snout _pointed.

Top

of head without keel, butwith a network of poreswhich is continued

upon and

^{across the} nape ^ina broad band. Maxillary^{with a} few_very small,

weak

_teeth; mandible also with

weak

teeth.

The

_maxillaryex- tendstobelow front_{of pupil,} its posteriorend blunt pointed; gillrakers numerous. Pectoral equal ^to head without snout, not reaching nearly toventrals; ventrals

midway

^between caudal base

and

front_{of eye,}equal to length ^of snout

and

eye; insertion of anal far behind

end

_{of dorsal,} thefinshort; origin ofdorsalalittlenearerto tip ofsnout thantocaudal base, thesecond_{dorsal ray}

%

length^ofhead.

Description of

New

Fishes of

Color pale

brown

; thesilvery lateral

band

about aswide as the short diameter of the eye; a ^{series of} about _{9 pearly}minute _{spots each} sur- rounded _bya narrow _ring of dark

brown

on the throat in front of the root ofthe_ventrals. These areprobably phosphorescent^{in life,}

and

_pos-

sibly alsothe lace-like sculpture on the top ^of the head. Color in life

greenish.

The

_bodyin life iscovered with mucus.

In November, 1910, Mr. L. L.

Mowbray

^observed

many

individualsof this specieson North

Rock

_ledge.

The same

_Fry

was

exceedingly

com- mon

around

some

of the islandsnear the entrance to

Hamilton Harbor

in February, ^1912.

Types, from 2 to 2}£ inches long, in U. S. National

Museum.

No.

74,084.

Eucrotus _gen.

now,

Stromateidse orIcosteidse.

Body

^shortovate,deep, stronglycompressed,^coveredwithsmall cycloid scales; scales extending

upon

^{the dorsal.}

Head

moderate, ^the interor- bitalspace broad.

Eye

^{moderate, snout}short, obtuse, truncate; margin of preopercle with flexible spines; lower margin ^of subopercle and part of opercle finely serrate.

Mouth

moderate, oblique, with one

row

of small teeth inthe jaws;

vomer and

_palatetoothless. Gill openings wide^; gillrakers moderate, ^{close set.}

One

dorsal, high, with a few flexible spinesin front, beginning ^over hind margin of eye, ^its rays numerous.

Anal _high

and

long; caudal round; base of vertical fins closely

com-

pressed, with scales extending ^well

upon

them; ^ventrals large, I, 5.

Branchiostegals ^7; pseudobranchiae present, small. Skeleton soft.

Pelagic.

Eucrotus

ventralis _sp.

now

D. VII, 84; A. II, 24; V. I, 5; poresin lateral line 106.

Depth

^of body

%

the distance from front of pupil to baseofcaudal.

Eye

slightly longerthan_{snout, 3)4}'n head.

Head

3 in total to caudal base.

Mouth

moderate,oblique, jawsequal,maxilla _reaching to below middle_{of eye.} Interorbital width3 in head. Dorsal spines graduated, thefirstshort, inserted over hind margin^of preopercle, the seventh

2%

in head.

The

pectoral reachestobelowbase of 14th dorsal ray; ventral aslongas pectoral,

X%

ⁱⁿ head, extending ^{to anal} origin. Anal _origin

midway

^{betweentip ofsnout}

and

baseofcaudal, the longest ray

%

^head.

Nostrils in front ofmiddle_{of eye, posterior}one

much

thelarger.

Color, grayishsilvery with

numerous

dark spots and blotches. Four short,narrow, dark bands ontop^ofhead, the^firstone behindpremaxilla.

Many mucus

poreson head.

A

single example,

5%

^inches long,

was

_{taken by} Louis L.

Mowbray,

August, 1911, in floatingSargassum^{in Eastern}Channel,

Bermuda. The

specimen ^isinthe

Museum

ofthe

Bermuda

Natural History Society.

124 Bean —Description ofNeiv FishesofBermuda.

Parasphyr.enops_{gen. nov.,} Cheilodipteridse.

Allied toScombrops^.

Body

elongate, covered with small, ctenoid ^scaler. Snout and _top of head naked. _Opercles scaly. Nostrils double, the posterior the _larger.

Operculum

^with two feeble, Hat _spines,the upper one^the larger. Teeth injawsuniserial, feeble, no canines,

vomer and

palate with ^a few

weak

teeth. Margin ^of preopercle serrate, the serrations _slightlystronger ^at the _angle.

Eye

large. Maxilla short,,little expanded, slipping under thepreorbital. Dorsals continuous, deeply notched, with⁹ spinesand10 rays, the third spine high, the^first

and

lasttwo short. Anal base_short, the finhaving³spinesand 7rays. Caudalforked. Ventralsunderbase of pectorals,moderate, with ¹ spine

and

5_rays. Pectoralsbroad_{at base,} not elongate, with

many

^rays. Branchiostegals^7. Gillrakersnumerous, long

and

slender, close^set. Vertical tinsscaleless.

Parasphyraenops atrimanus

sp. nov.

Head3^;

depth 5; eye

%%

^{in head.} D. IX, 10; A. _{Ill, 7;} V. I, 5;

P. 18; scalesabout 70.

Mouth

_moderate,oblique, the maxillaextending^tobelow middle_{of eye,} thelowerjawslightly projecting. Suborbitaldepth

%

^{diameterof eye.}

Thirddorsal spinelongest,

%

^{head, about}equal ^to baseof soft dorsal.

Pectoral about

%

^{head. Ventral}4 head,insertedunderpectoral. Anal}

spines graduated, the ^firstvery ^small, the third longest,

2%

^{in head;}

base offin

%

^head.

A

_largeblack blotchonbaseofspinous dorsalextending

upward

^adis- tance equal^to long diameter _{of eye.}

A

jet black spot behind base of pectoral. General_{color, in spirits,} brownish.

An

individual4 inches longwas taken from the stomach of a Bonito {Seriola falcata) on Argus Bank, 43 fathoms,January 14, 1909, by^{L. L.}

Mowbray. A

second example, ³¹4 inches _long, was also obtained by

him

onthe

same

date and in the

same

_way.

The

larger type ^{is in} the

IT. S. National

Museum.

No. 74,^OS.").

Anthias _{louisi sp.} nov.

An

Anthtas_belongingto thegroupcontainingformosus Boulenger.

I). X, 15; A. _{Ill, 7;} scales4-35-15; pores^33.

Head

3; depth

2%;

eye ^{3 in} head; snout 6 in head.

The

maxilla reaches nearly ^to below middle of eye; the ventral nearly^tovent; the pectoralto the perpendicularthrough^anal origin.

Firstanal spine )4^ey^e; second _{anal spine}

%

^head; longest anal ray 5in total length without caudal. Caudal crescentic, none of its rays

much

produced.

No

_raysin

any

^ofthefins produced.

Gillrakers29,the longest

%

eye.

A

small black spot^atbaseof6th and7th dorsal _rays.

Colorin life rosy.

A

singleindividual, ^:\l4 inches longto baseofcaudal, wasobtained by

Bean

Description of

New

Fishes of

Bermuda 125

L. L.

Mowbray

on Argus bank, April 6, 1908,from the stomach ^ofa rock iish. Itisin tlic

Museum

^ofthe

Bermuda

Natural HistorySociety.

This _species ^is

named

for Louis Septeme

Mowbray,

^the youngest chthyologist ^of

my

acquaintance.

Pseudoscarus plumbeus

sp.

now

The

_{typespecimens} of this parrot ^lishare inthe

Museum

of the Ber-

muda

Natural HistorySociety. Lengthof types, 16inches

and

18 inches.

The

specimens^described werecollected by^{L. L.}

Mowbray

^{on the North}

Shore, within the reefs, August, ^1911.

The

_species

was

first obtained herein 1909.

Head

3; depth

2%;

eye^{4 in}snout (obliquely), 8)4 ⁱⁿ head; snout

2%;

interorbital width

2%;

preorbital 4; pectoral

1%;

^{ventral \}4',} caudal

\%.

D. IX, 10; A. II, 10; scales2-25-6.

No

canine _teeth; lower jaw ^included

when mouth

^is closed; lateral line interruptedonescalebehind end of soft dorsal, lower branch _begin- ning under9th rayof dorsal, piercing⁷scales; poresof lateral line

much

branched. Sixscaleson nape^{in frontof dorsal,the third}one

much

the the _largest; ."> rowsof scales on cheeks, the lower

row

containing only onescale; 18 scalesalong base^of dorsalsforminga

somewhat

conspicuous sheathforthe fins; 11 scales along anal base^also forming^alowsheath.

Outercaudal rays

somewhat

_produced; inner rays with^aconvexoutline.

Color purplish

brown

in life; chin, upper lipand _{lower part}ofopercle and _suhopcrclevivid,greenish blue becoming emerald green in spirits;

nape with bluish green^{; a}spot^ofbluish green^atinsertion offirstdorsal;

a few scales onsideswith similar green^; margin ^{of dorsal}

and

_{anal, tips}

of caudal, upper ray of pectoral

and

first ray ^ofventral with anarrow stripe of bluish given.

Pontinus microlepis sp. nov.

A

Pontinus related to P. beanorum and P. macrolepis, differing from thesein itssmall scales

and

other characters, wasobtained by Mr. ^{L. L.}

Mowbray

ⁱⁿ

Bermuda

several yearsago.

The

length ^of the_single individual taken is nine inches; depth

two

andone-fonrth inches; headthree

and

one-halfinches.

I). XII, 10; A. 111,5; P.17; _V.I,5; scales7-48-14 (poresabout_33).

Head2i;

depth

3^

^; eye

4%;

^snout

3^.

The

maxilla reaches almost to belowhind margin of eye. Mandible slightly projecting, with_{a slight}

knob

_closing intoan _interspace between theintermaxillaries. Interorbital width ^:'» in snout.

Top

^{of snout} and top^ofheadwith a few

weak

scales; rest of

head

_scaly;maxillanaked.

Baseof pectoral aswideasthe eye ^islong, 7thand _{8th rays}from bot-

tom

the _longest, ?>% ⁱⁿ length ^to caudal _base, extending ^to below ^Ilth spineof dorsal, and

midway

^{between ventandanal origin.}

The

ventral reaches nearlyto vent,

%

^{aslon^ras head. Fourth dorsal}

spine longest, equal ^tosnout; ^1stspine ^{2 in} snout; 11th slightly longer

126 Bean —DescriptionofNew Fishes ofBermuda.

than_1st; 12thaslong^asthe_eye. Longestdorsal ray^{3 in}head. Longest anal ray

2%

^{in head. First} anal spine

%

^{eYe; second spine}equal ^to snout; ^third

%

^snout.

Two

^{slender tentacles} above each _eye, the first minute, ^the second about

%

eye.

A

small tentacle ateach anteriornostril.

The

lower caudal lobe is

now

slightly the _longer. Only⁽³ gillrakers fully developed^with about 8 little tubercles belowonthe anterior arch.

None

ofthe cephalic spines greatlydeveloped. Color_rosy.

The

_typeofthespecies will beintheU. S. National

Museum.

Emblemaria

markii

Mowbray

sp.

now

"

Head 3%;

depth 5}; D.

XXII,

15; A. 25.

"

Body

blenniform,^scaleless.

Jaws

withstrong incurved conicalteeth;

maxillary reachingbeyond the eye a distance equal ^to diameter_{of eye,} which is about 4 in head. Snout moderately compressed, slightly ^less than 4 in head; nasalcirrusequal^todiameterofeye^{; cirrus}on upperpart ofeyeball^{2 in} head,^its tipsometimes branched; a small horn-like cirrus over

and

in line of posterior margin of eye. Dorsal

and

anal slightly joined ^tobaseof caudal; origin of dorsal beginning behind snout ^{at a} distance equal ^tolengthofsecond dorsal_spine. In themalethe_Gth, 7th and8th dorsal spines are the longest, 3 in totalwithout caudal; in the female the longest dorsal spine ^isabout 6 in lengthwithout _caudal,

and

equal ^todepth ^ofbody.

"

Color palebrown, with ^{to 10}dark ^verticalbands on^thebody;^ver-

tical finsdusky; dorsal quite dark, blotched with black; pectoralspale.

''

Individualsof1to

2%

inches long are

common among

^{themusselbeds} (Areanoe)in

Hamilton

_Harbor,

Bermuda.

First taken

June

_{20, 1907,}

in amussel dredge.

"Named

ⁱⁿhonorofDr. E. L.

Mark,

^of

Harvard

University."

Types^intheU. S. National

Museum.

No. _74,083.