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Association of MTHFR polymorphism and periodontitis ’ severity in Indonesian males
Introduction
Lipid production from tapioca wastewater by culture of Scenedesmus sp. with simultaneous BOD, COD and nitrogen
本语に切り直える切换为简体中文 切换为繁体中文催化剂用于从食用油合成甲酯（MES）。
In this study, the natural magnetite was extracted from the iron sand of the marina beach of Semarang and ground by means of high energy milling (HEM) with a ball:magnetite ratio: 1:1. The preparation of methyl ester was catalyzed by a zeolite/magnetite composite via a transeserification reaction. The variation of the catalyst concentration (w/v and 10% per feed volume) was investigated. The reaction product is a mixture of methyl olein (MES), methyl palmitic acid (MES) and methyl stearic acid (MES).
The characteristic product of this research includes density, viscosity, acid number and iodine number that meet the SNI standard. Acid numbers Catalyst concentration Edible oil Feed volume Iodine number Methyl esters Natural magnetites Natural zeolites. This research is financially supported by funding in addition to APBN DPA SUKPA LPPM of Diponegoro University, fiscal year 2017.
Journal of Physics: Conference Series
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Zeolite/magnetite composites as catalysts on the Synthesis of Methyl Esters (MES) from cooking oil
Adi Darmawan 1 , Sriyanti 1 , Wuri Cahyani 1 , Hendri Widyandari 2
- Experimental Method 1. Materials
- Results and Discussions
The use of homogeneous catalysts has a disadvantage, which is difficulty in separating methyl ester products. However, the magnetite embedded in zeolite as a catalyst in the transesterification reaction of used cooking oil has not been reported. The different of zeolite:magnetiteration mass was and 4:1. The next step, adding aquadest to the mixture and stirred in a magnetic stirrer at room temperature at 1200 rpm.
Based on GC-MS analysis, methyl ester compounds are known to form in this transesterification reaction. The methyl ester of the uncatalyzed transesterification product yields the compound methyl oleic/9-octadecanoic acid (m/z = 296), which is the fragmentation compound with the highest peak, followed by methyl palmitic/hexadecanoic acid (m/z = 270) and methyl stearic/octadecanoic acid acid (m/z = 270), while the use of a 1% ZM (zeolite/magnetite composite) catalyst resulted in methyl palmitate (m/z = 270) as the highest fragmentation compound peak, followed by methyl oleic acid (m/ z = 296 ). The influence of the catalyst concentration in the range of 1-10% (w/v) on the transesterification of the used edible oil is shown in Figure 4.
Figure 4 shows that the efficiency of the transesterification reaction to the resulting methyl ester is highly dependent on the amount of catalyst, so increasing the amount of catalyst would increase the percent yield. However, the use of a zeolite/magnetite composite catalyst in large quantities is less effective precisely because of the water content in the methyl ester product. Mansir [19] reveals that the catalytic conversion of triglycerides to biodiesel/methyl ester involves the use of a catalyst that lowers the activation energy and accelerates the reaction.
Therefore, it can be decided whether the methyl ester is feasible as a fuel substitute or not. 5 can observe the effect of zeolite/magnetite catalyst concentration on the density of methyl ester. The viscosity of methyl ester often called kinematic viscosity is the value of methyl ester treacly as fuel at 40oC.
The role of the catalyst in influencing the viscosity properties tends to correspond to the methyl ester density. The acid number of methyl ester as a product of transesterification using different catalysts is shown in Figure 7. The iodine number of methyl ester as a product of transesterification using different catalysts is shown in Figure 8.
The higher the iodine value, the higher the number of double bond fatty acids contained in the methyl ester. The effect of increasing methyl ester unsaturation can cause CO2 gas to increase the degree of unsaturation associated with iodine number. If the methyl ester is to be used as a biofuel, then the iodine number must.
The preparation of methyl ester was catalyzed by a zeolite/magnetite composite via a transeserification reaction using variation of the catalyst concentration and 10% (w/v) yielding a mixture of methyloleic acid (MES), palmitic acid (MES) and stearic acid (MES). produced.
