Quo vadis Indonesian REDD+ After Paris

(1)

Indonesian REDD+ After Paris:

Quo vadis

Daniel Murdiyarso

Indonesian REDD+ After Paris:

Quo vadis

Indonesian REDD+ After Paris:

Quo vadis

(2)

Outline

• At the beginning…

• The core idea of REDD+

• Fast tracking REDD+

• The barriers for a national approach and sub national implementation?

• What lessons did we learn?

• In a nutshell

• At the beginning…

• The core idea of REDD+

• Fast tracking REDD+

• The barriers for a national approach and sub national implementation?

• What lessons did we learn?

• In a nutshell

(3)

Thursday, May 27, 2010

Indonesian president Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono says he will introduce a two- year moratorium on deforestation, a large source of income for his country which also contributes heavily to global warming.

"We will ... conduct a moratorium for two years where we stop the

conversion of peat land and of forest," Mr Yudhoyono said at a joint press conference with Norwegian prime minister Jens Stoltenberg a day before an international deforestation conference starts in Oslo.

The decision was part of a deal reached with Norway, which has agreed to contribute up to $US1 billion to help preserve the Indonesian forests.

Together with Brazil, Indonesia boasts one of the world's largest rain forests, which function as global "lungs" that transform carbon dioxide into oxygen.

The country however also accounts for a large portion of the world's deforestation, especially on the islands of Sumatra and Borneo.

Palm oil producers have especially caught the attention of environmental protection groups.

……..AFP

Thursday, May 27, 2010

Indonesian president Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono says he will introduce a two- year moratorium on deforestation, a large source of income for his country which also contributes heavily to global warming.

"We will ... conduct a moratorium for two years where we stop the

conversion of peat land and of forest," Mr Yudhoyono said at a joint press conference with Norwegian prime minister Jens Stoltenberg a day before an international deforestation conference starts in Oslo.

The decision was part of a deal reached with Norway, which has agreed to contribute up to $US1 billion to help preserve the Indonesian forests.

Together with Brazil, Indonesia boasts one of the world's largest rain forests, which function as global "lungs" that transform carbon dioxide into oxygen.

The country however also accounts for a large portion of the world's deforestation, especially on the islands of Sumatra and Borneo.

Palm oil producers have especially caught the attention of environmental protection groups.

……..AFP

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Mr Yudhoyono acknowledged it was difficult to find the right balance between the socioeconomic interests of his people and the fight against climate change.

Norway will begin support for Indonesia's efforts by enabling the country to set up a control mechanism to help fight deforestation, and as of 2014 the Scandinavian country will offer aid contingent on Jakarta's progress.

"If there is no reduced deforestation, we will not pay. If there is reduced deforestation, we will pay," Mr Stoltenberg told the press conference.

According to the United Nation's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, or IPCC, deforestation is responsible for 17 per cent of global greenhouse gas emissions, which is more than all the world's modes of transport combined.

The Norwegian aid to Indonesia will come out of the three billion kroner ($555 million) that the country puts aside every year to fight

deforestation around the world.

Norway, which owes its prosperity to its vast oil and gas reserves, has already signed similar agreements with Brazil and Guyana.

-AFP-

Mr Yudhoyono acknowledged it was difficult to find the right balance between the socioeconomic interests of his people and the fight against climate change.

Norway will begin support for Indonesia's efforts by enabling the country to set up a control mechanism to help fight deforestation, and as of 2014 the Scandinavian country will offer aid contingent on Jakarta's progress.

"If there is no reduced deforestation, we will not pay. If there is reduced deforestation, we will pay," Mr Stoltenberg told the press conference.

According to the United Nation's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, or IPCC, deforestation is responsible for 17 per cent of global greenhouse gas emissions, which is more than all the world's modes of transport combined.

The Norwegian aid to Indonesia will come out of the three billion kroner ($555 million) that the country puts aside every year to fight

deforestation around the world.

Norway, which owes its prosperity to its vast oil and gas reserves, has already signed similar agreements with Brazil and Guyana.

-AFP-

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Necessary tools needed

• National Strategy

• MRV system

• (Forest)Reference Emission Level

• Safeguards (SES and SIS)

• Financial mechanism



Are they publically accessed?



Enabling instrument/PAM?



National Designated Authority?

• National Strategy

• MRV system

• (Forest)Reference Emission Level

• Safeguards (SES and SIS)

• Financial mechanism



Are they publically accessed?



Enabling instrument/PAM?



National Designated Authority?

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The core idea of REDD+

• Carbon value of forests

• Performance-based

• Co-benefits

• Sustainable

Development Goals

• Carbon value of forests

• Performance-based

• Co-benefits

• Sustainable

Development Goals

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Fast tracking REDD+ in Indonesia

TRANSFORMATIONAL

REFORMS SPECIFIC POLICIES

Tenure reform

Governance

PES

(payments for environmental services) Community-based natural resource

management (CBNRM)

• May or may not directly lead to REDD+

 But has positive effects on equity and poverty reduction, necessary for the long-term success of REDD+ efforts

Governance

Decentralisation Agricultural policies

Woodfuel policies Land use restrictions Sustainable forest management Community-based natural resource

management (CBNRM)

simpler, technically and politically

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Potential barriers

• Institutional/ Governance

– Sectoral “bandwidth”

– Authority and mandate

• Legal/ Regulatory framework

– Rules of the game

– Disharmony across sectors and regional

• Technical

– MRV system

– Capacity to reduce uncertainties, including EF and AD

• Institutional/ Governance

– Sectoral “bandwidth”

– Authority and mandate

• Legal/ Regulatory framework

– Rules of the game

– Disharmony across sectors and regional

• Technical

– MRV system

– Capacity to reduce uncertainties, including EF and AD

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

• Ketapang/FFI/Kalbar

• Kapuas Hulu /FORCLIME/Kalbar

• Kapuas Hulu/FFI/Kalbar

• Sentarum/FFI/Kalbar

• Lamandau/YAYORIN-RARE/Kalteng

• Rimba Raya/RRC-Infinite Earth/Kalteng

• Katingan/RMU-StarlingResources/Kalteng

• Sebangau/WWF/Kalteng

• KFCP/AusAID-MoFo/Kalteng

• Heart of Borneo/WWF/Kalteng

• Kutai Barat/WWF/Kaltim

• Kutai-Malinau/Global Green/Kaltim

• RHOI/BOS/Kaltim

• Malinau/GER/Kaltim

• Malinau/FORCLIME/Kaltim

• Berau Forest Carbon/TNC/Kaltim

• Berau/FORCLIME/Kaltim



 



•Mamuju/Inhutani/SulBar

•TN Lore Lindu/UNREDD-MoFo/Sulteng

•SM Nantu/YANI/Gorontalo

•Poigar/ONF/Sulut

 

Potential

REDD+ projects

 

•Lombok/KOICA-MoFo/NTB

•TN Meru Betiri/ITTO-MoFo/Jatim

•Merang/GiZ/Sumsel

•Berbak/ZSL/Jambi

•SFCP/AusAID-MoFo/Jambi

•Kampar Ring/APRIL/Riau

•Tesso Nilo/WWF/Riau

•Siberut/Global Green/Sumbar

•Leuser/YLI/Aceh

•Ulu Masen/Aceh Green/Aceh





 







 



 



 



Biak-Rumfor/Emerald Planet Mamberamo/New Forest Merauke-Mappi-Asmat/WWF Jayapura/WWF



•TEBE Project/YTM-AusAID/NTB

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National Parks

B. Tigapuluh B. Duabelas

G. Palung Kutai

Lore Lindu B. Tigapuluh

B. Duabelas

Baluran

Lore Lindu

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National Parks and REDD demonstration sites

Kalimantan

• FORCLIME

• AusAID

Sulawesi

• UN-REDD

B. Duabelas

Baluran

Sumatra

• AusAID

• GTZ

Java/Lombok

• ITTO

• KOICA

Lore Lindu

As of April 2010

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National Parks and voluntary REDD sites

Kalimantan

• FFI/PHKA

• BOS

• GER/Inhutani

• WWF

Sulawesi

• Green Synergy

• Inhutani Papua

• WWF

• New Forest

• Emerald Planet

B. Duabelas

Baluran

Sumatra

• Govt Aceh/FFI

• WWF

• APRIL

• RSPB/

• Burung

• ZSL

Papua

• WWF

• New Forest

• Emerald Planet

Lore Lindu

As of April 2010

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(Forest) Reference Emission Level

BasePeriod

Or

Historical baseline

Crediting period = 35 years?

ForestC-stocks _Base

Period Or

With REDD

Without REDD (BAU)

ForestC-stocks

With REDD+

5 or 10 years?

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BasePeriod

Or

With REDD Without REDD (BAU)

C-emissionGtCO2-eq

With REDD+

(Forest) Reference Emission Level

BasePeriod

Or

C-emissionGtCO2-eq

With REDD+

5 or 10 years?

Crediting period = 35 years?

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HF/LD HF/LD HF/LD HF/LD HF/LD HF/LD HF/HD

HF/HD HF/HD HF/HD HF/HD HF/HD LF/HD

LF/HD LF/HD LF/HD LF/HD LF/HD

Cluster of forest cover and deforestation rate

HF/LD HF/LD HF/LD HF/LD HF/HD

HF/HD HF/HD HF/HD HF/HD HF/HD LF/HD

LF/HD LF/HD LF/HD LF/HD LF/HD

LF/LD LF/LD LF/LD LF/LD LF/LD LF/LD

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Forest transition - national

Forest

cover Papua

Kalimantan

Java

Time Sumatra

Forest/plantations/ agric.

mosaics Undisturbed

forests Forest/agric.

mosaics Forest

frontiers

Java

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TREND-D for a quota system

Existing forest

Expected Deforestation

Forest areaorC-stocks

Province A Province B Province C

Forested district

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Expected Deforestation

Agreed national reference level

Forest areaorC-stocks

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Approaches for accounting & crediting

National approach

• Creates country ownership

• Addresses domestic leakage

• Susceptible to governance failures

• Less likely to mobilize private investment

Sub-national

• Allow early action and wide participation

• Susceptible to domestic leakage

• Cannot address wider driving forces of deforestation and forest degradation

Nested approach

• Allows early start with sub-national activities and gradually move to a national approach

• Challenges to harmonize two levels

National approach

• Creates country ownership

• Addresses domestic leakage

• Susceptible to governance failures

• Less likely to mobilize private investment

Sub-national

• Allow early action and wide participation

• Susceptible to domestic leakage

• Cannot address wider driving forces of deforestation and forest degradation

Nested approach

• Allows early start with sub-national activities and gradually move to a national approach

• Challenges to harmonize two levels

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Lessons learned from

the reforestation fund study

• Build capacity for financial

management and revenue admin

• Strengthen corruption and fraud eradication initiatives

• Support financial monitoring, reporting, and verification

• Adjust policies to remove misaligned and perverse incentives

• Promote equitable distribution of benefits and mitigate negative impacts on smallholders

• Build capacity for financial

management and revenue admin

• Strengthen corruption and fraud eradication initiatives

• Support financial monitoring, reporting, and verification

• Adjust policies to remove misaligned and perverse incentives

• Promote equitable distribution of

benefits and mitigate negative

impacts on smallholders

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In the Paris Agreement

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