Bali Action Plan and Beyond
Approaches.to.stimulating.action",.several.points.proposed.in.the.draft.text.of. deforestation.as.restraint.53.The.potential.role.of.reducing.emissions.from. DD.in.developing.countries.is.also.recognized.as.an.action.in."helping.to.meet.the.ultimate.objective.of.the.convention.54. Questions.about.the.potential.impacts.of.REDD .on.indigenous.populations.and.local.communities.is.also.mentioned.by.recognizing.that.the.needs.of.such.people.and.communities.should.be.addressed.Furthermore.in.decision.2/CP .13.parties.are.requested.to.further.strengthen.and.support.ongoing.efforts.to.reduce. emissions.from.deforestation.and.degradation.on.a.voluntary.basis". parties.are.also.invited.to.“support,.provide.technical.assistance,.facilitate. on.methodological.approaches,.including.collection,.reporting.and.monitoring. as well as.to.arrange.appropriate.institutions.55.As.the.first.official.adoption.of. put.all.parties.on.board.by.avoiding.the.controversial.questions.e.g.about.the. But.the.Bali.action.plan.provides.indicative.guidance.in.its. activities.should.be.undertaken.with.the.approval.of.the.host party”;.estimate. emissions reduction.should.be.“results-based,.demonstrable,.transparent.and. be.based.on."historical.emissions";.and.the.use.of.'independent.expert assessment'. is.encouraged.56.Furthermore.REDD.has.a.mandate.to.negotiate.under.two. tracks,.namely.in.the.Ad.Hoc.Working Group.on.long-term.cooperation. Planet White Paper: The History of REDD Policy,. full.and.effective.participation.of.relevant.stakeholders.including.indigenous.
Regarding.financial.sources.of.REDD+,.the.AW-LCA.mandate. to.explore.the.financing.options.and.report.its.recommendation.in.COP.17. controversial,.especially.in.the.context.of.the.rights.of.indigenous.people.and. concern.about.how.avoided.deforestation.may.affect.their.way of life.and.rights. NGOs.like.Friends.of.the.Earth.International67.or.Forest.People.Program68.or. even.grassroots.organizations.like.Indigenous.Environmental.Network.69.In fact,. not.before.COP.14.Poznan.in.2008.their.vote.has.not.been.taken.seriously.since. Appendix.1.on.REDD+.Leadership.and.Safety].Paragraph.1.of.the.Appendix.1. provides.guidance.on.several.contentious.issues.including.the.fact.that.REDD+. must.contribute.to.the.achievement.of.the.ultimate.goal.of.the.UNFCCC.and.
REDD+.is.not.used.to.encourage.the.conversion.of.natural.forests.to.monoculture. plantation;.leakage.by.addressing.the.“risk.of.return”.71.Instead.of. explicitly.putting.the.issues.in question.above.as.an.obligation.to.comply,. such.concerns.seem.to.be.undermined.by.weak.language.that.the.security.measures. should.be.“promoted.and.supported”.In addition,.the.Cancun.agreement.is.also. 66.See.Bolivian.submission.to.AWG-LCA.on.Universal.Declaration.on.Mother.Earth.Rights.
The REDD+ Building Blocks
Scope
In this respect,.at least.three.approaches.have.been.put.on.the.table.The.first. Aid.(ODA).and.other.bilateral.and.multilateral.sources.In fact,.is.the.key. element.under.such.mechanism.is.that.emissions.are.reduced.by.REDD+ activities.
REDD+ in Indonesia
The National REDD+ Architecture
REDD+ Related Law and Policies
Institutional Arrangements
Partnership and The First Generation of REDD+ Project
In this connection, the next question would be whether a country.cannot register the police,. would he be able to stop the police from recording? be.injected.into.REDD+.mechanisms,.this.could.be.a.new.route.for.corruption. between government officials and local elites. if the model of corruption is not. Deforestation.and.Forest.Degradation".goals.direction.policy.dialogue.and. that.Norway's.strong support.in.this.context.is.linked.to.its.ambition.to.be. carbon.neutral'.until.2030.While.2/3.of.its.reduction. take.home.place,. the rest.will.be.done.through.carbon.compensations.outside.156.This.appears.controversial. to.many.observers.that.Norway.is.a.large.exporter.of.fossil.fuels.which.largely. two-year.moratorium.on.natural.forest.and.peat.conversion.in.Indonesia. as one of the articles in that.the.moratorium.has.limited.impacts.in.practice.as.the.instruction.opens. void.and.only.covers.the.primary.forests.that.have.already.been.protected.under. Forestry.The.Law.as.protected.forest;.therefore,.encroachment.of.secondary.forests.has. 156. See for example. L. Peskett. and. P. Yanda,. (2009). The REDD+ Outlook: How Different Interests Shape the Future. 2011).Caught REDD Handed: How Indonesia's Logging Moratorium was Criminally Criminal on Day One and Norway will Profit..Bogor:.Telapak.and.EIA.
Safeguards and Co-Benefits
The Rights of Indigenous Peoples
February.2011,.Yayasan.Petak.Danum.(2011),.a.grassroots.organization.based. in.Central.Kalimantan.a.protest.letter.to.the.Australian.delegates.who.
Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services
Conclusion
Decree No. 32/1990 prohibits the development of peat areas deeper than 3 metres. development.to.transform.such.areas.into.plantation.continues.193. Even.a.REDD+.demonstration.project.under.the.Australia-Indonesia.KCPF. Problems.for.REDD.and.the.criteria.for.assessing.options?.in.Moving Ahead with REDD: Issues, Options and Implications.Ed.By.Arild.Angelsen.Bogor,. La.Vina,.A.(2010). The Future of REDD-Plus: Pathways of Convergence for the UNFCCC Negotiations and Partnership.
-Time review of the Norwegian International Climate Forest Initiative: Contribution to national REDD+ processes that reduce emissions from deforestation in developing countries: an introduction to climate change and forests: emerging policies and market opportunities. Ed.by.C.Streck.et.al .London:.Royal.Institute.of. Project.Design.Note.(2007).Reducing emissions from deforestation in the UluMasen ecosystem, Aceh, Indonesia.Aceh:.Provincial.government.of.Aceh,.FFI.en. Seymour, F., and Angelsen, A. (2009). Summary and Conclusions: REDD Wine in Old Wineskins?' in Realizing REDD+: National Strategy and Policy Options.
Sills,.E.,.Madeira,.M.,.Sunderlin,.W.,.Wertz-Knounnikoff,.S.(2009).The Evolving Landscape of REDD+ Projects in Realizing REDD+: National Strategy and Policy Options.Ed. deur.ArildAngelsen.Denmark:.CIFOR,.Denemarke. Argitektuur:.Linking.Institutions.and.Actions.in.Realising REDD+: National Strategy and Policy Options..Ed.by.ArildAngelsen.Denmark:.CIFOR Journal Articles. Kommentaar”.18.Yale.Journal.of.International.Law,.1993.pp.451-558 Brunnee,.J.and.Nollkaemper,.A.“Between the Forests and the Trees: an Emerging.
