THE RELATIONSHIP LEVEL OF AWARENESS OF PREGNANT WOMEN TO THE IMPORTANCE OF FE TAMBLET CONSUMPTION IN PREVENTING
ANEMIA
Siti Sarah Nurfanisa Rushmana
Midwifery Department, Health Polytechnic Ministry of Health Tasikmalaya, Indonesia.
*E-mail:[email protected] ABSTRACT
The World Health Organization (WHO) states that anemia is the 10 biggest health problem in this modern century, where groups at high risk of anemia are women of childbearing age, pregnant women, school-age children and adolescents. The most common source of anemia is nutritional iron deficiency with evidence suggesting that up to 90% of maternal anemia may be due to inadequate intake of dietary iron. Iron supplements are one of the many supplements needed by pregnant women. This study aims to find out the relationship between the level of knowledge of pregnant women and the importance of consuming Fe tablets, so that they can assess the adherence of pregnant women to consuming Fe tablets with the occurrence of anemia in pregnant women.
This study uses a qualitative approach with the Systematic Literature Review method. The steps in the Systematic Literature Review method are: planning/identification, search and selection of primary data, extraction, data and data synthesis. After the selection, 17 journals were obtained that met the criteria and each represented the effect of giving Fe tablets to reduce anemia in pregnant women, then a review was carried out.
The results of this study review indicate that there is a very significant relationship between the level of adherence of pregnant women to consumption of Fe tablets and cases of anemia in pregnant women based on the results of the characteristics of the respondents such as age, education, occupation, anemia status, adherence, knowledge, attitudes and others.
Keywords: Fe Tablets, Anemia, Pregnant Women, Awareness
INTRODUCTION
The World Health Organization (WHO) states that anemia is the 10 biggest health problem in this modern century, where groups at high risk of anemia are women of childbearing age, pregnant women, school-age children and adolescents. The prevalence of anemia in
pregnant women in the world is 38.2% and this is one of the extreme health problems worldwide with the highest prevalence in Africa at 44.6% followed by Asia with a prevalence of 39.3%, in Indonesia in 2013 by 37.1% increased in 2018 to 48.9% according to (Amiruddin, 2018 and Riskesdas).
In 2013 pregnant women who experienced anemia in Indonesia were 37.1%, if anemia was grouped by age in 2018, namely the 15-24 year age group was 84.6%, the 25-34 year age group was 33.7%, the aged 35-44 years by 33.6% and the age group 45-54 years by 24% (Riskesdas 2013 and Ministry of Health 2020).
One of the food components that make up Hb, or red blood cells, is iron, this increases the risk of bleeding, anemia can occur in women, especially those who are pregnant (Fadlun, Feryanto, 2012 and RI Ministry of Health, 2015).
women, with inadequate iron consumption
The nutritional status of pregnant women will play a very important role in pregnancy for both the mother and the fetus, one of the important nutritional elements When pregnant is iron. The amount of Fe in newborns is approximately 300 mg and the amount needed by the mother to prevent anemia due to increased blood volume is 500mg. Therefore, health workers must be able to provide antenatal care services, because prenatal check-ups are one way to deal with anemia. One of the efforts for health workers to prevent anemia is by conducting counseling and counseling about the importance of consuming Fe tablets during pregnancy and being able to perform ANC services. properly and correctly in accordance with health service standards
(Lubis 2003, Rifai 2012, Suparyanto 2012, and Sandjaja 2015).
Based on the background above, the researcher is interested in conducting a study entitled The Relationship between the Level of Awareness of Pregnant Women and the Importance of Consumption of Fe Patches in the Prevention of Anemia
RESEARCH METHODS
The research method used is a literature study research method with a systematic literature review qualitative approach. The steps in the Systematic Literature Review method are:
planning/identification, search and selection of primary data, extraction, data and data synthesis. After the selection, 17 journals that met the criteria were obtained, each representing the effect of giving Fe tablets to reduce anemia in pregnant women, then a review was carried out.
This research was carried out from 10 August 2023 to 23 August 2023 and was carried out at home by reviewing online literature.
The data in this study uses a literature study that focuses on explainingThe relationship between the level of awareness of pregnant women and the importance of consuming Fe tablets in preventing anemia. The data source in this study uses secondary data obtained from journal documents and also the internet.Data collection in this study used
secondary data, through literature, documents, and was considered complete, relevant and clear.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The results of this literature review were conducted to analyze the relationship between adherence to consumption of Fe tablets and the incidence of anemia in pregnant women. The collected literature was analyzed using the Critical Appraisal table to answer the purpose of the measurement and compared with the results of simple measurements.
Critical Appraisal Analysis there are 17 literature from journals that discuss aboutrelationship between the level of awareness of pregnant women on the importance of consumption of Fe tablets in preventing anemia. All of these journals are national and international journals which are searched on various portals by typing in the keywords "awareness level of pregnant women regarding fe tablets", "fe tablets in pregnant women", "anemia in pregnant women", and "the importance of fe tablets in preventing anemia in pregnant women” which is then analyzed using critical appraisal analysis to analyze from the core of the journal, the results of the study so that we know the similarities and differences of these journals.
In total, a literature review of 17 journals concerning the Relationship between Awareness Level of Pregnant Women and the Importance of Consumption of Fe Tablets in the Prevention of Anemia reports that there are several pregnant women who consume Fe tablets regularly to prevent anemia during pregnancy and during delivery. So it is imperative that pregnant women
regularly consume Fe tablets to overcome the occurrence of anemia with correct and appropriate management.
A mother of productive age (20-35 years) will be more emotionally and psychologically mature and her reproductive organs will have developed optimally so that she is ready physically and mentally to undergo the process of pregnancy, childbirth and childbirth.
Age also greatly influences the behavior of pregnant women, where the older a person gets, the more knowledgeable and better they are, a mother who is mature in age will have a higher mindset to pay attention to her own health (Galaupa, 2019). Meanwhile, pregnant women who are too young (<20 years) will be disturbed by the condition of their pregnancy, this is related to the maturity of the reproductive organs such as the uterus and pelvis which have not grown to reach their adult size and psychological condition, especially the readiness of a mother to accept her pregnancy.
The results of this study are also comparable to the results of research (Rahmadhani, 2019) with the research title The Relationship of Knowledge Level, Fe Intake and Compliance in Consuming Fe Tablets Against the Incidence of Anemia in Pregnant Women in the Work Area of the Padang City Water Children's Health Center in 2019. Based on the data processing of the characteristic frequency distribution Respondents of pregnant women at the Padang City Water Children's Health Center showed that the majority (69.2%) of respondents were aged 20-35 years.
There are several things that can affect the occurrence of anemia in pregnant women.
First, the low level of knowledge of a mother is
influenced by the last educational factor, so that the education level of pregnant women will also affect her knowledge about anemia. Second, the level of work will also affect the level of knowledge about anemia in pregnant women.
Therefore, these factors greatly influence the level of knowledge. Efforts by health educators to increase the knowledge of pregnant women, preferably in conveying information using language that is easy to understand so that the information obtained by patients can be well understood. This can also be done by providing brochures, leaflets and holding discussions with pregnant women. Besides that,
Nausea due to the smell of Fe tablets, forgetting to take Fe tablets and having hard and black bowel movements were also the reasons respondents did not consume Fe tablets as recommended by health workers. Therefore, the knowledge of a pregnant woman about the correct dosage, the correct way of taking it, the timeliness, the side effects of using Fe tablets and knowledge about other anemias needs to be improved so that pregnant women can consume Fe tablets regularly according to the recommendations of health workers.
Compliance of pregnant women in consuming Fe tablets is their adherence to the recommendations of health workers to consume one tablet of Fe tablets a day, at least 90 tablets in 90 days during pregnancy, then health workers provide nutritional counseling at every antenatal visit about the need to take iron tablets and foods containing iron. iron, family support is also needed for pregnant women to increase adherence to consuming Fe tablets and eating foods that are sources of iron, this adherence can be due to good knowledge about anemia so that they can increase their awareness in preventing
anemia and follow recommendations to regularly consume Fe tablets so that behavior this will affect the decrease in the incidence of anemia in pregnant women (Erwin 2017, Triyani 2016, Putri 2016, and Purbadewi 2013).
CONCLUSION
Based on the results of the literature study, it can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between the knowledge of pregnant women and adherence to consuming Fe tablets with the prevention of anemia in pregnant women. As for the results of the literature review of the relationship between the level of awareness of pregnant women and the importance of consumption of Fe tablets in preventing anemia, it has a significant effect or effectiveness in preventing anemia in pregnant women.
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