RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PHYSICAL CLASSROOM ENVIRONMENT AND STUDENTS’ LEARNING BEHAVIOR IN ENGLISH TEACHING LEARNING ACTIVITY
A Study at SMA PGRI 1 PADANG Oleh:
ULSI ADRIANI(*) Dibimbing Oleh:
Dra. Yelfiza M.Pd(**) Syayid Sandi Sukandi S.S M.A(**)
English Department
College of Teacher Training and Education (STKIP) PGRI West Sumatera
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ABSTRAK
Penulisan skripsi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui lingkungan fisik kelas, tingkah laku siswa dalam belaar, dan hubungan antara lingkungan fisik kelas dan tingkah laku siswa dalam belajar. Dalam hal ini, keadaan tersebut dapat dilihat dari lingkungan fisik kelas dan tingkah laku siswa dalam belajar. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode descriptivedan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling untuk pemilihan participant dalam penelitian ini. Untuk pengumpulan data, peneliti menggunakan dua instrument yaitu observasi dan wawancara tidak terstruktur berbentuk open-ended interview berbentuk angket. Observasi dilakukan oleh peneliti sendiri dengan masuk ke dalam ruangan kelas. Pada saat observasi peneliti menggunakan kamera digital untuk mengambil photo dan video.Dalam observasi peneliti juga mengungakan field note dan peneliti juga melakukan interview tidak terstruktur kepada siswa dengan menyebarkan pertanyaan yang berbentuk open-ended interview berbentuk angket kepada siswa. Kedua instrumen tersebut digunakan untuk melihat bentuk lingkungan fisik kelas, tingkah laku siswa dalam belajar, dan juga hubungan antara lingkungan fisik kelas dan tingkah laku siswa. Setelah itu, peneliti melakukan tahap analisa data deskriptif yang terdapat dalam bukuGay and Airasian.Hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa lingkungan fisik kelas yang tergolong baik membuat siswa nyaman di kelas dan fokus dalam belajar, sehingga kelas tersebut mempunyai siswa yang umumnya berprilaku baik (engagement). Sebaliknya, kelas yang mempunyai lingkungan kelas yang tergolong buruk membuat siswa tidak nyaman dan sulit fokus dalam belajar sehingga membuat siswa mempunyai prilaku buruk (disruptive)dalam belajar.
Keywords:Lingkungan fisik kelas, standar lingkungan fisik kelas, tingkah laku siswa, jenis-jenis tingkah laku siswa, pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris
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(*) Penulis (**) Pembimbing
INTRODUCTION
Learning behavior is one of the important aspects in teaching learning process. Ellis and Janet (2009:67) state that, learning behavior have influences for the cognitive, emotional or students’ feeling and social context. Learning behavior can influence emotion because in learning behavior the students get experience from surrounding that make their emotion and feeling change. Learning behavior also influences students’ cognitive skills because the students will give response for what they learn from their teachers at schools. Therefore, learning behavior have influences for the students to get new experience and increase their skill based on what they learn in social life.
The students get many factors that influences their learning behavior. Internal and external factor have same influence for learning behavior. Internal factors are the behavior based on the student’s self, these are like biological factors, emotional factors, and traumatic factors. Moreover, external factors such as family environment, and social environment are the important point that change students’ behavior. For the students, school environment is their social environment because in school, the students spent their time to interact with other people.
Classroom is the social place in school environment because in classroom the students have interact with other people. In the classroom students’ behavior maybe different because in classroom thus are many people with different characteristics. It is a challenge for teacher to be creative to manage their students and their class. For example, the students who often feel bored in classroom will disturb other students to relieve it. This behavior can make the situation in the classroom to be noisy. Therefore, students need teacher that have discipline rule in classroom. Learning behavior in the school also needs the teacher to help the students manage their behavior to learn.
Students’ learning behavior is important point to make teaching learning activity to be effective. Therefore, there are many factors to make students’ learning behavior to be good.
Physical classroom environment is one of the important aspect that have relationship with students’ learning behavior in teaching learning activity. In addition, the purpose of the research are to analyze physical classroom environment, to analyze students’ learning behavior, and to analyze relationship between
physical classroom environment and students’
learning behavior at SMA PGRI 1 Padang.
REVIEW OF THE RELATED LITERATURE A. Students’ Learning Behavior
Learning behavior is the students’
activity in their learning environment.
According McLeod (2003 : 63) learning behavior is the students’ way to learn in their social environment. The theory shows that each student has different ways to get knowledge from their social environment. It is means that, learning behavior have effect for students’ interaction in social environment.
Therefore, learning behavior is the students show their action to get knowledge and interact with other people in social environment. Leech (2003:3) explain that, learning behavior can explain how the students act in social situation that have impact to another person in teaching learning activity. Moreover, this this theory supported by, Ming-Tak (2008:4) state that, “learning behavior is the action or reactions of students as the participant in learning environment.”
The theory explains that, learning behavior is the students act and gives respond to other people in social environment which can have the impact for the other people surrounding their environment. Students are the social human that have different behavior. Therefore, in classroom the teachers can find many variety of students’ behavior in learning.
According Cangelossi, (2004:10) in teaching learning activity in classroom the students have four types of students’ learning behavior, there are on-task, off-task, engagement, and disruptive. On-task and off-task are students behavior when did the task. Therefore, engagement and disruptive behavior are the students’ behavior during teaching learning activity in classroom. The students who make the task based on their ability are the students on-task. Besides, the students who did not make the task and cheat are the students off-task. In addition, engagement are the students who have good behavior. Disruptive are the students who have bad behavior.
Marzano,et all(2005 : 72-76) state that, there are five types of students behavior in classroom, they are; passive, aggressive, attention problems, perfectionist, and socially inept. In addition, each students have different feeling that make the teachers should understand about what they feel. Therefore, the students who express their feeling help the teachers improve their ability and creativity to
manage their students and their class. The students who express what they feel also make the teachers and other students easy to understand what they want and need. in teaching learning activity the students have different types of behavior in learning. There are the students’ on-task, students’ off-task, students’ engagement, and students disruptive.
B. Physical Classroom Environment
Physical environment is the important point to make all human in some room environment to be comfortable and safe.
In physical classroom environment, students and teachers as the community in the environment have responsibility to keep their room to be clean, comfortable, and safe.
According to Walters (2007 : 33) physical classroom environment is a place that has effect to feel safe and comfortable. Teacher as the leader in classroom must manage their room to be safe and comfort for teaching and learning activity. The school also has responsibility to keep and increase the facility as one of the point in physical environment to make students easy to get some knowledge.
Physical classroom environment not only how the teacher and students keep classroom’s cleaning and neat, but also how the teacher and students arrange the room.
Ahlers (2008:83) explain that. Physical classroom environment is the physical structure in some room. Kauchak (2010:190) also has same statement with Ahlers. Kauchak said that, physical classroom is the arrangement of room that makes all people in room to be comfort and safe. Some rooms that have good structure not only make all people in the room to be comfort but also feel safe.
There are many standards that should have in physical classroom environment. Cohen (2004:343) explain that, physical classroom environment are need good structure, organizing, and use facilitate that have benefit for teaching learning activity. Physical classroom environment is the important point that should manage for the teachers. Good structure in physical classroom can make the atmosphere in classroom to be attractive. The classrooms which have good facilities also improve creativity in teaching learning activity.
In addition, physical classroom environment is the important aspect that have influences for students’ concentration to learn in classroom. Ming-Tak, (2008:49) also shows that there are many standards that should have in physical classroom environment ;the arrangement of the desk, the decoration and
facilitate, classroom temperature, and any aspects of the room arrangements which are potentially harmful to people when they move around should be avoided. Safe classroom is the important point to manage the physical classroom environment. Safe classroom make the students feel comfort and safe. Therefore, it can make the students calm in teaching learning activity and make the students easy to focus.
C. Relationship Between Physical Classroom Environment and Students’
Learning Behavior.
Physical classroom environment is the one factor that influence to students’ learning behavior in classroom. Corbin (2008:98) state that, physical classroom environment has a direct impact on learning which caused to students’ emotional and comfortable. It means that, physical classroom environment have effect to students’ emotional. Comfortable environment make the students comfort and have spirit in learning. In addition, O’Donnel (2011:189) also state that, physical classroom environment have function to make students comfortable and feel safe in classroom.
Physical classroom environment have aspect that make students feel safe in classroom.
Aspects physical classroom environment such as, temperature, arrangement, and noisy level are the factor that make students feel safe and comfortable in classroom.
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hysical classroom environment also have factor that make students easy or difficult in learning.Westwood (2004 : 58) said that, physical classroom environment have factors to make learning easier or difficult. It means that, physical classroom environment have aspects that make learning in classroom to effective.
Physical classroom environment sometime disturb teaching learning activity. For example, arrangement in classroom should be help the teacher observe their students and help the students paying attention to the lesson. Then, classroom which have cold temperature maybe make students easy to sleep in classroom. Therefore, physical classroom environment need teachers as leader in classroom to manage classroom.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Descriptive was a research design for this research. In this research, the researcher describe physical classroom environment, students’ learning behavior, and relationship between physical classroom environment and students’ learning behavior. In this research,
the researcher chose classrooms and students at SMA PGRI 1 Padang as the participants in this research. In this research, the researcher did not explain all participants. The researcher chose participants by purposive sampling. It means that, in addition, researcher chose the participants as needed or desired. In this case, the researcher chose two classrooms with different physical environment. There are Classroom X.7 as Classroom 1 and Classroom X.9 as Classroom 2.
In this research. To getting the related data, the researcher used the observation (photo, field note, and video) and unstructured interview with open-ended interview on questionnaire as the instruments. In this research, the researcher choose two classroom and the students as participants. Moreover, the researcher collected the data through observation (Photo,field note,and video) and unstructured interview in open-ended on questionnaire and the researcher analyze the data by using reading/memoing, describing, classifying and interpreting.
FINDINGS
The finding of this research was physical classroom environment had two characteristics, there are good physical classroom environment and bad physical classroom environment. Classroom 1 have good physical classroom environment because the classroom had neat arrangement and had facility that keep temperature in classroom to be fresh such as fan, flower or plants outside the classroom. Furthermore, classroom 1 had some decoration such as picture and motivation word. Classroom 1 also have things that keep the classroom clean such as broom and trash can. Whereas, classroom 2 have bad physical classroom environment because this classroom had untidy arrangement, and hot temperature because this classroom did not facility that keep temperature in classroom. In addition, classroom 2 had old decoration and did not have facility to keep classroom to be clean.
In addition, students’ learning behavior divide on four types, there are engagement, disruptive, on-task, and off-task.Students’
learning behavior both of these classrooms have variety behavior. In classroom 1, almost all students had engagement behavior because the students in this classroom focused and payed attention to the lesson. Therefore, less of the students in classroom 1 had disruptive behavior. In classroom 1, almost all students had off-task behavior. It could be known from
many students in this classroom cheat and made individual task like group task.
Meanwhile, in classroom 2, almost all students have disruptive behavior because in classroom 2 many students did not focus in learning. Classroom 2 also had less students who have engagement behavior. In classroom 2 almost all students’ behavior when doing the task have situation with students’ behavior in classroom 1.
The researcher also found the data about relationship between physical classroom environment and students’ learning behavior both of the classes. In classroom 1, many students had engagement behavior. It was happen because eighteen students in classroom 1 explain that, they like and interesting to learn English because they realize the function of language and they easy to understand this lesson because their teachers. Sixteen students in classroom 1 also explain that, classroom environment are the factor that make them focus in learning.
Therefore, classroom 1 whose have good physical classroom environment have factors that make many students in this classroom had engagement behavior.
In other hand, in classroom 2, many students had disruptive behavior. It happened because twelve students in classroom state that, physical classroom environment is the factors that help them to be focus and have concentration in learning. Physical classroom environment in classroom 2 include to bad physical classroom environment that make some of students in classroom 2 had disruptive behavior. Besides, classroom 2 also have the students who have engagement behavior. It was happen because eighteen students in classroom like learning English because their teacher and some of the students in classroom 2 realize the function of English language for their future. Therefore, it make them have motivation for themself to focus in learning English.
CONCLUSION
Then, from finding above, the researcher concludes that the physical classroom environment at SMA PGRI 1 Padang divide on two characteristics. There are good physical classroom environment and bad physical classroom environment. In classroom which good physical classroom environment have comfortable environment because the classroom neat, clean, and have fresh temperature. The classroom which bad physical classroom environment have
uncomfortable environment because the classroom untidy, unclean, and have warn temperature. In addition, the researcher found different students’ learning behavior both of classroom. Most of students in classroom 1 as the classroom which have good physical classroom environment have engagement behavior. It could be happen because some of the students in classroom feel comfortable and easy to focus in learning with good physical environment. Therefore, most of the students in classroom 2 as the classroom which have bad physical classroom environment have disruptive behavior. It was happen because some of the students in classroom 2 feel uncomfortable and can not focus with bad physical classroom environment.
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