The Relevance of Pancasila as the Basis for the Development of Participant Civic Culture towards Millennial Generation

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The Relevance of Pancasila as the Basis for the Development of Participant Civic Culture towards Millennial Generation

Maqrifa Wahyu Perdana¹, Marzuki²

1)2)Faculty of Social Science, Yogyakarta State University, Indonesia email: ¹⁾[email protected] ; ²⁾[email protected]

Abstract.

This study aims to describe the relevance of Pancasila as the basis for the development of participant civic culture towards the millennial generation. This research is qualitative research with a phenomenology research design. The subject of this study consisted of Civic Education teachers, community personage, political observers, members of the Pancasila Lovers Community, and members of a youth organization in Kediri City, East Java. In-depth interviews and documentation were used as data collection techniques. The data were then analyzed by using the interactive analysis model developed by Miles and Huberman. The results of this study showed that Pancasila is still perceived as the basis for the development of the participant civic culture of the Indonesian millennial generation until today. This can be seen from the attitudes and actions of the millennial generation that reflect the five principles of Pancasila, both at schools and in the community. The relevance of Pancasila as the basis in developing the awareness and the political participation among the millennial generation can be seen from the Civic Education learning carried out by teachers at school. Meanwhile, in the community, this can be seen from the activities that they are involved in, such as expressing their aspiration, voting, engaging in public discussions and in some organizations. Through these activities, it is expected that Pancasila will stay relevant to the future Indonesian generation and be able to induce high participation and patriotism among them.

Keywords: Pancasila, Civic Culture, Millennial Generation.

1. Introduction

In the digital era, there are some challenges faced globally, including by Indonesia.

These challenges can either bring benefits or harms to the nation. Indonesia, thus, must be able to find solutions for these, by referring to the Pancasila, which is the core ideology of Indonesia, reflecting Indonesian characteristics (Mardawani & Veronika, 2019). Pancasila, as stated in the Preamble of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, is the state’s philosophy. The founders of Indonesia saw Pancasila as a special object whose values are applicable in the Indonesian community (Suaila & Krisnan, 2019). According to Hanum (2019), ontologically, the principles of Pancasila were set according to basic life values. The belief in God was put in the first and foremost principle, humanity in the second principle, unity in the third principle, the people in the fourth principle, and justice in the fifth principle.

Pancasila constitutes national commitment and identity. It becomes the basis for the character development of the Indonesian community (Anggraini, Fathari, Anggara, & Al Amin, 2020). Having different understandings of the ideology can result in different responses towards national issues among public and political elites, especially in the political field (Hastangka, 2018). The community’s responses towards the government’s policies based on each individual’s political knowledge reflect their awareness and participation as a citizen as well as the civic culture that takes place in the country.

Civic culture is also known as political culture, and political culture that should be established in Indonesia is participant political culture. The key to achieving this is to stimulate the participation of the millennial generation as the nation’s agents of change for a better government system. One study supporting this statement is conducted by Bramantyo and Suwarno (2020) at SMAN 7 Kota Kediri, in which the Civic Education’s teachers teach their students the ability to think critically so that democratic attitudes and high political awareness will develop in them. In this digital era, the actions of the younger generation or millennial

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‘‘Opportunities and Challenges for Sustainable Learning, Research and Community Service in Covid-19 Pandemic Constraints’

137 generation are seen as part of Indonesian responses to the global challenges at the national level (Latif, 2018).

Indonesian society is a plural society, including Kediri, a city in East Java. Realizing a harmonious plural community life is, however, challenging because of several factors, such as social, political, educational, and economic. The involvement of various parties, such as government, religious leaders, community groups, as well as the millennial generation is, therefore, necessary to realize harmony (Wiranata & Marzuki, 2018). The participation of the millennial generation, in particular, should be increased since the nation’s future is in their hand. With their help, Indonesia’s potential to create a harmonious, democratic, safe, and peaceful country will be great (Pasaribu & Lumbanraja, 2020). This study is therefore conducted to discuss the relevance of Pancasila as the basis for the development of participant civic culture among the millennial generation.

2. Method

This study used a descriptive qualitative approach with a phenomenological research design. This study emphasizes the analysis of phenomena or experiences occurring in everyday life related to today’s relevance of Pancasila as the basis for the development of participant civic culture among the millennial generation, especially in Kediri City, East Java. The research participants were Civic Education teachers, community personage, political observer, members of the Pancasila Lovers Community, and members of a youth organization, which were selected using the purposive sampling technique. The techniques of data collection used in this study were in-depth interviews and documentation. The interactive analysis model proposed by Miles and Huberman was then used to analyze the data. The types of data used were primary and secondary data sources. Primary data was obtained from in-depth interviews, while secondary data was obtained from documents, such as activity reports, articles, and books related to the topic.

3. Results and Discussion

Civic culture has a broad concept that not only examines the elements of political culture to form a modern democratic system but also the potential roles of citizens who choose to be non-political and tend to be apathetic to politics (Sparks & Walniuk, 2017). Civic culture is also known as political culture, as stated by Hidayat and Budimansyah’s (2017) that civic culture is defined as a form of community involvement in supporting government programs into the political culture. Participant political culture is characterized by high political awareness of oneself or others as active members of politics (Arianto, 2017).

Based on the interviews with several informants, it was found out that Pancasila is still perceived to be a relevant basis for the development of participant civic culture among the Indonesian millennial generation. Internalizing the values of Pancasila in the millennial generation is thus important so that the millennial generation can practice them in life.

According to Nurjanah (2017), internalizing the values of Pancasila to the millennial generation requires the cooperation of every element of society, family, school, and government to create a participatory millennial generation. The internalization can be done through some activities, such as seminars, workshops, and Pancasila congress (Lestari, Janah & Wardani, 2019). The relevance of Pancasila with participant civic culture at schools is reflected through Pancasila and Civic Education learning, which helps build the citizen’s political participation.

Soetrisnaadisendjaja, Juwandi, and Badrusalam (2019) explain that the Civic Education as democratic education has a positive influence on student participation in school. Citizenship Education has a very important role in foresting and developing a person’s mindset, attitude, and behavior as a good citizen (Pangalila, 2017).

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138 Based on the interviews with a Civic Education teacher in Kediri, it was found out that the values in Pancasila’s principles are still believed to be the relevant basis for inducing the citizens’ participation. Increasing the millennial generation’s participation at schools can be done by teachers as a facilitator in learning activities and as a role model in school activities showing how a citizen’s attitude should be, so that it will be internalized and practiced by the students, even when they are outside school. Murdiono, Suyato, and Arpanudin (2020) explained Civic Education teachers play a crucial role in implementing the strategies to build and strengthen the spirit of nationalism in the classroom among the millennial generation. The development of participant civic culture carried out by Civic Education teachers is usually done through a citizenship project as school assignments. In the assignment, students can do mini research by analyzing and finding solutions to the issues in society. This assignment can help students practice and comprehend the values of Pancasila well.

The Civic Education learning carried out by teachers affects the participation of the younger generation in determining attitudes to democracy in Indonesia. The participatory millennial generation, especially those with the status of first-time voters, have a major contribution to determine the direction of democracy in Indonesia (Riskiyono, 2015). This is in accordance with the research conducted by Napitupulu and Sagala (2019) on 200 beginner voters in three high schools and two universities in Medan City by taking a case study on the election for governor and deputy governor of North Sumatera in 2018, showing that there is an influence between Civic Education and the participation rate of first-time voters in general elections. This statement is also supported by Susanto (2016) that there is a positive relationship between Citizenship Education learning and the development of civic disposition for public high school students in Bandar Lampung. Based on these two statements, it can be interpreted that if Citizenship Education is well-comprehended by first-time voters, the participation rate will be higher accordingly.

Public participation can act as a form of collective control over the Indonesian government’s performance (Khairi, 2017). Therefore, internalizing the values of Pancasila to the community leading to daily implementations can increase the democratic practices in Indonesia. Based on interviews with community personage in Kediri City, the willingness to participate in politics among the millennial generation is a manifestation of Pancasila principles’ practices in everyday life. It is reflected in a mass demonstration against Omnibus Law in several areas of Kediri in October 2020. Many young people took to the streets to voice their rejection of the government’s policy, showing that they have awareness and a strong desire for a better country. According to a political observer in Kediri City, when young people do not really understand or care about the ideology of Pancasila, they will not care about the country either. However, the demonstration on Omnibus Law a couple of months ago is evidence for participant political culture among the millennials, showing that they understand and apply the values of humanity, unity, society, and justice of Pancasila. Thus, it can be said that Pancasila is still relevant to build participant civic culture among citizens, including the millennial generation.

Meinarno & Mashoedi (2016) prove there is a relationship between the five principles of Pancasila with citizenship, which is seen in the community, including in the younger generation. This indicates that the younger generation in Indonesia still understands the importance of the values in Pancasila’s five principles and the concept of citizenship in Indonesia. According to the members of the Pancasila Lovers Community (KITA), the millennial generation should be involved in evaluating the performance of the government as a form of citizen participation. According to Musarovah (2017), there are a number of things that the younger generation can do as a form of participation, such as joining a community organization, social group, or discussion forum to express their voices. In the KITA community, there are several activities that can be carried out to encourage the participation of the

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139 millennial generation, such as holding focus group discussions, doing social service, peace visits inter-community, and discussing local and national issues on social media.

Social media as a medium of interaction also enable Indonesians to find information and understand the ideology of Pancasila from various sources on the internet (Saputra, 2019).

Laksmitha and Susanto (2019) said that the millennial generation’s online participation is high because most of them use social media to search for information, and online information travels fast. In addition, expressing their opinions on politics on social media is very easy. This is also in line with the statement of Novitasari (2018) that social media can be used by the millennial generation as a medium to share information and aspirations. Twitter, for example, is popular among the youth as a platform to find the latest news on politics, economy, and culture, which are then used as their discussion topic in their community. According to Roza (2020), the use of social media can expand and strengthen the influence of political participation of the millennials because of the large availability of opportunities and characteristics of communication in the digital world. An absolute requirement for Pancasila to reside in the souls of the millennial generation is a communication model and a more constructive, dialogical, and contemporary approach is needed to keep up with the times (Tilasanti, 2019).

Based on the interviews with members of a youth organization in Kediri City, it was found that developing the attitude of the millennial generation as participants can be done through several activities, such as participating in the election, being involved in a voting committee or polling organizers, raising funds during disasters in affected areas in Indonesia, or distributing masks and basic life necessities to the people whose lives affected by the COVID- 19 pandemic. Based on the interview with several informants and some supporting documentation, it can be said that Pancasila is still a relevant basis for developing a participatory millennial generation of the Indonesian nation and state, especially in the political sector. However, Pancasila is not only used as a basis for the development of participant civic culture. According to Chotimah (2017), Pancasila through Civic Education learning has a correlation with patriotic character development with political awareness, legal awareness, and moral awareness. In addition, Nurdin (2015) explained that Pancasila is also a basis for developing pro-social attitudes among citizens so that they care about the community.

4. Conclusions

To establish the participant civic culture, it is important to internalize the values of Pancasila to all community members, including the millennial generation. Once the values have been internalized, they will be reflected through the Millenials’ everyday actions. Good understanding of the values along with good daily practices of Pancasila values are thus highly necessary to build participant political culture. Public political awareness and active political participation can also be increased through internalization and practices; hence, these young people can take part in monitoring and safeguarding the government’s performance. The millennial generation with participant civic culture comes from an independent spirit based on the internalization and practice of Pancasila values. In this study, the participant civic culture shown by the millennial generation is in the form of participation in conveying aspirations, voting in elections, engaging in public discussions, and being actively involved in a community or organization.

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