This research is aimed to know the influence of improving students’ vocabulary between Instagram and TikTok of the senior high school students.

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SKETCH JOURNAL: Journal of English Teaching, Literature and Linguistics Volume 1 Nomor 1 (2021)

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ANALYSIS REGRESSION AND PATH MODEL: THE INFLUENCE BOTH INSTAGRAM AND TIKTOK IN IMPROVING STUDENTS’ VOCABULARY

M Saufi Rahman

English Education Department, STAI Rasyidiyah Khalidiyah Amuntai, South Kalimantan, Indonesia

Email: msaufirahman87@gmail.com

Abstract

This research is aimed to know the influence of improving students’ vocabulary between Instagram and TikTok of the senior high school students. The type of this research was non-experimental research. The instruments of this research include contents, contexts, needed, expression and interest.

The research was carried out in July-September of 2021. The method used in this study was a correlational study Regression design and created Path of correlation. The population was all of the students SMAN 1 Amuntai in the academic year of 2021/2022 which consists of 16 classes. The sample was 62 students taken by the Purposive random sampling technique. The instruments in collecting the data were questioner. The questioner was used to collect the data of influence between Instagram and TikTok to improving students’ vocabulary. The technique which was used to analyze the data was Linear Regression analysis Statistic by using SPSS 25 and created path analysis model by using Lisrel 9.5. The research result showed that there is an influence correlation between Instagram and TikTok of improving student’s vocabulary. The correlation is positive and significant.

The result of the hypotheses test showed that the coefficient of correlation is 0.698 and the total effective contribution of Instagram and TikTok is 68%. The significance of F is 0.014 < 0.05. It means that Ho is rejected. So, there is a positive correlation between Instagram and TikTok of Improving Students’ Vocabulary in the academic year of 2021/2022. Regarding the result of the research, it can be concluded that Instagram has a positive contribution to Improving Students’ Vocabulary is 0.49.

That TikTok has a positive contribution to Improving Students’ Vocabulary is 0.15. The influencing correlation Instagram and TikTok together on the Improving Students’ Vocabulary are 0.22. The categories obtained in accordance with the terms and criteria of goodness of fit showed Model is FIT result, that a) Chi-Square Statistics < 2df is 108.62, b) degree of freedom is 86, c) P-Value is 0.05022 (≥0.05), d) RMSE is 0.065 (≤0.08), e) NFI is 0.900 (>0.90), f) NNFI is 0.967 (>0.90), g) CFI is 0.977 (>0.90), h) IFI is 0.977 (>0.90) i) RFI is 0.961 (>0.90), and j) GFI is 0.908 (>0.90).

Keyword: Instagram, TikTok, Vocabulary, Regression, Path Analysis

A. INTRODUCTION

Nowadays, we live in the globalization era or it could be called the modernization era.

In this modernization era, English is part of international languages. Especially in Indonesia, English is a foreign language that more schools thought the English language in the curriculum. Learning English is very important for us because the English language is used for communication in international affairs. Almost all nations in the whole world use the

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11 English language. Language is very important in the life of society, especially to interact with each other. Human language can convey wishes, expressing ideas and emotions to others by using words or vocabulary. Vocabulary, as one of the knowledge areas in language, plays a great role for learners in acquiring a language. In learning a language, students who are rich in vocabulary will be successful in four skills: speaking, writing, reading, and listening.

In learning a foreign language, vocabulary plays an important role. It is one element that links the four language skills of reading, speaking, writing and listening all together. To communicate well in a foreign language. Vocabulary is the basic skill that must be reached by students in order to get other language skills. By mastering vocabulary, we will know meaning and understand what a person to say. It is difficult to master the other competencies without mastering and understanding the vocabulary.

In daily life, recently students often discover new vocabulary through various online tools, one of most of these is social media. We all know that the phenomenon of the use of social media among students occurs. Nowadays, the young generation becomes celebrity on their own. It is really obvious that social media has very important role to interest anybody in spending their hours on it, this situation is exacerbated by pandemic that occurs. There are many kinds of social media found and used nowadays. Among the vast variety of online tools which are available for communication, Instagram and Tiktok have become the most modern and attractive tools for connecting people throughout the world.

Instagram is one of the popular social networking sites that exemplify wide-ranging, attractive and innovative web-based services. Instagram is a photo and video sharing social media site. Matthew & Pittman (2016) and Hiram Ting (2015) said that Instagram is one of the most popular social media channels for teens today and there are more than 400 million active users on Instagram. In a relatively short time, Instagram has attracted many people to use it. Instagram as the most used social media among students is an online mobile photo- sharing and video-sharing, provides a variety of short messages on a myriad of subjects that can be read, therefore users are exposed to reading new words, facing turns of phrase, and jargon, which all helps in building and expanding the English vocabulary. Azwar and Sulthonah (2018) and Marlina & Sirait (2018) Instagram was designed for mobile use with the intention that users would take photos on their mobile devices then upload the images

“instantly” through the Instagram app.

Instagram is a social media application that allows people to share with others their daily life activities by the feature to post some picture and video by including some caption instantly. Alfiandy (2017:3) Instagram reaches the younger generation and appeals to diverse societies more prevailingly than other social networking services. This is likely because young mobile users are extremely driven to take photos or pictures using their mobile phones and share them with others instantly. As such, the sharing of images rather than words alone

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12 has made communication with friends and broader groups of users who share similar interests more ideal, convenient and fascinating. Related to the language, just as social media like Instagram alters the usage of our language, so, too, does it introduce new usage and vocabulary.

Tiktok is a social media as audio-visual media, which is media that can be seen and can be heard. Tiktok is an application that provides special and unique effects to create an interesting short video. Tiktok application is a social network and music video platform from China. Huining (2020) and Susilowati (2018) Tiktok launched in September 2016 and established itself as the most downloaded application.

Miftahul (2020) said that Tiktok social media application, there are many kinds of video content that are presented there, not only seeing and mimicking, they can also create their own videos easily. They can pour various creative videos according to their ideas and imagination. Not only about unique videos, dancing, lip sync, etc. Furthermore, students can learn with watching the video, posting some videos, and also interacting with other users through the comments.

Henley (2010) and Khan, et.al (2018) Social media has many positive effects such as give the freedom to someone to speak in the internet while also allowing someone to become more updated with the news around the world or just form a companionship with their friends. Instagram and Tiktok as communication tool can be used in the form of advertising and news that shows many vocabularies

Abbasova (2016), Rizky T. Sari (2019), and Ayaz & Khan (2016) that’s interaction on social media helps in improving learners’ vocabulary and literacy skills as it gives opportunities to engage with the language.its mean, students can improve their vocabulary mastery through social media especially Instagram and Tiktok.

Neuman & Dwyer (2011), Hornby (1995), Elfrieda & Michael (2005), Hatch and Brown (1995), and Nunan (1998) mastery vocabulary can be list of words with their meanings and must know to communicate effectively (expressive vocabulary and receptive vocabulary) and needed to express our ideas and to be able to understand other people's sayings. The first type of vocabulary refers to the one that the students have been taught and that they are expected to be able to use. Learners recognize and understand when they are used in context, but which they cannot produce. It is vocabulary that learners recognize when they see or meet in reading text but do not use it in speaking and writing.

The second one refers to the words which the students will recognize when they meet them, but which they will probably not be able to pronounce. Learners understand and can pronounce correctly and use constructively in speaking and writing. It involves what is needed for receptive vocabulary plus the ability to speak or write at the appropriate time.So, vocabulary is the total number of words that are needed to communicate ideas and express

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13 the speakers' meaning. That is the reason why it is important to learn vocabulary. It is impossible for students to learning language well if they don’t have enough knowledge about vocabulary.

Allen French (1983) and Rivers in Mofareh (2015) vocabulary mastery refers to the great skill in processing words of a language. Vocabulary mastery means the students have ability in understanding and using the vocabulary and know the meaning and the specificity of any individual’s vocabulary knowledge depends on the person and his motivation, desires, and need for the words. It is an individual achievement and possession. According to Crystal (1999:165) classified there are some indicators of vocabulary mastery; Noun (Noun phrase), Pronoun, Verb, Preposition, Determiner, and Conjunction.

The first type of vocabulary refers to the one that the students have been taught and that they are expected to be able to use. Learners recognize and understand when they are used in context, but which they cannot produce. It is vocabulary that learners recognize when they see or meet in reading text but do not use it in speaking and writing.

The second one refers to the words which the students will recognize when they meet them, but which they will probably not be able to pronounce. Learners understand and can pronounce correctly and use constructively in speaking and writing. It involves what is needed for receptive vocabulary plus the ability to speak or write at the appropriate time.

Furthermore, more of the students did not have a high interest in learning vocabulary.

The class activity depends on textbooks that the lesson often makes the students get bored with the lesson and uninterested to learn. They were lazy to memorize the unfamiliar words that they heard or read in the text. But many students have social media like Instagram and Tiktok to communicate with their friends to get information or to entertain themselves. They spend their time by using social media especially Instagram and Tiktok.

The students’ vocabulary mastery is not only hope to know the words but also their meaning by those previous indicators which especially relates to vocabulary and sentences that are often used or found on social media especially Instagram and Tiktok. The larger vocabulary the students master, the better they perform their language. By mastering vocabulary, they can shape their English and think that English as one of their subjects at school.

It can be concluded that the students’ vocabulary mastery is not only hoped to know the words but also their meaning by those previous indicators which especially relates to vocabulary and sentences that are often used or found on social media especially Instagram and Tiktok. The larger vocabulary the students master, the better they perform their language.

By mastering vocabulary, they can shape their English and think that English as one of their subjects at school. From the information and problem above, the writers were interested in

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14 doing this study to find out the influence of social media Instagram and Tiktok on improving students’ vocabulary.

B. METHODS

The research method of this study is used Quantitative Approach with correlation using Regression Linier design between 3 (three) variables which 2 (two) independent variables and 1 (one) dependent variables. The population were all of students Senior High School (SMAN) 1 Amuntai. While the selection of samples used purposive random sampling, the technique amounted to 62 students who were X, XI, and XII classes. The collecting data using instrument non test based on 3 (three indicators of each independent variable. The technique of analysis data using to combining between LISREL and SPSS applications.

C. FINDING AND DISCUSSION 1. Finding

The respondents of this study 62 (Sixty-two) student, were X class were 31 students, XI class were 18 students and XII class 13 students. The classify and modeling the relationship between variables, where the Improving Students’ Vocabulary is the symbol Y variable, Instagram is symbol 𝑋₁ variable, and TikTok is symbol 𝑋₂ variable. Bellow the analysis.

The describes of the correlation between variables showed that the degree of closest relationship between the two variables and or indicator of the variable. The higher a positive and significant correlation between the V15 and V16, where the correlation value is 0.772. a positive and significant correlation between the V15 and V17, where the correlation value is 0.692. Meanwhile, then a positive and significant correlation between the V17 and V18, where the correlation value is 0.689.

Meanwhile, in the first stage will be taken an examination of the results of linear multiple regression analysis. Which of the stage is an examination of the fulfillment of assumptions, namely 1) normality of error (error following normal distribution function); 2) Constant Error Variance (error is homoscedasticity / no heteroskedasticity problem); 3) Absence of serial errors among observation errors (no autocorrelation problems); 4) There is no very high relationship (multicollinearity) between independent variables.

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15 There stages in conducting the examination are.

a. First assessment: Normality error

Figure. 1 Garfik Histogram Dependent Variable

From figure.1 the Histogram above showed that it can be visually concluded that the histogram distribution above has the normal distribution. Then to be more convincing we can see the normal chart PP Plot of Regression standardized Residual below.

Figure.2 Normal P-Plot of Regression

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16 Based on the normal chart PP Plot of Regression standardized Residual above it can be known that the data has split around a straight line across so it can be said that this assumption is fulfilled.

b. Second check: Constant Error Variance (error is homoskedasity / no problem heteroskedasity)

Figure. 3 Scratterplot

From the results of testing and examinations hatched with graph methods, it appears that the distribution of data is random and does not form a particular pattern.

c. Third examination: Absence of serial errors (no autocorrelation problems) Tabel.1 Model Summary

Model Summary^b

Mod

el R

R Squar

e

Adjuste d R Square

Std.

Error of the Estimat

e

Change Statistics

Durbi n- Watso

n R

Squar e Chang

e

F Chang

e

df1 df2

Sig. F Chang

e

1 .698

a 0.487 0.272 0.647 0.487 2.268 18 43 0.014 2.228 a. Predictors: (Constant), V19, V13, V7, V9, V2, V11, V6, V4, V5, V10, V17, V3, V8, V12, V16, V14, V15, V18

b. Dependent Variable: V1

Based on the results of the table.5, it is known that durbin Watson's calculating value is 2.228. This means that the calculated value is greater than the upper limit of

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17 Darbin Watson's table value (dL = 1.35; du = 1.53). Then durbin Watson's value calculated greater than (4 – 1.35 < 2.228 < 4 – 1.53). Therefore, it can be concluded that there is no decision or no negative autocorrelation.

Table. 2 ANOVA ANOVA^a

Model

Sum of

Squares Df

Mean

Square F Sig.

1 Regression 17.068 18 .948 2.268 .014^b

Residual 17.981 43 .418

Total 35.048 61

a. Dependent Variable: V1

b. Predictors: (Constant), V19, V13, V7, V9, V2, V11, V6, V4, V5, V10, V17, V3, V8, V12, V16, V14, V15, V18

Based on table. 6 it can be concluded that the value of significant < 0.05 is 0.014 and value of p-value statistics F > 0.014, then rejected H0 which can be interpreted together, Instagram and Tiktok have relation and significant influence on Improving Students’

Vocabulary.

Figure. 4 Path Diagram Model

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18 Table. 3 The Criteria of Good Path Analysis Model

Goodness of fit Index Cut-off Value Hasil yang diperoleh Katagori Chi-Square Statistics <

2df

< 172 108.62 Fit

Significance (P-Value) ≥ 0,05 0.05022 Fit

Root Mean Square Error of Approximation

(RMSEA

≤ 0,08 0.065 Fit

Normed Fit Index (NFI) >0.90 0.900 Fit

Non-Normed Fit Index (NNFI)

>0.90 0.967 Fit

Comparative Fit Index (CFI)

>0.90 0.977 Fit

Incremental Fit Index (IFI)

>0.90 0.977 Fit

Relative Fit Index (RFI) >0.90 0.961 Fit

Goodness of Fit Index (GFI)

>0.90 0.908 Fit

Based on the results of the analysis, showed that the value of correlation Instagram on Improving Students’ Vocabulary is 0.49 this is a good correlation. The value of the correlation of TikTok on Improving Students’ Vocabulary is 0.15 this is a positive correlation.

Then, showed that the path analysis model was developed to be the fit category (appropriate). This was in accordance with the categories obtained in accordance with the terms and criteria of goodness of fit, so that data and models can be said to be Fit (Fit).

2. Discussion

Instagram and Tiktok can improve of students’ quality learning, its mean that learning vocabulary using Instagram dan Tiktok can to integrate to process learning.

Based on the observation of Senior High School (SMA) students that they like to spend time and express themselves on social media. Social media that is familiar among students is Instagram and TikTok. Based on previous research that Instagram and TikTok can improve students’ quality of learning, which means that learning through Instagram and Tiktok can be integrated into learning. In this study, researchers created 19 questions

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19 to find their responses are the influence of Intagram and TikTok on Improving Students’

Vocabulary.

Based on the results of student responses and analysis using the SPSS and LISREL applications that the influence of Instagram and TikTok to Improving Students’

Vocabulary is as follows.

First, the correlation value between items has a good value or above 0.5. That there is the higher a positive and significant correlation between the V15 and V16, where the correlation value is 0.772. a positive and significant correlation between the V15 and V17, where the correlation value is 0.692. Meanwhile, then a positive and significant correlation between the V17 and V18, where the correlation value is 0.689.

Second, Durbin Watson's value calculated greater than (4 – 1.35 < 2,228 < 4 – 1.53).

Therefore, it can be concluded that there is no decision or no negative autocorrelation.

So, it can be said that Instagram and TikTok have an influence on Improving Students’

Vocabulary.

Third, based on the Path analysis it can be seen that the relationship of the three variables has the closest influence. This can be seen from the value of Instagram's influence on Improving Students’ Vocabulary of 0.49. TikTok's influence value to Improving Students’ Vocabulary is 0.15. The influence of Instagram and TikTok together on Improving Students’ Vocabulary of 0.22. So, it can be said that Instagram and TikTok have a positive and significant influence on Improving Students’ Vocabulary.

Fourth, The categories obtained in accordance with the terms and criteria of goodness of fit showed Model is FIT result, that a) Chi-Square Statistics < 2df is 108.62, b) degree of freedom is 86, c) P-Value is 0.05022 (≥0.05), d) RMSE is 0.065 (≤0.08), e) NFI is 0.900 (>0.90), f) NNFI is 0.967 (>0.90), g) CFI is 0.977 (>0.90), h) IFI is 0.977 (>0.90) i) RFI is 0.961 (>0.90), and j) GFI is 0.908 (>0.90).

Fifth, based on the value of analysis and hypothesis it can be said that the relationship between Instagram and TikTok has a positive and significant influence on the Improving Students’ Vocabulary partial and or together.

Sixth, based on testing the hypothesis that H0 was rejected and Ha accepted or there was a positive and significant influence of Instagram and TikTok on the Improving Students’ Vocabulary.

Seventh, that has different analyze using SPSS and LISREL. In SPSS can analyze 19 construct indicators, whether LISREL was deleted 3 construct indicators will be fit the path analysis.

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20 D. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

1. Conclusion

a. Social media is an alternative medium of learning English in Senior High School (SMA/MA/SMK).

b. Instagram and TikTok are familiar social media and the majority of students have the app.

c. There is a positive relationship between Instagram and TikTok,

d. There is a positive and significant influence on English Improving Students’

Vocabulary.

e. The value of Instagram's influence on Improving Students’ Vocabulary by 0.49.

f. The values of TikTok's influence on Improving Students’ Vocabulary by 0.15.

g. The value of influencing Instagram and tikTok together on the increase in Improving Students’ Vocabulary by 0.22.

h. The categories obtained in accordance with the terms and criteria of goodness of fit showed Model is FIT result, that a) Chi-Square Statistics < 2df is 108.62, b) degree of freedom is 86, c) P-Value is 0.05022 (≥0.05), d) RMSE is 0.065 (≤0.08), e) NFI is 0.900 (>0.90), f) NNFI is 0.967 (>0.90), g) CFI is 0.977 (>0.90), h) IFI is 0.977 (>0.90) i) RFI is 0.961 (>0.90), and j) GFI is 0.908 (>0.90).

i. Any differences analyze using SPSS and LISREL. In SPSS can analyze 19 construct indicators, whether LISREL was deleted 3 construct indicators will be fit the path analysis.

2. Suggestion

a. Instagram and TikTok as social media can will be used as alternative learning media in increasing student Improving Students’ Vocabulary.

b. Teacher of English subject to have Instagram and TikTok accounts in order to provide social media-based learning.

c. In order opportunity to be able to get that relevant research.

E. REFERENCES

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Universitas Negeri Makasar

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