RESUME VIDEO “WHAT IS URBAN PLANNING”
Mata Kuliah: Bahasa Inggris (PWK4441)
Dosen Pengampu: Dr. Ir. Pierre Holy Gosal MEDS, IPU
Kelompok 6:
The built environment, which includes parks, municipal halls, and homes, reflects political, economic, and cultural characteristics. It also periodically reproduces social interactions. They predict future cities, analyze past planners' work, and analyze the impact of past planning on access to housing and jobs, extending to urban planning.
The Latin American model describes cities built by Spanish conquistadors in Central America and the American West and Southwest, often on the same land as their destroyed indigenous counterparts. These cities reflect colonial priorities, such as plazas and orderly streets, and were often influenced by indigenous peoples. However, colonialists also introduced house design as a symbol of wealth and social status. The structure of a city influences its development and provides insights into future urban planning, such as preventing squatter settlements while creating economically and socially developed areas.
Brasília, Brazil's capital, was designed by urban planner Lúcio Costa and architect Oscar Niemeyer to create a modern city that would open development to the interior and be an urban place without poverty. The city was designed to resemble a bird or airplane flying off into the future, with a monumental axis containing public buildings, museums, and government offices, and two wings containing residential neighborhoods. Brasília, a modern design masterpiece city, was designed in the 1950s to rely on cars and separate work and living areas. Although not all mixing is ideal, it's essential for low transportation costs and easy access to services. By 2020, the city had over 4.6 million residents, leading to the development of suburbs and becoming an UNESCO World Heritage site. A city encompasses more than grids, buildings, and jobs; it encompasses the aspirations and situations of its
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inhabitants, negotiating with economic, political, and physical forces. Urban planning can influence these aspirations, as seen in urban sprawl and white flight in the United States.
Urban planning in the 1960s facilitated the movement for middle and upper economic classes to move out of cities, thanks to investments in the US highway system, affordable land, and low interest home loans for WWII military veterans. However, minority Americans, particularly Black and Asian Americans, faced challenges in owning land and houses. In the 1930s, redlining was implemented to prevent land ownership, with neighborhoods considered high-risk for lending money. This made home and land ownership difficult. In the 1950s, the auto industry proposed a complex interstate system, paving the way for urban renewal, which allowed cities to clear blighted areas for new construction. Freeways primarily bypassed historically Black neighborhoods, and removed houses underwent eminent domain, but residents received minimal compensation and properties were undervalued, making it difficult for those who received compensation to relocate.
Urban planning is a complex system that can be manipulated by those in power. In the US, freeways and easy movement led to redlining and segregated neighborhoods. Despite legal redlining, unfair housing and real estate access still affects many minorities. To eradicate urban poverty, efforts must address structural disadvantages in cities and communities, reflecting the relationships and values of decision-makers. Urban planners have improved their understanding of social and economic mechanisms for vibrant cities, but they must not simply rebuild them. They can learn from past mistakes and involve more voices for inclusive, equitable spaces, ensuring prioritizing relationships and classes.
