A review of the genera and species of the family Centrarchidae, with a description of one new species

PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 87

new

species

among

thisfamily,

and

I donotbelieve thatoverfour* dif- ferent kindsare tobe foundin thisupper country'.

j. Salvelinusmalma.

Bull Trout, Coeur d'AleneLake,

August

^5. Bellysilverwhite;

back and

upperparts grayish,spottedwithround pink markings; head darker than theback, which seems to bebluish black.

A REVfEW OF THE «ENERA AND SPECIES OF THE

FAiTIII.V CErV-

TRARt'HB»

E,

WITH A OESCRIPTIOX OF

OIVE .^E\V

SPECIES.

By

^Clf

ARI.es

I..

McKAY.

The

object of this paper^is to give a catalogue ofthe genera

and

spe- cies ofCeutrarchidie recognized

by

me,in anticiijationofamonographic review ofthe familywhich I hopeto publish at

some

futuretime.

The

resultshere obtained arebased on astudy ofallthe specimens ofCen- trarchidte in theUnited States National

Museum and

in the collection of ProfessorJordan. Types of nearly allthe nominal speciesthus far described have been examined

and

compared,

and

Ibelieve that very fewof those here mentionedwill i^rove invalid.

The

species not exam- ined

by me

are designated

by

astar (*).

1.

Genus CENTRARCiirs

C.

&

V.

1. Centrarcluismacropterus(Lac.)Jor.

=

C.irideusC.

&

V.

The

characters

assumed

to distingush C. macropterus and C. irideus disappearon examination ofalargeseries.

2.

Genus Pomoxys

Eafinesque.

2.

Pomoxys

sparoides(Lac.)Giraril.

=

CenfrarclnislicxacaiiflnisCuv.

&

Val.

3.

Pomoxys

annularisRaf.

3.

Genus ARcnoPLiTES

Gill.

4. Archoplites interruptus(Grd.)Gill.

4.

Genus Ambloplites

Bafinesque.

5. Ambloplitesrupestris(Raf.)Gill.

=

^?A. cavifronsCope.

5.

Genus Acantharchus

^Gill.

6.Acantharchus pomctis(Baird)Gill.

* Oiicorlii/nchuschouicha; O.nerlca; Salmopurpuratus;Salrclinusmalma. Salmoirideus doesnotrangeso far tothenorthward,andSalmo(jairdncriandthe three otherspecies of Oncorhynchus{Icctakisuich,gorhuscha), donot ascendso farfromthesea.

—

D. S. J.

88 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

G.

Genus

Ch^isnobiiyttus Gill.

7. Chaenobryttus gulosus(C.

&

V.)Jor.:= CentrarchusviridisC.

&V.

; Clionnohrijttus rir'ulhJor.; LepouiisgilliCope; Calliurus JloridensisHolbr.

8. Chcenobryttusantistius McKay, nova. s,\i.\\oy.

=

GlossopUtesmelanopsHox.'Man.

A^crt. od.i,p. 317, andChcvnohri/ttus(jiilosusJor.,Ann. Lye. Nat.Hist. 1876.

This speciesisbest distinguishedfromthe preceding

by

thepositionof thedorsal, the firstspinebeingsituatedover the posteriormarginof the opercularlobe, while in C.gulosusthefirstspine issituated directlyover theposteriori)ortion ofthebaseof thepectorals.

The

onlyspecimens ofthis si)ecies

known

to

me

are in the collection of Professor Jordan.

The

types arefrom

Lake

Michigan. There aresmallerspecimensinthe collectionfromthe

Upper Wabash and

the IllinoisElvers. I have ex-

amined

specimensof C. rjulosus^ which is a southern form, in the Na- tional

Museum,

fromeach of the Southern States, from Texas to Vir- ginia.

7.

Genus Lepomis

Eafinesque.

This genus, as understood

by

me,includesApomotis,XeiiotiSjBryttus, Helioperca, XystropliteSj

and

Eupomotisof authors. Apomotis has been separatedfrom Lepomis on account ofthelargesizeofthe suijplemental maxillary.

On

carefulcomparison this is found to be scarcelylarger thanin one ortwo otherspecies ofLepomis. It disappears

by

degrees, but seems to exist in allthespecies,though sometimes sosmallas tobe inappreciable. Ihave even found it present in large specimens ofL.

pallidus. Itspresence inthespeciesisonlya characterofdegree,there- fore not generic. Till the group

had

been

more

fully studied,Xenotis

was

sui)posed tocontainalarge

number

of species,

and was

separated from Lepomisprincipally forconvenience' sake,

and

onthe slightchar- acter ofthe feeblegill-rakers.

By

the comparisonofa verylargeseries of the alleged speciesfromProfessor Jordan'scollection I have

come

to the conclusion that they are all forms of a single species.

The

gill-

rakers are usually rather

more

feeblethanin the restof the species of Lepo7nis, but thisagainis a question of degree. Bryttushas been dis- tinguished from Lepomis

by

thepresence of palatineteeth. Thisisalso acharacterofdegree,

and

issubject to themost perfect gradation. I have found itimj)ossible to retain Xystroplites

and

Eupomotisalso, as thereis complete gradationinthecharacter of thepharyngealsbetween Ljepomisproper

and

Xystroplites,

and

again between Xystroplites

and

Eupomotis bothas to thewidth

and

form of the bones themselves

and

theform oftheteeth.

9. Lepomiscyanellu.sRaf.

10. Lepomis symmetricus^* Forbes,MSS. (inJordan tSsGilbert'sSynopsis Fishes N\

A.iucd.).

11. Lepomis phenax(Cope

&

Jor.)McKay.

12. Lepomismurinus(Grd.)McKay.

Some

of thetypes of CalliurusmurinusGrd.belongtoL.cyanellus,but thespecimenfigured

by him

in the U. S.P. E. E. Exp., x, pi. vii, Fig.

PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 89

1,belongs to a different species, apparently distinct from all others known.

Type

B.

&

G. No.415,U.S.Nat.Mns.

13. Lepomis^lirus* McKay,nom.sp.nov.

^

PomotispaUidusAg."isotLabrus jxdUdus Mitch. NotEiiponwtispaUidus Jor.which ^is Lepomusnotatus. Accordingto Professor Bliss (in letter to Professor Jordan), the i>haryugeal teeth ofthis siieciesare paved.

14. Lepomisischyrus Jordan&.Nelson.

15. LepomismacrochirusRaf.

16. Lepomispunctatus(C.

&

V.)Jor.

=

Z. apiatusCope.

17. Lepomisminiatus Jordan.

18. Lepomishumilis(Grd.)Cope.=^ L.anagaU'nuis Cope. Type No. 430,U. S.Nat.

Mus. FromBrazosR., Tex.

19. Lepomisauritus(L.) Raf.

19. a Lepomisauritusvar.solis (C.

&

^V.) McKa.j

^

Lepomis rubricauda Holhr.

The

variety is thesouthernform,

and

isdistinguishedfromthenorth- ern

by

havinglargerscales on thecheeks (usually 7 rows instead of 8)

and

in frontof the i^ectorals, and usually a dark blotch on posterior marginofdorsal.

20. Lepomismegalotis(Raf.)Cope.

=

^{Pomotisinscripius}Ag.;LepomispeltastcsCope._; Xenotis aureolus Jor.;XenolissolisGill

&

^Jor.;XenolisItjihroclilorisJor.; Lch- ihelis aiirilns Raf. ; PomotissanguiiwlentttsAg.;Pomotisnitidus Kirtland;Po- motis popeiiGrd.;Pomotisfallax B.

&

G.; Pomotishrcriceps B.

&

^G.

21. Lepomismarginatus*(Holbr.)McKay.

22. Lepomiselongatus^* (Holbr.)Gill

&

^Jor.

23. Lepomispallidus (Mitch.)Gill

&

Jor.

=

Lepomisobscarus(Ag.)Jor.

24. Lepomisbombifrons^* (Ag.)Jor.

25. Lepomisheros(B.

&

G.)McKaj

=

Xystro2)Iites heros, Jor.

26. Lepomisalbulus(Grd.)McKay.

The

types ofthis species have beenrecentlyfound

and

are identical withXystroiJiitesgilli Jor.

Type No.

421,U. S. Nat.Mus. RioBlanco, Tex.

27. LepomiseuryorusMcKay. Sp. nov.

Body

very robust, compressed.

Form

nearly oval; dorsal outline

more

convex than ventral. Antedorsal outline rather steep, slightly*

convex. Profile slightly depressed above eye.

Mouth

quite obhque, rather small; maxillaryreaching to frontmargin of eye. Outer

row

of teethon both jaws

much

strongerthantheothers. Teeth on

vomer and

frontportion ofpalatines.

Lower

pharyngealswith the rather longpos- teriorspurturned up; stoutish, the inner angle rounded,

somewhat

^ob-

tuse. Teethstout,very

much

blunted, notclose set; the inner consid- erably stronger

and

less blunt than the rest.

The

characters of the pharyngealsarethose ascribed

by

ProfessorJordan to the genus Xys-

troplites. Gill-rakers short, stout, nearlyterete,about eight innumber,

90 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUMEmi.

the inner surface roughened, scarcely dentate. Branchiostegalssix.

Maxillarywitha small but j^erfectly distinct supplementalboue.

Eye

verysmall, considerablyless thanlength of snout (perhaps an individ- ualcharacter). Nostrils inlinewithpui)il. Preorbital quadrate, mostly belowlineofinipil

; preoperculum moderatelylarge,lower anglerounded, veryslightlyobtuse. Scales on cheeksmoderate, in six toseven rows.

Opercle ratherlarge, triangular, with the posterior angle j^roducedinto arounded

bony

tlap, nearly equaling the snout in length.

The

tlap is

ofa shiny blackcolor as in L. cyanellus, surrounded

by

avery broad

membranous

margin,whichiswhiteinthealcoholicspecimen. Scaleson the operclelarge, intiverows.

Suboperculum

ofnearly the

same

width throughout, with a single

row

of scales. Interoperculum wider than suboperculum,withabouta

rowand

ahalf ofscales. Scales continueduj)-

wardsa short distancebetween opercle

and

preopercle. Spine of the premaxillary stout

and

broad; width atbase equalto one-third of inter- orbital space, moderately long, reaching to posteriornostril.

Mucous

channelfromeye to suprascai)ular boneextremely narrow,scarcely sep- arating the scales. Scales moderately large, ctenoid. Dorsal begiu-

' uing overbaseof pectorals. Dorsal

and

anal

somewhat

obliquelyoj)-

posed. Spinousportion of dorsal fin low,the longest spine reaching verylittle past margin ofeye. Spines not very stout, nearlystraight

;

allbut the first two ofnearly the

same

height. Soft portion of dorsal

much

higher than spinous, reaching greatest height at seventh

and

eighth rays, behind which itdescends abruptly.

Both

caudalpeduncle

and

fin short

and

stout. Soft portion of anal rounded. Insertion of veutrals behind baseof pectorals, not reachingbeyondvent. Pectorals short, onlyreaching vent. Scales in front of pectorals not

much

re- duced, considerably largerthan those on cheeks.

The

description of the species is taken from a single specimen, IsTo.4109, in the United States jSTational

Museum,

from Fort Gratiot, Michigan, at the foot of

Lake

Huron.

Table of Measurements.

Species: Lepomiseuryorus.

Currentnumberofspecimen,

Locality

Dimensions.

Extremeleagth.

Body

:

Greatest height Greatestwiclth Least heightoftail

Lengthofcaudalpeduncle Head

:

Greatest length withoutcar-flap

.

Distancefrom snouttonape Greatestwidth

Widthof interorbital area Lcugtli ofsnout Lengthofear-flap

Lengthofmaxillary

4109.

FortGratiot,Michigan.

Inches and lOOths.

fi64

lOOthsof length.

43 13i

l;i

16

PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 91

Tahleof measurements

—

Contiuiied.

Dimensions.

Head^:

Lengthofmandible Diameterof orbit Dorsal(spinous)

:

Distancefrom snout Lengthofbase

(rreatestheightatfifth sijine Heightatfirstspine Dorsal(soft)

:

Lengthofbase

Heightatantecedentspine Heightat longestray(theseventh) Anal

:

Distancefrom snout Lengthofbase Heightatfirstspine Heightatthirdspine Heightatlongestray(thefifth) Caudal

:

Lengthof externalrays ,

Pectoral:

Distance from snout Length

Ventral:

Distance from snout ,

Length ,

Branchiostegals Dorsal Anal

Numberof scalesinlateralline

Numberoftransverserows abovelateralline

Numberoftransverserows belowlaterallino

Inches and lOOths.

X,11 III,10

14-13

lOOthsof length.

12|

e 36 26 9i 31 17|

17

57 20 4i 10"

14*

31 20 i

3P*

17' 6

"Perca

ffibbosa. P.

15.Y.G. A.13. C.17.

.

Be

GecrP (p. 283.) 28. Lepomisgibbosus(L.)McKay.

Inthelittle-known eleventli or Halleedition of theSystemaaSTaturie of LiuniTeus, occnr the followingdescriptions:

"Labrusanritns. L. canda bifida, opercu-

lisbranchiarum pinnifor-

luibns. D. ^{^a.} p.

Habitat in Philadelphia.

Mus

pinnis dorsalibus iini- tis, Cauda bifida, abdo-

m

ⁱ

n

e luteo, operculio striatis, apice nigro fal- voque.

Catesh. car. 2. p. 8. t. 8.

f. 3.Perca fluviatilis gib- bosa, ventreInteo.

HabitatinAmerica." _(p.293.)

The

description of Percagihhosa refers of course to Eiipomotis auren., of authors,

and

the specific

name

of gibbosus

must

supersede aureus

Walbaum

1792. In histwelfth edition Linnaius suppressed his Perca gihbosa,

and

referred Catesby's figure of PercaflnviatiUs gibbosa with doubt,totheLabrusauritus.

The

descriptionin thetwelfth edition, as Professor Gill has shown, can refer only to L. auritus.

The

specific

92 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM.

name, gihhosuSj therefore, should be applied to Eupomotis aureus of au- thors,

and

auritus tothenorthernform of the otherspecies.

29. Lepomisholbrooki(C.

&

V.)McKay

=

PomotisspeciosusHolbr.

30. Lepomisnotatus(Ag.)McKay

=

EupomotisjyallidiisGill»S:Jordan.

Professor Jordan has received from the

Museum

of Comparative Zoology

some

ofAgassiz's typesofPomotisnotaUis,whichspeciesproves

on

examination to beidenticalwith Eu])omoUspallidus, Gill «&Jordan.,

8.

Genus Mesogonistius

Gill.

31. MesogonistiuschaBtodon(Baiivl)Gill.

9.

Genus Enneacanthus

Gill.

This genus,asunderstood

by

me, includes Hemiopliies

and

Copelandla.

The

g^nus Hemioplites

was

based

by Cope

on the presence of eight spines in the dorsal fin

and

fourin the anal, I learn from Professor Jordan's notes that Cope's original type of Hemioplites simulans has reallyninespines inthedorsal. Dr.

Edward

J.Nolan,

who

hasrecently

examined

the specimen, also informs

me

that there are nine spines in thedorsal. Inacollectiou of

young

specimensofEnneacanthus marga-

rotis from Virginia, which I have examined in the National

Museum,

there were several specimens with the finformula D. 9, A. 4, several with the formulaD. 10, A. 4,

and

theremainder with theformulaD. 9,

A. 3. Thatis,

some

of these specimens, allcollected atthe

same

time,

and

evidently of the

same

species,were Enneacanthusmargarotis,others wereHemioplites simulans, and theremainder

would

represent a second species of Copelandia.

In120specimens ofEnneacanthusmargarotis examined

by

me, the re- sultswere asfollows:

'

13 specimenswithD. 8, A. 3.

89 specimenswith D.9, A.3.

9 specimens withD. 10, A. 3.

5 specimens with D. 10, A. ^4.

4 specimens with D. 9, A. 4.

Intheexaminationof53 specimens ofEnneacanthusohesus thefollow- ingresultswereobtained

:

4 specimenswith D.8, A. 3.

46 sx^ecimenswithD. 9, A.3.

2 specimens withD. 10,A. 3.

1 specimen with D. 10,A. 4.

In view of these facts, I include Hemioplites

and

Copelandia under Enneacanthus.

32. Enneacanthus simulans (Cope)McKay

=

Enneacanthus margarotis Gill

&

^Jor.;

HanloplUcs simulansCope; Enneacanthus pinniger^Gill

&

^Jor.

Having

examined thetypes of Enneacanthus^{pinniger^}

and compared

them

with large-finned malesof Enneacanthus margarotis, I

am

unable

PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 93

to fiudspecificdifferences.

They

areprobablysijecimenswhich havede- veloped iiuder

more

favorable circumstancesthan are usually accorded to thespecies.

33. Enneacanthus obesus(Grd.)Gill.

34. Enneacanthusgloriosus* (Holbr.)Jor.

35. Enneacanthuseriarchus(Jor.)Mc'lvay,

10.

Genus Micropterus

Lacepede.

36. Micropterussahnoides(Lac.) Henslialliu"BookoftlioBlack Bass" (advance sheats)=^2Iicro2)teri(spaUidusGill

&

Jor.

37. MicropterusdolomieuLacdpede

=

lficrq/>/er«ssalmoidcsGill.

Indiana University,

Bloomington, Inch,

March

10, 1881.

A REVIEW OF THE GENUS CENTIIBUS, SWAINSON.

By ROBERT RIOGWAY.

INTRODUCTION.

The

collection of the United States National

Museum

contains ex- amplesofallthe

known

speciesofthegenus Centums,exceptingC.hypo- polius (Wagl.), C. ruhriventris Swains.,

and

C. terricolor Berlepsch, the

two

latterbeingof

some what

doubtfulstatus.

More

orless confusion hashitherto existedregarding the nomenclatureof several of theMid- dle

American

forms,

and

it

was

thedesire to clear

away

as

much

ofthis confusion aspossiblethat

prompted

the investigations

upon

whichthis reviewis based,

and

which have led to the discoveryof relationships which werebefore quiteunsuspected,at least

by

thewriter.

Of

thefourteen formstreated of inthis paper as sufficiently distinct for definition, not

more

than six, or less than one-half,can be said to beperfectly isolated, or topossess the requirementsof perfectly distinct species; at leasttheabundantmaterialwhich has been examined in this connectioni)roves

beyond

question the intergradation of fourso-called species, while itsuggests

more

^orless strongly theprobability orpossi- bility of such relationship with regard to five of the remaining ten.

Those which appearto beunquestionably distinct are the three

West

Indian species, C. radiolatus (Wagl.), C. svperciliaris (Temm.),

and

C.

siriatus (MiilL),

and

three continental species, G.uropygialis, Baird, C.

hypopolius (Wagl.),

and

G. elegans (Swains.). Those which ^certainlyin- tergrade,

and

are therefore to be unitedunder one specificdesignation, areG.aurifrons (Wagl.), G.santacruzi Bp., G.dubius(Cabot),

and

G.lioff-

manni, Caban.,all of which are, however, strongly characterized geo- graphicalraces orsubspecies.

The

fiveforms of doubtfulrelationship are(1) G.carolinus(Linn.),which

may

possiblygradeintoG.ruhriventris, but which ^is probably distinct; (2) G. ruhriventris (Sw.), with which I