A revision of the crinoid families Thalassometridae and Himerometridae

Vol. XXII, pp. 1-22 January_9,

1909

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

A REVISION OF THE CRINOID FAMILIES _THALAi^S,Q METRID.E AND HIMEROMETRID^E.

BY AUSTIN HOB ART CLARK.

In my

^{first revision of the}

^unstalked

^crinoids

(Smiths. Mis-

cell. Coll.,

Quarterly

Issue, l, pp.

343-364;

^Bull.

Mus. Comp.

Zool.,LI,

No.

8, p.

245),

^I

was, through

lack of material,

unable

to arrive at

a

true

understanding

^ofthe interrelationsof the spe- cific

groups which

Icalledcollectively

Antedon, and

various

other groups which

I segregated into the

"genera" Himerometra,

Thalassometra,

and

Charitometra.

These _genera were

sufficiently definite

and

well

marked

to serve as _units,

and

I therefore

had no

hesitation in

considering them

as

such

until further

material was

available

upon

j^vhich to base

a more

detailed study.

This was soon

possible in the case^of

'^

Antedon

_,'^'

and

that

genus was promptly

^{resolved into its}

component

specific

groups

(these

Proceedings,

xxi, pp.

125-136)

;

but the other

_genera,

from a

lackof

adequately

representative material,

proved more

_difficult;

of

''Himerometra^^

especially, ^I

was _only acquainted with a very small proportion

^{of the}

very numerous

_species.

The

receipt of

a very

interesting collection

from

the

Hawaiian

_Islands,

and

of the extensive

Japanese

^collection deposited

by Mr. Frank Springer threw

considerable_liglit

on a number

ofhitherto

obscure

points ⁱⁿ

regard

^to

''

I'halassovietra

"

and

''Charitometra";

more

recently,

through

the

kindness

of

Dr. Th. _Mortensen,

I

have been

ableto

study

^the

magnificent

^collection

belonging

^tothe

Univer-

sity of

Coj^enhagen, and

the

U.

S.

Bureau

of Fisheries

has

entrusted ^to

me

the collections

made _by

the

steamer

Albatross

among

^the

Philippine

Islands, ^so thatI

now have been

ableto

examine

all ofthe

important

types referred ^to

Himerometra.

The new _genera

described herein are

based upon ^obvious

external characters, in

order

that

they may ^be

^readily

recognized

1—

Prog.Biol. Soc.Wash.,Vol. XXII,1909. (1)

2 Clark

— _A

_{Revision of} Thalassometrido'

and

Himerometrido'.

and

identified

from _ordinary museum

material; in

many

cases, as

with

the larger divisions,

the

best characters are

found

in

the musculature,

^studied

from _{the point}

of

view

of skeletal

muscle

insertions,

and

in the internal structure of the centro-dorsal_;

but

it

has seemed

best to

omit

a discussion of these features

from preliminary

diagnoses,

though

^{I sliall}

^consider them

in detail later, especially in reference ^to

the

fossil

comatulids,

ⁱⁿ

which

^often

only

the centro-dorsal

and

the radials are preserved.

The family Thalassometridie

^{falls into}

two approximately equal

divisions, in

one

of

which

all the species

have

_short,

stout,

and smooth

_cirri,

and a

slenderfirst

pinnule composed

^of

very numerous

short _joints;

and

in the

other

_long,

compara-

tively slender,

and _spiny

_cirri,

and

a stout first pinnule,

com- posed

^of

enlarged

joints.

In the

latter

the proximal

^cirrusjoints, for

a

variable distance

from the

centro-dorsal, are

rounded,

spineless,

and with a

dull surface,

and

_usually

comparatively dark

in _color;

then comes

a

"transition"

joint,

which

is similar to those

preceding

^for

most

of its length,

but

_distally

has a highly

polished surface, ^is light in _color,

and

bears

a small

dorsal spine or tubercle;

beyond

^this

"

transition

"

joint

the

_joints are shorter,

highly

jwlished,

and bear

dorsal spines,

and

the cirrus ^is

more

slender

than

in tlu'

proximal

portion.

This group thus appears

^to

have

the cirriof the

other modified, not by a simple

^{increase in the}

number

of joints,

but by the addition

of

a

series of

a

different

type

^of joint liej'ond the pe-

nultimate

_{joint of}the

former (corresponding

^tothe

"

transition

"

joint of the latter).

This

increased cirrus

length

^iscorrelated, asis

commonly

^{the case}

among

^the

comatulids, with an

increase in the size of the

lower pinnules (though here

affecting

only

^the

first)

and the

resultis

an animal

of radically different

appear-

ance. I

propose

^to

group

^the

^{forms with}

^sliort, stout,

smooth

cirri

and

slender

many-jointed

^first

pinnule

together

under

the

designation

^of Charitometrinse,

while

those

with

_long,

compara-

tively slender,

spiny

cirri,

and _long and

stout first

pinnule may

be taken

^as

composing

^the

sulvfamily

Thalassometrinx.

This

modification of the cirri

and lower pinnules

^is

not by any means confined

tothe

Thalassometridie

; itisequally

marked

in the

Zygometrid^e, where

itseparates

Eudiocrinus and

_Catop-

tometra

from

_Zygometra,

and, with more

orless modification, in certain sectionsof

the Himerometridse.

Clark

— _A

_Revisionof Thalassometridas

and

Himerometridfe. 3 I

have used

great care in

the

selection of

the types

^of

the new _genera

described herein.

The

_{types are,}

wherever

_possible,

the

first species ^to

have been

described,

and the commonest

species^;

but

in cases

where

the original descrii^tion ^is deficient, or the identification doubtful,^I

have taken one

ofthelater species,

where circumstances permitted one considered

as

a synonym

of

the

first described.

Preference has always been given

^to species at

hand

to

guard

against

the

possibility of

nomenclatorial disturbance through misconception

^of species

not

_personally

known

to

me,

^{as so}

much

trouble^

has

arisen in

other groups because

of certain species

being supposed by ^authors

^to

^be one

thing,

but on examination _proving

to

be something

quite different.

Family HIIMEROMETRID.E.

KEY

TO

THE

INCLUDED GENERA.

a} Pi greatly elongated, l\

and

following pinnulesextremelyshort,only about one-fifth as long^asPi^{; cirri} long

and

_stout, with about 80 joints; anal tube very long

and

slender; rays

rounded and

_very

widely separated ⁽¹⁾ Pontiometra.

a? P2 resembling Pjequal ⁱⁿsize, or_larger; anal tube_stout, not _espec-

iallylong; raysneververy widely separated.

/)' no pinnule

on

the fourth (epizygal) brachial (i. e.,

Pa

al)sent).

c^ cirrilongwith

more

than35_joints;allthe pinnules long

and

stiflF,

none

of theproximal pinnules greatly longer than the others (2) Colobometra.

c^ cirrishort, with less than30_joints; distal pinnules^soft

and

deli- cate; one or

two

of the proximal pinnules

much

_larger

and

stifFerthanthe others (3) CyUometra.

W

_{a pinnule}onthe fourth (epizygal) brachial (i. e.

Pa

present),

c^ middle

and

distal Ijraehialsextremely^short

and

_oblong;ⁱ

Br and

lower brachials strongly convex dorso-ventrally, appearing swollen.

d} I

Br and

firsttwobrachials in apposition^fortheir entirelength^; synarthrial tubercles stronglydeveloped^;Pj^smaller

and more

slenderthan P,; 10-20

arms

(4) Amphimetra.

d'^ I

Br and

division seriesrounded,

and

widely separatedlaterally;

synarthrial tubercles not _developed; Pi resembling

P^ and Pp and

largerthan P2;

more

than25

arms

(5) Himerometra.

c'^ middle

and

distal Ijraehialswedge-shaped^or triangular, not _par- ticularly short; ⁱBr, further divisionseries,

and

lower brachials notswollen.

d^ 10arms;^{cirri short}

and

_stout, the

component

jointssub-equal, usually squarish,sometimes broader thanlong;opposingspine median,erect; joints oflower pinnules with

more

orlessdevel- oped^{keelsorlateral}processes (6)Oligometra.

4

Clarh

— _A

_Revision of Tlialassometridse

and

Himeronietridse.

(P

more

than 10 arms; opposing spine,

when

_present,snl)-central to sub-teniiinal,

more

or lessdirectedforward.

e^ cirrus joints ^all

much

broader than _{long, sub-equal;} cirrus spines paired; Pj greatlyenlarged

and

stifl'(7) Cenometra.

«- distalcirrus jointsshorter than_{(or longer} than)^theproximal, the latter at least as long ^as broad; dorsal cirrus sjiines single, or absent.

/^ ^{cirri stout} basally, tapering gradually ^to a point distally;

terminalclawnearly straight (8) Craspedometra.

P

^{cirri not}taperingdistally.

g^ one or

more

of theproximal pinnulesverystiff, straight, sharp-pointed,

and

spine-like, though not _especially enlarged^{; lateral}processesonthe i

Br and

furthertlivi-

sionseries (9) Stephanometra.

g^ proximal pinnulesalways taper distally to a slender

and

delicate tip^;

no

lateralprocesseson thei

Br and

furtlier divisionseries.

h^ II

Br

4 (a -t- 4);

Pd

smaller than Pj; F., the longest;

arm

division very irregular (10) Heterometra.

7i^ II

Br and

_subsequentdivision series 2;

arm

division reg-

ular ₍₁₁₎ Dichroinrtra.

SUPPLEMENTARY KEY

TO

GENERA WITH

TEN

ARMED

REPRESENTATIVES.

a^

no

_{pinnule on}thefourth (epizygal) brachial ^(i. e., Pa al)sent).

b^ cirrilong, withinore than85_joints; all the pinnules long

and

stiff,

none

of the proximal pinnules greatly longer than the others (2) Coloboinetra.

b^ cirrishort,with lessthan30_joints; distalpinnules^soft

and

delicate;

oneortwoofthe proximalpinnules

much

_longer

and

stifferthan

the others (3) Cyllometra.

a^ apinnule onthe fourth (epizygal) brachial ^(i.e., Papresent).

6' middle

and

distal brachialsextremely^shortan<l (Hscoidal; ⁱ

Br and

lowerl)rachials swollen (4) Amphimctra.

6^ middle

and

distal Ijrachialswedge-shajjed ortriangular,not particu-

larlyshort (()) Oliyoinetra.

SUPPLEMENTARY KEY

TO

GENERA

WITU II ISK4(.!

+

4).

a'

Pu

larger

and

_longerthanPi,which,ⁱⁿturn, ^islargerandlonger^tlian

P^ (5) Himeromctra.

a^

Pd

^smallerand weaker than P,, which, again, ^issmallerand weak(>r than_p2.

6' cirriuniform, not taperingdistally; distal cirrusjointsnotsolong^as broad; opposingsi)ine present.

c^ middle and distal brachials exceedingly^siloit, discoidal; ^iJ>r

and

lower brachials swollen (4) Amphinietra.

c^ middle

and

distal brachials not _especially short,

more

or less obliquely wedge-shaped^{; i}

Br and

lower brachials not swollen (10) Heterometra.

W

cirritaperingdistally^; distalcirrus jointstwiceas long^asbroad;

no

opposingspine (8) Craspedometra.

Clark

— _A

_{Revision of} Thalassometridse

and Himerometridae

^. 5

SUPPLEMENTARY KEY

TO

GENERA WITH

IIBR2.

a^ Pi greatly elongated^; P2

and

_{following pinnules extremelyshort,} of uniform _length; cirrilong

and

stout, withabout80joints

(1) Pontiometra.

a^ Pv resembling P,ⁱⁿ size,or_larger; cirrishort,withlessthan50joints.

5' no _i)innuleon the fourth (epizygal) brachial^(i.e.,

Pa

absent) (3) Cyllometra.

b- apinnule

on

thefourth (epizygal) brachial ^(i.e.,

Pa

present),

c^ cirrus joints^all

much

broader than _long, sub-equal; ^cirri stout;

cirrusspines paired;Po _greatlyenlarged, the

component

joints with overlapping

and

_spinousdistalends ₍₇₎ Cenometra.

c- proximal cirrus joints longerthan the distal, longer than broad;

P2enlarged,though notgreatly^diti'erentfrom oneor

two

_neigh- boring pinnules, which

may

equal oreven exceed it

; P2 has

smooth

_joints.

d} oneor

more

oftheproximalpinnulesverystift", straight, sharj)- pointed,

and

spine-like, though notespeciallyenlarged; ⁱ

Br and

division series with lateral processes

(9) Stephanometra.

d' proximal jjinnules, though enlarged, taper evenly ^to a slender

and

delicate tip; i

Br and

division serieswithout lateral pro-

cesses (11) Dichrometra.

1.

Pontiometra

A.

H.

Clark.

The

_{species belonging}to thisgenus^is:

Pontiometra andersoni (P.

H.

Carpenter).

2.

Colobometra

_{gen. nov.}

Genotype.

—

Antedon_perspinosa P.

H.

_Carpenter, 1881.

Centro-dorsal_discoidal,

more

orlessthickened, usuallywith a _slightly concave polar area; ^cirrus sockets arranged ⁱⁿ one, sometimes _two, closelycrowded, alternating rows.

Cirri xv-xxv, 35-60,tlie joints with prominent

and

overlapping ^distal ends_thicklysetwithfine sjjines; distal cirrus jointsabouttwiceasbroad as long, always ^shorter than the proximal,

which may

^{be not} quite so long^asbroad to

somewhat

_longerthan broad; prominent ^dorsalspines, usually paired,developed^{inthedistalhalf}or two-thirdsofthecirri.

The

cirriare equal^{to ab(jut}one-fourthofthe

arm

_length.

Radialsvisible in the angles^ofthe calyx, butusually concealed ⁱⁿthe

median

line; iBri roundeddorsally, entirelyseparate, decreasingslightly indiameter anteriorly, twice or three timesasbroad aslong; ⁱBr2 pen- tagonal, nearly twice^as broad as long ^to nearly^as long ^asbroad; both these_joints have_slightmarginalprojections,

and

_{are widely}free laterally.

Arms

10; ^first eight or nine brachials almost _oblong, about twice as broad _{as long,}then

becoming

triangular, about twice as broad _{as long,} then wedge-shaped, though without anyespecialincrease inlength^until neartheextremity^ofthe

arm where

_they

become

almost_{as long}asbroad, though remainingobliquelywedge-shaped.

The

brachialshave_projecting

6 Clarh

— _A

_Revision

of Thalassometridap.

and

Himerometridas.

and

_spinyoverlapping^distaledges,

which become

_very

marked

afterthe second_syzygy.

Pa a1)sent; Pi not especially long,

and

not stifl'ened, evenly tapering,

and

rather slender_distally,the

component

jointssquarish or rather longer than broad; folldwing lower _pinnules rather _long, sub-equal, slightly enlarged,

and

_verystiff,tlieelongated

component

joints^witlioverlapping

and

_spinous distal en<ls; middle

and

distal pinnulesnot_very diflerent in lengthfrom the proximal,but

more

_{slender; they are} stiffened

and

flat-

tened _laterally, with moderatelylong joints

which

have projecting

and

spinous ^distalends.

Color (inspirits).

—

Flesh color to deep purple, the costals and lower brachials usuaHy with ^a darker lateral line, the

arms

after the second syzygy ^with

numerous and

_thicklyset, rather narrow, bands^ofdarker.

Distribution.

—

Port Denison (near

Bowen),

Ciueensland, ^to

Andxuna, New Guinea

(Joliie), Singapore

and

the Philippine^Islands.

Depth.

—

_Littoral, l)utoccurring

down

to20fathoms.

The

_speciesincludedin thisgenus^are:

CoIobo7iie(raperspinosa (P.

H.

_Carpenter)

"

suavis (A.

H.

Clark).

?K

Cyllometra

^A.

H.

Clark.

The

_{speciesremaining}in this genusas restricted are:

Cyllometra albopurpurea A.

H.

Clark

"

anornala A.

H.

Clark

"

clanc (Hartlaub)

"

iwpinnata(P.

H.

_Carpenter)

"

informis (P.

H.

_Carpenter)

"

manca

_(P.

H.

_Carpenter)

tigrina (A.

H.

Clark).

4.

Amphimetra

gen. nov.

Genotype.

—

_{Comatula (Alecto)} milherdJ. _Miiller, 184().

Centro-dorsal hemispherical or

more

or less discoidal,the moderately large polar area fiat, slightlyconvex, ^or slightlyconcave; ^{cirrus sockets} arrangedⁱⁿ onetothreecrowded,

more

orlessalternating,marginal^rows.

Diskoften

more

orlessplated.

Cirrixiii-xxx, 25-50, short, varying from^slender

and

_taperingtovery stout.

The component

joints

may

^be sub-equal, ^all very short, or all longerthanbroad, or theproximaljoints

maybe

longerthan_l)road, the distalshort; dorsal spines are usually(though notalways) developed, ^at least distally; but, though prominent, they arenever_{very large.}

Arms

10 to 20; butthe division series,

when

developed, are very^irregu- lar in occurrence; iiBr 4(:i4-4); iiiBr2, developedinteriorly in 1,2, 2,¹ order;

iBrand

lower brachials (includingdivision series) in lateral appo- sition, and

more

orless "wall-sided"; ⁱBr,division series,

and

i)roxi-

mal

brachials rather strongly convex longitudinally ^as well as trans- versely, giving

them

acharacteristic swollen appearance, ^{like thecorre-}

Clark

— _A

_{Revision of} Thalassometridx

and Himerometridx.

1 spendingjoints

mHimerometra;

^brachialsallshort, at^firstdiscoidal,then

more

or lesswedge-shaped,

becoming

very short

and

_regularlydiscoidal in the outer half of the

arm

as in Himerometra; synarthrial tubercles j)r()minpnt,sometimesexcessively developed.

Pi^small

and

_slender,witli

numerous

sh<irtjoints;Pj, P3, or both, elon- gate, rather large basally, but _tapering,

and

slender _distally; tlie distal endsof theouter_joints

may

be produced ^into broad lateralexpansions,

and

theproximaljoints

may

^becarinate.

Color (in spirits).

— White

to dark reddish brown, purple, or _violet;

ashey gray, white, or pale ^flesh color blotched or

banded

with _purple (light or dark)or yellowish

brown;

pale ^flesh color, the perisome

and

pinnules

brown

ordeep^violet.

Distribution.

—

_Ceylon tothe MerguiArchipelago, Sumatra,

and

_Singa- pore, PortDenison, Port Molle, theArafura Sea

and Aru

Islands, Ceram, the Philippines, Borneo,

and

northwardto

Canton and

_Japan.

Depth.

—

_Littoral,

_{and down}

to at least 32,possibly 36 fathoms.

Though

^well

marked

in regard ^to the generic characters, the genus Ampliimetrapresents exceptionalditticulties inthe elucidationofthe in- terrelations ofits

component

sjiecies,

and no

satisfactorysynopsis^of

them

has

up

^tothe present been_published.

The

_{species atpresent}

known

are:

Amphimetra

anceps ^(P.

H.

Cari^enter)

"

ensiformis (A.

H.

_Clark) ," laevissiina (J. Miiller)

"

milberti(J. Miiller)

"

moZZert (A.

H.

_Clark)

"

producta (A.

H.

Clark)

"

schegelii (A.

H.

_Clark)

?"

tessellata (J.

MnWer)

"

variipinna ^(P.

H.

Carpenter).

5.

Himerometra

A.

H.

Clark.

The

_{speciesbelonging}to thisgenusas restrictedare^:

Himerometra

bartschi A.

H.

Clark

''

crassipinna⁽Hartlaub)

"

kraejjelini (Hartlaub)

"

magnipinna

^A.

H.

Clark

"

martensi (Hartlaub)

"

persicaA.

H.

Clark

"

robustipinnaA.

H.

Clark

?"

_philiberti (J. Miiller).

6.

Oligometra

^A.

H.

Clark.

The

species of thisgenus^are:

Oligometra adeonse

(Lamarck)

Oligometra imbricataA.

H.

Clark

"

_bidens

(Bell) "

japonica (Hartlaub)

"

caribbeaA.

H.

Clark "

pinniformis ^(P.

H.

_Carpenter)

" •

carpenteri {BeW) "

pulchellaA.

U.

Cl&vli

"

gracilicirraA.

H.

Clark "

serripinna^{F.

H.

Carpenter).

8 Clark

— _A

_Revision of Tlialassometridse

and

Himerometridse.

7.

Cenometra

gen. nov.

Genotype.

— Himeromelra

iDiicornlx A.

H.

Clark, ^190S.

Centro-ilorsal ofmoderate_size, rather _thick, ditscoidal,the dorsal pole stronglyconcave ; cirrussocketsarrangedⁱⁿoneor

two

_closely crowded alternatingmarginal ^rows.

Cirrixv-xx,30-45, stout, betweenone-fifth

and

one-sixth the lengthof the

arms

; cirrus joints snbequa-1, ^all alnjut twice as broad as long^{; all} the_jointswith prominent^distal ends, giving the ^cirri a strongly ^serrate appearancedorsally ; joints of the outer half or two-thirds with paired tubercles or small _sj)int's.

Radials _just visil)le,sei)arated distally; ⁱ Brj entirely free laterally, rounded_dorsally,

two

or threetimesasbroad aslong^{; i}Brglittle, ifany, longer than the first costals; ⁱⁱ

Br

_always, iii

Brand

^iv

Br

sometimes, present, ^all 2,thelast two developedoidy on the outersides ofeach i

Br

series; synarthrial tubercles not developed; division^series

and

firstbrach- ialsbearingexternally^stout lateral processes ^{as in} Stephanometra, ytro- gressivelydecreasing^insize.

Arms

²⁰to30; ^firsteight or ninelirachialsapproximatelyoblong,about twice asbroad_{as long,}then

becoming

wedge-shaped,^{altouttwiceas} broad as long,

and

distally ^less obliquely wedge-shaped.

The

l)rachials have projecting

and

_{finelyspinous}^distalends.

The

second syzygy^isatacon- siderable distance from _{the calyx,} varying from l)etween the fourteenth

and

fifteenth tobetween the ninety-second

and

ninety-third,but _usually inthevicinity ofthethirtieth brachial.

P2 very large, stout

and

stifi", with twelve to twenty joints,

most

of which^{are alittle}longerthan _Itroad, and havejn-ojecting

and

_finelyspin- ous distalends; Pj ^{is slender}

and

_{weak, tajtering,} but with at least as

many

joints asF2; P3

and

tliefollowing pimuiles an^ slender

and

weak, smallerthan Pj; distal pinnules nearly ^aslong^{asP.^.}

Color (inspirits).

—

Light grayish l>lue,with very nunierous smallntund red-brown _spots, cirriyellow-brown ^{; or} reddish-brown, ^{the cirri} yellow-

brown;

P2 ^i«alwayslightyellow-ln-own.

Distrihution.

—

_Ceylon,eastwardto

Amboina

and theI'liilippincIslands, and northward^{tothe(iulf of}Tonkin.

Deplli.

—

_Littoral,

_{and down}

certainly to I'i), and _]iossil)ly to:\{\fathoms.

The

described _species belonging^{to tins}genus^are: Cenometra ahbotti (A. II. Clark)

"

_bclla

(Hartlaub)

''

brunnea( Ilartlaub)

"

unicornis (A. ^II.Clark).

S.

Craspedometra

gen. nov.

Genotype.

—

Antedon ucidlcirraP.

IL

Cari)enter, iSS2.

Centro-dorsal a large thick disk with a fiat or_slightly convex dorsal surface, thecirrussockets usuallyⁱⁿa_singlemarginal row, rarely intwo irregularrows.

Clark

— _A

_{Ren'sion of} TJudassomrtrhhe

and Himcromctrulm.

9 Cirri xv-xxv,.">5-()0, long

and

_slender, stout _{hasallj^, distally} tapering gradually ^{to a}point; cirrus jointsvery short basally,

becoming

gradually longer,

and

longest terminally; dorsal spines or carination absent;

no

opposing «pine; terminal claw _long (about as long ^as the penultimate joint)

and

_nearlystraiglit.

The

cirriareoverone-thii-d, andoften nearly one-half the

arm

length.

Radials

more

f)r less completely concealed^{; i} Brj very short, united laterally; ⁱBr,short, free laterally; ⁱⁱ

Br

4 (o

+

4); iii

Br

_{2, rarely 4}

(3

+

4); IV

Br

_2; thedivision seriesare usually very irregular on ditt'er-

ent _rays, ⁱ

Br and

division series rounded _dorsally, well separated laterally, withoften a_slightprominence^of the synarthrial articulations.

Arms

2i)to 35, long, moderately slender; ^firsteight bracliials ajtproxi- mately oblong^(thefirst two wedge-shaped),

two

or three times as liroad as long, then

becoming

oblicpielywedge-shaped or triangular, but of the

same

proportions, distally

becoming

^less ol)liquely wedge-sha]ied,

and

almost (though neverquite) oblong^{inthedistalhalf ofthe}arm.

Pi,stout_basally, but

becoming

^slenderinthe distal half, all the _joints short, the broad lower _joints carinate ; Pj similar,Imt _longer; Pj long

and

rather _stout, but _{gradually tapering distally,}

composed

^of very

numerous

short_joints, those inthe basal half l)eing carinate; P3 similar, but lunger

and

rather _stouter, reaching ^to about halfthe cirrus length,

composed

^of

numerous

_joints; followingpinnules decreasingⁱⁿlength

and

stoutness,the distal pinnules beingonly ^aljout one-third as long as the elongate proximal pinnules.

The

carination of the basal _{joints of} the lower pinnules^istraceabletoabouttheend of thepniximal ^{third of the} arm.

Culur (in spirits).

—

_{Nearly white,} with traces of deep violet; fiesh- colored, theperisome

brown

; light

brown

; deep purple, almostblack; or purplishbrown.

Distribntion.

—

_Sydney,

New

South "Wales, northward to

Amboina,

Singapore

and Hong

Kong.

Drv-//;.— Littoral.

Lack

ofmaterialhas prevented

my

confirmingor dispnivingHartlaub's disjMisitidU ofthedescrilied species of thisgenus; ^{I therefdrelistall ofthe} nominal species referable to thisgenus which have been^described:

Cros])rd()metra ar^aicirra (P.

H.

_Carpenter)

"

aiistralis (P.

H.

_Carpenter)

"

hipartqnnna^(P.

H.

_Carpenter)

"

ludovici (P.

H.

Carpenter).

9.

Stephanometra

gen. nov.

Genotype.

—

Antedon

monacantha

Ilartlaub, ^ISiK).

Centro-dorsal moderate to small, discoidal ^witli sloping sides, orsub- hemispherical, the dorsal polar area small, usually^flator_slightlyconvex,

more

rarely slightlyconcave; ^{cirrussockets}arrangedⁱⁿone

and

a_partial secondto

two and

a_partialthird_closelycrowdedalternating rows.

10

Clark

— _A

_Revision

of TJialassometridse

and

Himerometridse.

Cirri xv-xxxv, 15-25, ratlier i^mall and weak, scarcely reaching one- fifth of the

arm

_{length; proximal}cirrus joints (except the hasal) some-

what

_longerthan thedistal,butthe latternever

much

broaderthan_long;

cirriusually strongly carinate distally, rarely spiny.

I

Br and

division series dorsally rounded, ^the synarthrial tubercles sometimes _{slightly developed,} always ^well separate<l laterally, the outer edges^of the _joints furnishedwith

more

or less developed ventro-lateral tubercularprominences^orlateral flanges.*

Arms

12 to?A; ^firstseven tonine brachials approximately oblong^(the

first

two

wedge-shaped), about twice as broad as long, then

becoming

triangular or very obliquely wedge-shaped, broader than long,

and

dis- tallywedge-shaped,

and

in the terminal portion ^of the arm, ^as longas, orevenrather longer than, broad,though remaining moderatelyoblique.

P2^the longest, stout,very^stiff

and

spine-like,tapering^toa_sharjipoint, with comparatively few joints (not over eighteen), most of

which

are

much

_{elongated; P^} is usually

somewhat

shorter than P2 with

more numerous and

shorter _joints,

more

slender

and more

flexible, but it is

occasionally similar^toP2; P3 usually,

and

oftenoneor

two

ofthefollow- ingpinnules are^of the

same

character as P2, but of decreasing length;

thedistalpinnules areslender, delicate,

and

flexible,notsolong^asPg.

Color(inspirits).

—

Yellow _{or white,}with

narrow

bands of red-brown orblackish-brownat the articulations; sometimes deep ^{violet or} almost black, oryellow or reddish with darker bandsatthearticulations.

Distribution.

—

_{Island of Rodriguez, eastward} to the Nicobar Islands, Singapore,

Amboina,

^Torres Straits, the

Banda

_{Sea, Fiji,} the

Tonga

Islands, the Carolines,

and

thePhilijjpines.

Depth.

—

_{Littoral,extending}

_downward

_to21 fathoms.f

The

described_speciesbelonging^{to this}genus^are:

Stephanometraacuta (A.

H.

Clark)

"

echinus (A.

H.

Clark)

"

indica (Smith)

"

monacantha

(Hartlaub)

"

oxyacantha (Hartlaub)

"

spicata (P.

H.

_Carpenter)

"

spinipinna (Hartlaul))

"

tenuipinna (Hartlaul))

"

tuberculata _(P.

H.

Carpenter).

•Absentin llic typo ofAntedon spinnipinna; ^{l)Utthis is}evidently a very young specimen.

Note.

—

_{Asecondlaitre}.specimen oflliisspecies,receivedsincetheabove wasputin type,has thelateral flangesdevelopedas usual.

tDr.Carpenter recordsS.tuberculatafrom210,'i'l.'),orfilOfathoms, near Kandavu,

Fiji,buttlie shallowestof these Issonnich belowthelowestcertain record forany species of thefamilytliatthe recordnuistbo considered doulilful, on the basis ofour presentknowledge.

Clarl

— _A

_Revision of Thalassometrirlse

and

Himerometridse. 11

10.

Heterometra

_{gen. nov.}

Genotype.

—

Antedon quinduplicava^P.

H.

_Carpenter, 1888.

Centro-dorsaldiscoidal, thintomoderately tliick, tliedorsal polar area sometimes _flat, l)ut nsually

more

or lessconvex, ^{the sides} sloping, the cirrus socketsarranged ^inor.e

and

a _partialsecondto two

and

_{a partial} third_closely crowdedalternating rows.

Cirri

xvn-xxx,

20-37,about one-fourth the length ^ofthearms; proxi-

mal

cirrus joints(except the basal) slightlylonger than_broad,

becoming

broader than longdistally^; distal cirrus jointsalways sharply carinate,

and

usually developing

more

orlessprominentspines.

Radialsbut_slightly,

when

at_all, visible;iBrjshort,

more

orlessunited, but always free distally, rarely reaching a length^of one-halfthe widtli;

I

Br

2 pentagonal, ^halfagain ^totwice as long^as theiBri,rounded ^dor- sally, widely ^free laterally; ⁱ

Br and

division series

smooth

laterally, without marginalprojections; ⁱⁱ

Br

_{4 (o-f4), rarely}2; in

Br (when

pres- ent) always ^2.

The

development^{of ii}

Br and

in

Br

seriesis irregular,

some

ofthei

Br

series beingalways^bettersupi)liedthantheothers.

Arms

¹¹ to 28, though usually ^{ratlier less} than20; firstfew brachials discoidal, then _ol)liquelywedge-shaped^ortriangular,

much

broader than long, gradually

becoming

^lessobliquely wedge-shaped, sometimes almost oblong,

and

_short,though they ^areneverexcessively shortand discoidal as inHimerometra.

Pu

^shorter

^{and more}

^slenderthan Pj, which, ⁱⁿ turn, ^is shorter

and more

slenderthan_{P,, the}lastbeing the largest pinnuleonthe

arm

;lower pinnules stout basally,taperinggradually ^toa slender

and more

or less flagellate tip; the enlarged lowerpart usually

more

or lessstiffened, this stiffening

becoming

^less

and

less distally. Distal ])innulesalways

much

shorterthanthe enlargedproximalpinnules,usually not

much more

than one-half_{as long.}

Color (in spirits).

—

_Light

brown

to chocolate brown, ^the perisome usually darker; lightgrayish

brown

;))lackishbrown, witha tinge ^ofred- dish; dullorange, broadly

banded

with white.

Distribution.

— Ked

8ea eastward (Muscat; Kurrachee; Ceylon;

Bay

^of Bengal)^to

Amboina and

the Philippine^Islands.

Depth.

—

_{Littoral,extending}

_down

_to24fathoms.

The

describedspecies referable to this genus^are: Heterometra _affinis (Hartlaub)

"

bengalensis (Hartlaub)

"

brockii(Hartlaub)

"

quinduplicava ^(P.

H.

_Carpenter)

"

reynaudi^(J. Mliller)

"

savignii ^(J. Midler).

From

the

two

othergenera

which

have theii

Br

series4 (3-F4) Hete- rometra

may

^beveryreadilydistinguished. Himerometra always has ^the brachials exceedingly short

and

discoidal, usually a

much

_larger

number

of arms,

and Pu

longer

and

stouter than

P^

or Pj, which, again, are longer

and

stouterthanthe succeeding pinnules^; the in

Br

series,always

12

Clark

— _A

_RevisionofThalassometridse a'od

Himerometridse

.

present, areinwardly2, ontwardlj-4 (3

+

4),whereasinHeteromefra_they arealways^2.

Amphimefra

^{has the}

same

excessively short ^discoidalbra- chialsasHimerometra,

whereby

^itisveryeasily differentiatedfrom Hete- rometra, though^theiii

Br

seriesare_2,

and Pn

^issmallerthan _{P, as in} the latter.

n. Dichrometra

_{gen. nov.}

Genotype.

—

Alecto_flagellataJ. Miiller, 1841.

Centre-dorsal moderate _{or small,} low-hemispherical ^or discoidal, the barepolar area small, slightlyconvex, flat, or_slightlyconcave, the^sides sloping; ^cirrus sockets arranged ⁱⁿ

two

or three crowded, alternating, marginal^rows.

Cirrixx-xl, 17-52 (usually 20-30), rather slender

and

weak, fromone- sixthtoabout two-fifthsthe length ^of thearms, ^the distal joints always somewliatshorterthantheproximal(except thebasal),though neververy short, sharplycarinate,or furnishedwith

more

or lessprominentspines, which, however, ^areneversolong^astheopposingspine.

Radials usually concealed, sometimes slightly visible; di^^sion series always2, the

component

jointswithout lateral processes, though some- times rather sharply carinateventro-laterally,neververy widely separated, usually

more

orlessinapposition

and

laterally flattened.

Arms

25to 43, supernumerary ^axillaries being always developed^exte- riorly in regard ^to the i

Br

_axillary; first

two

brachialswedge-shaped, the longer^{side out;} following ^fiveorsixoblong, ^aljout twice asbroadas long, then

becoming

triangular or very obliquely wedge-shaped, about twiceas broad as long, then

becoming

^less obliquelywedge-shaped ^dis-

tally,

and

_{slightlylonger,} though even^theterminal joints have _oblique ends

and

are_scarcely, ifany, longerthanbroad.

Proximal_pinnules

much

elongated,though notespeciallyenlarged,

and

flagellate, occasionally somewliat stiffened _l)asally, with twenty-five or

more

joints,squarish orslightlylonger^{tlian l)road;} I'lalways^shorter

and more

slenderthan _Pj,the latterbeing^less than, equalto, or longer than, Pg^; Pjusually somewhat, occasionally very

much,

larger, on the outer

arms

of each _raythan on the inner; thedistal pinnules areshort, never solong^asthe elongated proximalpinnules.

Color (in _spirits).

—

Various shades of yellow, j'ellowish, reddish, or blackish brown, or grayish ^to deep purple or violet, often

more

or less

mottled with darker or with yellow or white.

The

_{long lower jiinnules}

and

cirri are usuallylighterthan theremainingportions^ofthe animal.

Distribution.

— _Madagascar

_northward to the

Red

Sea,eastward along the coastsofIndia, Ceylon,

and

northernAustralia ti>tlie coast_{of (^hina,} Japan,Fiji, the Philippines, the

Tonga and

^{theMarshall Islands.}

Depth.

—

J.,ittoral,

and

_extending

downward

to at least28 fathoms.*

The

species referable to thisgenus^are:

•Chadwic'krccorrtsD.okellifromastation at wliich therecorded depthwasU/^-36 fathoms; Carpenter recordsD. occultafrom adcptli of'JIO.2.')5,or(iiofathoms: butaddi- tional conflrraation ofeven the lowestoftheselastisneeded.

Clark

— _A

_Revision

ofTlmlassometridse

and

Himerometridas.

13

Dichrometraarticulata (J. Miiller)

"

_bimaculata

(P.

H.

_Carpenter)

"

brevicuneata (P.

H.

_Carpenter)

"

elongata (J.Miiller)

"

fiacjeUata (J. Miiller)

"

gracilipes (A.

H.

Clark) grandis (A.

H.

Clark)

"

ggges (Bell)

"

heliaster(A.

H.

Clark)

"

klunzingeri(Hartlaub)

"

marginata (P.

H.

_Carpenter)

"

occulta (P.

H.

_Carpenter)

"

okelli (Chadwick)

"

palmata^{(J. Miiller)}

"

protectiis (Liitken)

"

regalis (P.

H.

_Carpenter)

"

regime(Bell)

"

subcarinata (A.

H.

Clark)

"

subtilis (Hartlaub)

"

tenera (Hartlaub).

The

_{following species belonging} to thisfamily^I havenotbeen ableto place satisfactorily, through ^{lack of material for} comparison; ^{the first} appears ^{to be}

most

_closely related to Pontiometra andersoni,

and

the diagnosis ^of that genus

may

^{have to be altered for its} reception; the second appears ^to represent a^distinct generictype, for

which

the

name Oxymetra

^{would be}appropriate.

AnttdonfinscliiiHartlaub Antedonerinacea Hartlaub.

Family THALASSOMETRID^.

Sub-family

THALASSOMETRIN.E.

KEY

TO

THE

INCLITDEDGENERA.

a' Calyx

and arm

bases spinous, the^latterrounded_dorsally.

b^ genital pinnules

expanded

^{; brachials with}single long overlapping

median

spines;P^ long, but not_{enlarged (12)} Stylometra.

6^ genitalpinnulesstyliform, notexpanded;^brachialsrounded_dorsally;

spines

when

_presentonthe brachials,

two

or

more

in

number;

Pj long

and

_{greatlyenlarged (1)))} Thalassometra.

a' Calyx

and arm

basessmooth.

6' I

Br

_stronglycarinate.

c^ 1\only slightlylargerthan_Pj;

arms

strongly carinate throughout (14)Stenometra.

c' Pi

much

longerthan _P.^;

arms

rounded, not ^carinate

(15) Stiremetra.

V

I

Br

notcarinate.

c' lessthan30cirrus joints; genital pinnules short; usually^lessthan twenty arms; lateral flattening ofraysnot

marked

(16)Parametra.

14

Clark

— _A

_{Revision of} Thalassometridse

and

Himerometridss.

c^

more

than 40 cirrus joints; genital i)innules moderately long;

twenty^or

more

_{arms; rays}

and

division seriessharply ^flattened

laterally (17) Cosmiometra.

(12)

Stylometra

^{A.II. Clark.}

The

_{speciesbelonging}to thisgenus,ⁱⁿ addition toan undescribed form fromtheCaribbean_Sea, is:

Stylometra spinifera^(P.

H.

Carpenter).

(K!)

Thalassometra

A. IT. Clark.

The

_{speciesremaining}in this geniisasrestrictedare:

Thalassometra_agassizii (Hartlaul)) aster(A.

H.

Clark)

"

?</.t/>njosa(P.

H.

_Carpenter)

"

echinata (P.

H.

_Carpenter)

"

gigantea (A.

H.

Clark)

" haivaiiensis (A.

H.

Clark)

"

multispina ^{(P. PI.} Car])enter)

"

pergracilis (A.

H.

Clark)

"

puhescens (A.

H.

Clark) r//?o.s« (A.

H.

Clark).

14.

Stenometra

_{gen. nov.}

Genotype.

—

Antcdon (juinqnecosfafa V. II. Carpenter, ^1888.

Centro-dorsal small, truncated-conical or

more

or less columnar, ^the cirrussocketsarranged^{in tendefinite}columns^oftwoor three each,each

column

sei)arated from its neighbors

by more

^{or less} developed ridges, those situatedinterradiallybeingusually

more

prominent than^theothers.

Cirri

xx-xxxv,

50-90, long

and

_slender; first few _{joints very} short, then

becoming much

_longerthan_wide, but

becoming

short again ⁱⁿ the distal half, and_{very short} towardthe

end

ofthecirrus; middle

and

distal joints l)earingprominent ^dorsalsi)iiies.

The

cirriare froma))out lialf to two-thirds or

more

ofthe

arm

_length.

Disk moderately ^{or well} plated; ])lating on the brachial

and

pinnule amV)ulacra welldeveloped.

Ends

of basal rays ^{visible as} dorso-ventrally elongate tuberclesⁱⁿ the angles^of the calyx^{; radials} short or concealed in the

median

line, but alway.s

more

orlessvisible inthe angles ^ofthe calyx;

when

visible in the

median

line, with a

more

orlesssharj) meilian keel,

and

_usually

more

or

le.ss strongly denticulate ^lateral (sonictinics also anterior) edges; ⁱ Br, veryshort, sliarply carinatc; ⁱ l">r,, large, rhombic,sharply carinate; ⁱⁱ Hr

and

^III P>r

(when

jiresent)2, shar})lycarinatc like thei Hr.

Arms

10 to 21, strongly compressed and sharply carinatc throughout theirwholelengtii, the

median

distaledge ^of the brachials being promi- nent, produced ^{into a} long overlapping spine ⁱⁿ the outer half of the arms.

Clark

— _A

_Revision

of Tlialassometridse

and

Himerometridse.

15

Pi longer than _Pj, though not especially enlarged; followingpinnules shorter, with the hasal_jointslesscarinate; ^distalpinnules ^as long as,or rather longer than,P,.

Color.

—

Bright yellow, sometimes

more

orless

banded

orblotchedwith white;cirrilighter incolorthanthearms.

Distribution.

— Ki

Islands northwardtoJapan.

Depth.

—

80 _{to 142,}possibly^to152fathoms.

The

species referable to thisgenus^are:

Stenometra_conifera (Hartlaub)

"

diadema

(A.

H.

Clark)

hana

(A.

H.

_Clark)

"

quinquecostata ^(P.

H.

Carpenter).

15.

Stiremetra

gen. nov.

Genotype.

—

_Antedon acutiradia P.

H.

_Carpenter, 1888.

Centro-dorsal hemisphericalor_{bluntlyconical,} the dorsal pole

more

or lesspapillose; cirrussocketsinone or

two

_rows,

and

in

two

columns in eachradial area, though^thecolumnsare not_especially

marked

off.

Cirri xv-xxv, 40-50, cirrus joints proximally longer than _broad, but

becoming

very shortⁱⁿthedistal half, the_{joints in} the distal two-thirds at_least,sometimes allofthejoints, bearingprominent^dorsalspines.

Radials concealed; ⁱ Br, very short, band-like, deeply ^{incised in} the

median

line; ⁱBr^large, rhomljic or shield-shaped,witha strong posterior projectionincisingtheiBrj,

and

a strong

median

keel.

Arms

10; ^first

two

brachials sharply carinate, but following brachials rounded _dorsally; in the distal two-thirds of the

arm

the brachials developing prominent

median

overlapping spines, though not appearing tobe

much

compressed laterally.

The

i

Br and

lower brachials are in close aiiposition

and

are sharplyflattened laterally.

Pi

much

larger than _Pj, with _large lower _joints

which

are rather strongly^carinate.

Color(in spirits).

—

^"_Lightbrownish-white."

Distribution.

— Kermadec

Islands

and

Port Jackson, to_Fiji.

Depth.—

^{&dOto 1350fathoms.}

The

included _speciesare:

Stiremetra acutiradia (P.

H.

_Carpenter)

"

breviradia (P.

H.

Carjienter)

"

spinicirra(P.

H.

Carpenter).

16.

Parametra

_{gen. nov.}

Genotype.

—

Antedon orion A.

H.

_Clark, 1907.

Centro-dorsal hemispherical or thick-discoidal, moderate or rather small, themarginal^cirriarrangedⁱⁿoneor

two

rows,

and

approximately intwoorthree colunnisineachradial area.

Cirriix-xxv, 15-27,

up

^{to tbefifthtotheseventh}joint rounded, stout, smooth,

and

withadull surface,thenbecominglaterallycompressed,pol- ished,

and

_bearinglowdorsal spines; ^cirri only one-sixth or one-.seventh ofthe

arm

_length.

16 Clark

— _{A Revhlon}

of Thalassovietridas

and

Himerometridas.

Dii^k_iscantilyto moderatelyi)lated; aiiihulaera welli)late(l.

Radials concealed;ⁱ Brj .short,three or

more

times as hroaif as long;

I Br.^low-triangnlar orwidelyrhombic, ^{tw^iceas}broadaslongⁱⁿthe

med-

ian line;

u Br

_2, hnt thefnllseriesrarelydevelope<l.

Arms

10 to 20; ^{tirst l)rachial} short, slightly wedge-shaped; second larger, irregnlarlyqnadrate, nnich broaderthan_long; following brachials to the tenth or twelfth oblong ^or slightly wedge-shaped, ^{over twice as} broad as long, then

becoming

triangular or very obliquely wedge-shaped nnich ])roaderthan _long, gradually increasing ⁱⁿ length, tiiough remain- ing very oblique^distally.

The

ⁱ P>r, ⁱⁱ Br,

and

_{proximal part}ofthe

arms

are very deep, evenly rounded _dorsally, compressed laterally; Imt the division series

and arms

Are not in lateral apposition; the depth ^{of the} brachials _gratlually decreases _distally.

The

dorsal surface of the

arms may

be quitesmooth, ^{or there}

may

^{be a}faint trace of carination_basally, gradually increasingdistally, sothattiie terminal portiim ^of the

arms

is

strongly compressed and .strongly carinate, the brachials with forward- projecting overlappingspines.

P, the _longest, but not_{especially.stout, .-scarcelylarger} than V.,, though

somewhat more

carinate_basally; following])innulesdecreasinggradually in length ^toP4 ^or P,;,

which

is about two-thirds the length ^of P,, with nine to twelve _joints which are rather broad; ^distal pinnules slightly longerthan _P,.

Colnr.

—

_Bright

lemon

_yellow to

cadmium

_orange, the dull portion ^of the cirri green, the polished ligiit yellow; sometimes the

aims may

^be

grayish, yellowdistally.

Distribution.

—

_Ki

_and

Philipiiine Islands, northwardtosouthern _.Jajian and eastwardto ^tiie

Hawaiian

Islands.

lJ('l)th.—S2 to at least102 fathoms.

The

_sijcciesincludedin thisgenus^are:

Paramet racompressa ^(P.

H.

_Carpenter)

fisheri (A.

H.

Clark) orimi (A. ^IT. Clark).

17.

Cosmiometra

gen. nov.

Genotype.

—

llinla.'^.'^oiiielra kohiaclii A. 11. Clark, ^illOS.

Centro-dorsal moderate oi-suiull, the cirrus socketsarranged ⁱⁿ two rows, andin tw<ior three

more

or lessregularcolumnsin eachradial area, closelycrowded or

more

orlo^ss.separated.

Cirri \viii-\'xv,35-00,long,moderatelystout,with awell

marked

tran- sition jointfrom theseventhtothesixteinith,proximal ^towhichthe_joints are 'smooth, rounded in ci-oss-section, with a dull surface, distal towhich they are highly ^]iolished, llattenec], and furnished with i)roniinent dorsal spines; ])roximal^cirrusj<iints(except the ^hasal)nnich longer than broad, distal joints very ^short.

The

longer cini ^are about one-thinlof the

arm

length.

Disk _scantily or moderately jilated, well platedalong ^the ambulacra;

brachial ami _pinnuleambulacrawell plated.

Clark

— _A

_Revision of Thalassometridse.

and

Himerometridse^. 17

Ends

of the basal rays^{visible as} tubercles in the interradial angles.

Eadials only^{visible in}the angles^ofthe calyx,sometimes_entirelyhidden;

I Brj veryshort, liandlikeor

more

orlesscrescentic; iBr.^rhombic, ^over twiceasbroadaslong; ⁱⁱ

Br

2,alwayspresentⁱⁿthefullseries; ⁱⁱⁱ

Br

_2, developed 2, 1, 1, 2, not always present.

The

iBr, division^series,

and

lower bachials are in very ^close apposition

and

very sharply flattened against each other; these joints alsohave the edges ^all around slightly everted; synarthrial tubercles broad

and

rounded, ^not prominent; ⁱ

Br and

divisionserieswithalow broadly rounded

more

orlesslineartubercle

on

their

component

joints.

Arms

20_{to 30,} moderatelydeep

and

compressed, but rounded dorsally

and

never _carinate; firstten brachials _o1)long, about twice as broad as long (the ^first two wedge-shaped), then triangular, broader than long, soon

becoming

^aslong^as broad,

and

in theterminal portion ^of the

arm

wedge-sliaped,

and more

orlesselongate; the brachialshave

more

orless

prominently overlapping

and

_{finelyspinous} distaledges.

Piconsiderable _longer,

and

_stouter, than P.^, though not especially enlarged^; followingpinnules decreasing^toabouttwo-thirdstlielength^of P],then _{slowly increasing} in length distally, the distal pinnules being rather longerthanPj.

Color(in spirits)^.

—

^''

_White

_withfaint

patches^of

brown

here

and

there,"

touniform dark brown.

Distribution.

—

_Sahul

_Bank,

_{north Australia,northward}

_and

northeast-

ward

to

Japan and

^the

Hawaiian

Islands.

Depth.

— _The

only records are ^for

Hawaiian

_species, which were taken between319

and

355 fathoms.

Included_species:

Cosmiometra crassicirra (A.

H.

_Clark)

delicata (A.

H.

Clark)

"

komachi _(A.

H.

Clark)

"

woodmasoni

(Bell).*

I

am

unable toproperly place the following species belonging ^{to this} sub-family, liecause ofa lackofmaterial

upon

^whichtoliasecomparisons,

and

inability tograsp the characters^nitotofromthe published diagnoses.

*_Itispossiblethat"Antedonadriani,"whichwasbroughtback by^the"Discovery,"

belongsto thissub-family,tliough therearegroundsforbelievingittobe amemberof the Tropiometridre. Theproved occurrenceofeither ofthese familiesso far soutliwould beofthegreatest interest initsbearingonzoogeography. Unfortunately, neither the diagnosis northe figure(whichdifferradicallyfromeachother) affordsany^{clue tothe} family, generic,or_specificrelationships oftlieform; ^itiscertii in,however,thatitcan notliavenuichinconnnonwith Heliometraglacialis,withwhicliitiscompared^;itdoes not belongin thesame family.

Itistobehopedthat^"Antedonadriani^"willsoon be adequately describedand figuredandthat^"Promachocrinus kerguelenensis^"{sic)and^"Antedonau.stralis"

will bereidentifled,especially the"

young^"oftlie latter,whicli possiblybelongtoadiffer- ent genus fromthe larger ones. Someclue sliouldha veIjoeugiven^{as to}whichofthetwo

"

Antedonaustralis"describedbyCarpenter^ismaint,thoughthesuppositionistliatit isthelaterone.