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Journal : Journal Of Public Health
Article : Revolutionizing Education: How Digital Literacy is Transforming Inclusive Classrooms in Post-covid 19
DOI : 10.1093/pubmed/fdad058
Agreed to by : Ledya Liza
Agreed on : 4/24/2023 11:12:28 PM
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http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/jph
Revolutionizing Education: How Digital Literacy is Transforming Inclusive Classrooms in Post-covid 19
Journal: Journal of Public Health Manuscript ID Draft
Manuscript Type: Correspondence Date Submitted by the
Author: n/a
Complete List of Authors: Bastian, Adolf; Lancang Kuning University
Liza, Ledya; Lancang Kuning University, Department of Teacher Education for Early Childhood Education; Lancang Kuning University, Department of Teacher Education for Early Childhood Education Efastri, Sean; Lancang Kuning University
Keywords: COVID-19, Education, employment and skills, Disabilities
Manuscript Submitted to Journal of Public Health
For Peer Review
Revolutionizing Education: How Digital Literacy is Transforming Inclusive Classrooms in Post-covid 19
Adolf Bastian1, Ledya Oktavia Liza2, Sean Marta Efastri3
Graduate School of Pedagogy, Universitas Lancang Kuning1, Department of Special Education, Universitas Lancang Kuning2, Department of Early Childhood, Universitas
Lancang Kuning3
[email protected] 1, [email protected]2, [email protected]3
Correspondence at:
Department of Special Education, Universitas Lancang Kuning Jl. Yos Sudarso No.KM. 8, Pekanbaru, Indonesia
Phone: +62 813-7824-0402
E-mail: [email protected]
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9820-1481
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Revolutionizing Education: How Digital Literacy is Transforming Inclusive Classrooms in Post-covid 19
Dear Editor,
Inclusive education is one of the most exciting topics to be discussed in recent years.
Where inclusive education is a system that provides equal opportunities for every individual to get an education (1). Teachers are people who have an active and robust role in promoting social inclusion and equality for all students (2). The combination of students with special needs and students without special needs is two different things in the classroom. How a teacher looks, behaves, and conveys the material assuredly needs attention. The teacher's knowledge and the use of effective classroom management strategies possess a good impact on student learning outcomes (3).
Classroom management practices that pay attention to communication rules, physical environment, reinforcement, modifying lesson plans, instructions, and assessments derived from special needs have been successfully applied to inclusive classes (4). However, the implementation of good classroom management changed when the Covid 19 pandemic hit the world. One sector that has experienced a tremendous impact is the education sector.
Management in Education is also transforming to keep up with innovative new technologies to continue supporting learning implementation (5,6). The existence of distance learning is one of the solutions to continue conducting educational activities (7). However, this distance learning situation is increasingly unfavorable for students with disabilities who are rarely involved, so learning in inclusive classrooms becomes increasingly ineffective.
One factor influencing this is the media (8) and the curriculum used (9). Furthermore, the factors that influence teachers in implementing inclusive classroom education are the
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For Peer Review
literacy dimension, the practical-evaluative dimension, and the projective dimension (2). This shows the importance of media which is closely related to literacy for a teacher. One of the literacies that are closely related to the current situation is digital literacy which is a person's ability to access and find information online effectively (10). In conformity with this point, digital interventions must be involved in inclusive classes (1). After the occurrence of the Covid 19 pandemic, it increasingly demanded that teachers have adequate digital literacy to manage classes properly so that they could still apply the latest and innovative learning models (11–13).
The digital literacy skill model, which consists of cognitive, technological, and ethical skills, can guide inclusive classes (13). Cognitive skills are the teacher's efforts to provide strategically planned insights or information to ensure all students allow to understand.
Technological skills are how a teacher uses media to attract students effectively, such as using communication technology and creating art activities such as drawing comics, pamphlets, and others. In this case, the school must provide support as well, for instance, improving ICT equipment and ensuring conducive learning spaces that are disabled-friendly.
The last component is ethics, where the teacher must ensure that students are ethical and honest in their behavior, collecting assignments obtained from the internet. Where the teacher must tell students about responsibility for what they make, not just copying, pasting, and sharing information with others. By mastering digital literacy competencies, inclusive classroom management is expected to improve the quality of learning further.
References
1. Liza LO, Rusandi MA, Junaidi J, Situmorang DDB. Digital intervention in inclusive education: is it necessary? J Public Health (Bangkok) [Internet]. 2023 Feb 1 [cited 2023 Feb 19]; Available from: https://academic.oup.com/jpubhealth/advance-
article/doi/10.1093/pubmed/fdac143/6880885 3
4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
For Peer Review
2. Li L, Ruppar A. Conceptualizing Teacher Agency for Inclusive Education: A Systematic and International Review. Teach Educ Spec Educ [Internet]. 2021 Feb 1 [cited 2023 Feb 19];44(1):42–59. Available from:
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0888406420926976
3. AKIN E. Classroom Management: Significance in Inclusive Education, Current Problems and Proposed Solutions. Journal of Special Education. 2021 Nov 2;1–22.
4. Wijaya EA, Agustini DAE, Adnyani LDS. EFL Teacher’s Classroom Management Practices at an Inclusive School. Indonesian Journal of Disability Studies [Internet]. 2020 Nov 30 [cited 2023 Feb 14];7(2):219–29. Available from: https://ijds.ub.ac.id/index.php/ijds/article/view/235 5. Goralski MA, Tan TK. Artificial intelligence and poverty alleviation: Emerging innovations and
their implications for management education and sustainable development. The International Journal of Management Education. 2022 Nov 1;20(3):100662.
6. Buchholz BA, DeHart J, Moorman G. Digital Citizenship During a Global Pandemic: Moving Beyond Digital Literacy. Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy [Internet]. 2020 Jul 1 [cited 2023 Feb 8];64(1):11–7. Available from:
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/jaal.1076
7. Tadesse S, Muluye W. The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Education System in Developing Countries: A Review. Open J Soc Sci. 2020;8(10):1–14.
8. Ruppar A, Kurth J, Bubash S, Lockman Turner E. A Framework for Preparing to Teach Students With Extensive Support Needs in the 21st Century. Teach Educ Spec Educ [Internet]. 2022 Feb 28 [cited 2023 Feb 19];46(1). Available from:
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/08884064211059853
9. Pugach MC, Blanton LP, Mickelson AM, Boveda M. Curriculum Theory: The Missing
Perspective in Teacher Education for Inclusion. Teach Educ Spec Educ [Internet]. 2019 Nov 13 [cited 2023 Feb 19];43(1):85–103. Available from:
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0888406419883665
10. Hargittai E. Survey Measures of Web-Oriented Digital Literacy. Soc Sci Comput Rev [Internet].
2016 Aug 18 [cited 2023 Feb 8];23(3):371–9. Available from:
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0894439305275911
11. Sánchez-Cruzado C, Santiago Campión R, Sánchez-Compaña MT. Teacher Digital Literacy: The Indisputable Challenge after COVID-19. Sustainability 2021, Vol 13, Page 1858 [Internet].
2021 Feb 8 [cited 2023 Feb 18];13(4):1858. Available from: https://www.mdpi.com/2071- 1050/13/4/1858/htm
12. Sirlin N, Epstein Z, Arechar AA, Rand DG. Digital literacy is associated with more discerning accuracy judgments but not sharing intentions. Harvard Kennedy School Misinformation Review [Internet]. 2022 Dec 6 [cited 2023 Feb 8]; Available from:
https://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/144237
13. Jalil A, Tohara T, Shuhidan SM, Diana F, Bahry S, Norazmi Bin Nordin M. Exploring Digital Literacy Strategies for Students with Special Educational Needs in the Digital Age. Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) [Internet]. 2021 Apr 28 [cited 2023 Feb 8];12(9):3345–58. Available from:
https://www.turcomat.org/index.php/turkbilmat/article/view/5741
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CorrespondenceRevolutionizing education: how digital literacy is
transforming inclusive classrooms in post- COVID 19
REVOLUTIONIZING EDUCATION JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
Adolf Bastiana;Ledya O Lizab;Sean M Efastric
aGraduate School<<Query: Please provide the department/unit (if any) in affiliation 1. Ans:ledyao [email protected]:N/a>> of Pedagogy<<Query: Please provide the zip or postal code, city, and country details in all the affiliations. Ans:[email protected]:28266Yos Sudarso St. KM. 8Pekanbaru-Riau, IndonesiaUniversitas Lancang Kuning>>, Universitas Lancang Kuning
bDepartment of Special Education, Universitas Lancang Kuning
cDepartment of Early Childhood, Universitas Lancang Kuning
*Address correspondence to Ledya O. Liza, E-mail:[email protected]
Dear Editor,
Inclusive education is one of the most exciting topics to be discussed<<Query: Please check th e spelling and accuracy of all author names and affiliations, particularly for any of your coauthors.
Please also check that author surnames are correctly identified with a pink background. This is to e nsure that forenames and surnames are tagged correctly for online indexing. {\bfseries Incorrect na mes and affiliations may lead to an author not being credited for their work by funders, institutions, or other third parties.} Ans:[email protected]:Y/a>><<Query: Please note there is a charge per figure for colour reproduction (pricing information can be found at \url{https://academ ic.oup.com/jpubhealth/pages/General_Instructions}). Please confirm you accept this charge. Altern atively, figures can be published in black and white for no charge. If you have a preagreed discoun t, it will be applied to the charge in the licensing and payments portal. Ans:ledyaoktavializa@unil ak.ac.id:N/a>><<Query: If your manuscript has figures or text from other sources, please ensure y
ing bodies, and include any grant numbers. Ans:[email protected]:N/a>><<Query:
You may need to include a ”conflict of interest” section. This would cover any situations that migh t raise any questions of bias in your work and in your article’s conclusions, implications, or opinion s. Please see here https://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/authors/authors_faqs/conflicts_of_intere st. Ans:[email protected]:N/a>><<Query: Journal policy requires authors to provid e a data availability statement in their manuscript. Please confirm that this statement is included in your manuscript and that any required links or identifiers for your data are present in the manuscrip t as described or provide edits with the required information. Ans:[email protected] d:N/a>> in recent years. It is a system that provides equal opportunities for every individual to get an education.1Teachers play an active and robust role in promoting social inclusion and equality for all students.2The combination of students with special needs and students without special needs is two different things in the classroom. How a teacher looks, behaves and conveys the material assuredly needs attention. The teacher’s knowledge and the use of effective classroom management strategies possess a good impact on student learning outcomes.3
Classroom management practices that pay attention to communication rules, physical environment, reinforcement, modifying lesson plans, instructions and assessments derived from special needs have been successfully applied to inclusive classes.4However, the implementation of good classroom management changed when the Covid 19 pandemic hit the world. One sector that has experienced a tremendous impact is the education sector. Management in education is also transforming to keep up with the innovative new technologies to continue supporting learning implementation.5,6The existence of distance learning is one of the solutions to continue conducting educational activities.7However, this distance learning situation is increasingly unfavorable for students with disabilities who are rarely involved, so learning in inclusive classrooms becomes increasingly ineffective.
One factor influencing this is the media8and the curriculum used.9Furthermore, the factors that influence teachers in implementing inclusive classroom education are the literacy dimension, the practical-evaluative dimension and the projective dimension.2This shows the importance of media which is closely related to literacy for a teacher. One of the literacies that are closely related to the current situation is digital literacy, which refers to a person’s ability to effectively access and find information online.10In conformity with this point, digital interventions must be involved in
inclusive classes.1After<<Query: Please check whether the edits to the sentence ’After the occurre nce of the Covid 19...’ are correct and provide correct wording if necessary. Ans:ledyaoktavializ [email protected]:Correct>> the occurrence of the Covid 19 pandemic, it has become increasingly necessary for teachers to have adequate digital literacy skills to manage classes properly so that they could still apply the latest and innovative learning models.11–13
The digital literacy skill model, which consists of cognitive, technological and ethical skills, can guide inclusive classes.13Cognitive skills refer to a teacher’s efforts to provide strategically planned insights or information to ensure that all students are able to understand. Technological skills are how a teacher uses media to attract students effectively, such as using communication technology and creating art activities such as drawing comics, pamphlets and others. In this case, the school must provide support as well, for instance, improving ICT equipment and ensuring conducive learning spaces that are disabled-friendly. The<<Query: Please check whether the edits t o the sentence ’The last component is ethics, ...’ are correct and provide correct wording if necessar y. Ans:[email protected]:the teacher must ensure that students are ethical and hones t in their behavior, and do not submit assignments obtained from the internet>> last component is ethics, where the teacher must ensure that students are ethical and honest in their behavior, and do not submit assignments obtained from the internet. The teacher must also educate students on the importance of taking responsibility for what they make, not just copying, pasting and sharing information with others. By mastering digital literacy competencies, inclusive classroom management is expected to improve the quality of learning further.
References
1. Liza LO, Rusandi MA, Junaidi J. Situmorang DDB. Digital intervention in inclusive education: is it necessary.J Public Health. 2023 Feb 1 [cited 2023 Feb 19]. https://acade mic.oup.com/jpubhealth/advance-article/doi/10.1093/pubmed/fdac143/6880885.<<Quer y: Please provide the volume number, page range and accessed date for reference 1. Ans:
[email protected]:volume numbers and page ranges have not been publish ed>>
2. Li L, Ruppar A. Conceptualizing teacher Agency for Inclusive Education: a systematic and international review.Teach Educ Spec Educ2021;44(1):42–59. Feb 1 [cited 2023 Feb 19].https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0888406420926976.<<Query: Ple ase provide the accessed date for references 2, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13. Ans:ledyaoktavi [email protected]:already available>>
4. Wijaya EA, Agustini DAE, Adnyani LDS. EFL Teacher’s classroom management practices at an inclusive school.Indones J Disabil Stud2020;7(2):219–29. Nov 30 [cited 2023 Feb 14].https://ijds.ub.ac.id/index.php/ijds/article/view/235.
5. Goralski MA, Tan TK. Artificial intelligence and poverty alleviation: emerging innovations and their implications for management education and sustainable development.Int J Manage Educ2022;20(3):100662.
6. Buchholz BA, DeHart J, Moorman G. Digital citizenship during a global pandemic:
moving beyond digital literacy.J Adolesc Adult Lit2020;64(1):11–7. Jul 1 [cited 2023 Feb 8].https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/jaal.1076.
7. Tadesse S, Muluye W. The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on education system in developing countries: a review.Open J Soc Sci2020;8(10):1–14.
8. Ruppar A, Kurth J, Bubash Set al.A framework for preparing to teach students with extensive support needs in the 21st century.Teach Educ Spec Educ2022;46(1) Feb 28 [cited 2023 Feb 19].https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0888406421105985 3.<<Query: Please provide the page range for reference 8. Ans:ledyaoktavializa@unila k.ac.id:26–43>>
9. Pugach MC, Blanton LP, Mickelson AMet al.Curriculum theory: the missing perspective in teacher education for inclusion.Teach Educ Spec Educ
2019;43((1)):85–103. Nov 13 [cited 2023 Feb 19] https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/1 0.1177/0888406419883665.
10. Hargittai E. Survey measures of web-oriented digital literacy.Soc Sci Comput Rev 2016;23(3):371–9. Aug 18 [cited 2023 Feb 8].https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/
0894439305275911.
11. Sánchez-Cruzado C, Santiago Campión R. Sánchez-Compaña MT. teacher digital
literacy: the indisputable challenge after COVID-19.Sustainability2021;13(4):1858. Feb 8 [cited 2023 Feb 18].https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/4/1858/htm.
12. Sirlin N, Epstein Z, Arechar AAet al.Digital literacy is associated with more discerning accuracy judgments but not sharing intentions.Harvard Kennedy School Misinf Rev 2022 Dec 6 [cited 2023 Feb 8].https://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/144237.<<Query: Pl ease provide the volume number and page range for reference 12. Ans:ledyaoktavializ [email protected]:Volume 2, Issue 6: 1-13>>
13. Jalil A, Tohara T, Shuhidan SMet al.Exploring digital literacy strategies for students with special educational needs in the digital age.Turk J Comput Math Educ
2021;12(9):3345–58. Apr 28 [cited 2023 Feb 8].https://www.turcomat.org/index.php/turk bilmat/article/view/5741.
