By
Rivani Farahmitha 11403082
BACHELOR’S DEGREE in
BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION – HOTEL AND TOURISM MANAGEMENT Concentration
FACULTY OF BUSINESS AND COMMUNICATION
SWISS GERMAN UNIVERSITY The Prominence Tower
Jalan Jalur Sutera Barat No. 15, Alam Sutera Tangerang, Banten 15143 - Indonesia
July 2019
Rivani Farahmitha STATEMENT BY THE AUTHOR
I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and to the best of my knowledge, it contains no material previously published or written by another person, nor material which to a substantial extent has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma at any educational institution, except where due acknowledgement is made in the thesis.
Rivani Farahmitha
_____________________________________________
Student Date
Approved by:
Munawaroh SE., MM.
_____________________________________________
Thesis Advisor Date
DR. Nila K. Hidayat SE., MM.
_____________________________________________
Dean Date
Rivani Farahmitha THE INFLUENCE OF THE MOODS AND EMOTIONS ON FEMALE
LEADERSHIP STYLE IN HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY
By
Rivani Farahmitha Munawaroh SE., MM., Advisor
SWISS GERMAN UNIVERSITY
The objective of this study is to determine the influence of moods and emotions on female leadership style in the hospitality industry. This research has moods and emotions as the independent variable and leadership style as the dependent variable.
Moods are known to have two indicators, which are; positive (good) and negative (bad), also emotions are also known to have two indicators, which are; positive (happy) and negative (powerful and powerless). The collected data for this study is from the distributed questionnaires that were responded by 100 female leaders in the hospitality industry. Multiple regression and Chi-Square test was for every indicator was conducted to analyze the collected data. The result shows that there are positive influences that come from moods and emotions insignificantly on female leadership style, with happiness emotion indicator as the biggest influence.
Keywords: Moods, Emotions, Leadership Style, Hospitality Industry.
Rivani Farahmitha
© Copyright 2019 by Rivani Farahmitha
All rights reserved
Rivani Farahmitha DEDICATION
I dedicate this thesis for all the women around the world, feminism movement and my brain cells that worked so hard on this thesis.
Rivani Farahmitha ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
First and foremost, thank you Allah SWT for giving me knowledge, time, strength and surround me with people who always support me.
Thank you mama and papa for never stop pray for me, for the endless love, and being my reason to stay alive.
Thank you DAY6 for giving me motivations, telling me to not give up and love myself through your songs.
Thank you my older siblings for giving me strength by trusted me that I will finish the work.
Thank you my unbiological sister, personal therapist, my very best friend, Savena Adelyn Firnanda for always keeping me sane when I did my thesis.
Thank you Ridwan as my 24/7 supporter.
Thank you Ms. Munawaroh for being such a supportive advisor for me and for the endless motivation that you gives for me to finish the thesis.
Thank you for Gabriella Windya, Khansa Qonita, Chatarina Putri, Evangelyn and all HTM Batch 2014 for sticking together and always supporting each other.
Rivani Farahmitha TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
STATEMENT BY THE AUTHOR ... 2
ABSTRACT ... 3
DEDICATION ... 5
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ... 6
TABLE OF CONTENTS ... 7
LIST OF FIGURES ... 11
LIST OF TABLES ... 12
CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION ... 14
1.1 Background ... 14
1.2 Research Problems ... 18
1.3 Research Objectives ... 18
1.4 Significance of Study ... 18
1.5 Research Questions ... 19
1.6 Hypothesis ... 16
CHAPTER 2 – LITERATURE REVIEW ... 20
2.1 Framework of Thinking ... 20
2.2 Theoritical Foundation ... 22
2.2.1Human Resource ... 22
2.2.2Organizational Behaviour ... 24
2.2.3 Moods ... 24
2.2.3.1Moods Structure ... 24
2.2.3.1.1High Positive Affect ... 24
2.2.3.1.2High Negative Affect ... 24
2.2.3.1.3Low Positive Affect ... 25
2.2.3.1.4Low Positive Affect ... 25
2.2.4 Emotions ... 25
2.2.4.1Emotion Dimensions ... 26
Rivani Farahmitha
2.2.5.1 Leadership Style Dimensions ... 26
2.2.5.1.1 Transformational Leadership Style ... 26
2.2.5.1.2Transactional Leadership Style ... 27
2.2.6 Female Leaders ... 28
2.2.7 Hospitality Industry ... 28
2.3 Previous Study ... 29
2.4 Study Differences ... 33
CHAPTER 3 – RESEARCH METHODS ... 34
3.1 Type of Study ... 34
3.2 Unit Analysis and Unit Observation ... 34
3.3 Sampling Design ... 34
3.3.1 Population ... 34
3.3.2 Sampling Method ... 35
3.3.3 Sample Size ... 35
3.4 Location and Time Frame of Study ... 36
3.5 Type of Data and Collection Method ... 38
3.5.1 Type of Data ... 37
3.5.1.1Secondary Data ... 37
3.5.1.2Primary Data ... 37
3.5.2 Data Collection Method ... 38
3.5.3 Questionnaire Structure ... 38
3.6 Research Model ... 39
3.7 Variable and Definition Operationalization ... 39
3.8 Data Processing Procedures ... 47
3.8.1Pre-Testing ... 47
3.8.2Post-Testing ... 47
3.8.3Validity Test ... 47
3.8.4Reliabity Test ... 48
3.9 Data Analysis Technique ... 48
3.9.1Classical Assumption Test ... 48
3.9.1.1Normality Test ... 48
3.9.1.2Heteroscedasticity Test ... 49
3.9.1.3Multicollinearity Test ... 49
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3.10.1F-Test ... 50
3.10.2T-Test ... 50
CHAPTER 4 – RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS ... 52
4.1 Introduction ... 52
4.2 Respondent Profile ... 52
4.2.1Age ... 52
4.2.2Hospitality Fields ... 53
4.2.3Lenghts of Work In The Hospitality Industry ... 53
4.2.4Lenghts of Working In The Leadership Position ... 54
4.3 Validity and Reliability ... 54
4.3.1Validity (Pre-Testing) ... 54
4.3.2Reliability (Pre-Testing) ... 56
4.3.2.1Moods ... 56
4.3.2.2Emotions ... 56
4.3.2.3 Leadership Style ... 56
4.3.3Validity (Post-Testing) ... 57
4.3.3.1Moods ... 57
4.3.3.2Emotions ... 59
4.3.3.3Leadership Style ... 60
4.3.4Reliability (Post-Testing) ... 61
4.3.4.1Moods ... 62
4.3.4.2Emotions ... 62
4.3.4.3 Leadership Style ... 62
4.4 Post Testing Result ... 62
4.4.1Normality Test ... 63
4.4.2Multicolinearity Test ... 64
4.4.3Heteroscedasticity ... 65
4.4.4Regression Model ... 65
4.4.4.1ANOVA Result ... 63
4.4.4.2Model Summary ... 66
4.4.4.3Chi-Square Test Per Indicator ... 67
4.4.4.3.1Moods – Positive ... 67
Rivani Farahmitha
4.4.4.3.3Emotions – Anger ... 69
4.4.4.3.4Emotions – Happiness ... 70
4.4.4.3.5Emotions – Sadness ... 71
4.5 Discussion ... 72
4.5.1Moods Cross Tabulation Summary ... 72
4.5.2Emotions Cross Tabulation Summary ... 73
4.5.3Further Discussion ... 74
CHAPTER 5 – CONCLUSIONS AND RECCOMENDATIONS ... 75
5.1 Conclusion ... 76
5.2 Reccomendation ... 76
GLOSSARY ... 80
ABBREVIATION ... 81
REFERENCES ... 82
APPENDICES ... 89
CURRICULUM VITAE ... 98
