[ The Role of Interior Design for Enhancing Positive Emotions within The House ]

http://www.ijias.issr-journals.org/

Corresponding Author: Amany Mashhour Hendy 147

ﻦﻜﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﻞﺧﺍﺩ ﺔﻴﺑﺎﺠﻳﻹﺍ ﻒﻁﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﺰﻳﺰﻌﺗ ﻲﻓ ﻲﻠﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺘﻟﺍ ﺭﻭﺩ

[ The Role of Interior Design for Enhancing Positive Emotions within The House ]

Amany Mashhour Hendy^1-2 and Nehal Nabil Zahra¹

1Assistant professor, Interior Design and Furniture Section, Faculty of Applied Arts, Damietta University, Egypt

2Associate professor, Faculty of Architecture Engineering and Design, Kingdom University, Bahrain

Copyright © 2018 ISSR Journals. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

ABSTRACT: Interior design has an important role in handling house spaces, not only by meeting physical needs and indoors activities but also achieving the psychological needs and positive emotions for house occupants. Enhancing positive emotions indoor house is one of the most priorities in contemporary life. Because of nowadays life stresses that around man, it makes him seeks to create quiet and safe environment in his house as a refuge.

The problem of research is there are many life stresses that man adapting difficulty, and he needs to take rest and feel happy inside his house. So, how can interior design enhance positive emotions for decreasing stresses and increasing human -house attachment? How sensory stimuli affect creating positive emotions inside house? Do house occupants emotional case change when interior design elements characteristics -that are considered environmental sensory stimuli - change? Are there special considerations for house design affect individuals’ emotions?

While designing residential spaces, there are different emotion are created, it may help its’ occupants attach with space or repugnance it. Hence, this research aims to determine the methods which can be used to enhancing individuals’ positive emotions by using interior design and Stimulating Senses to configure emotional human -house attachment, through analytical studies.

KEYWORDS: House interior design, design for emotions, sensory stimuli, positive emotions.

:ﺺﺨﻠﻤﻟﺍ ﻷﺍ ﺔﺳﺭﺎﻤﻣ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﺪﻤﺘﻌﺗ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﻴﺴﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺟﺎﻴﺘﺣﻻﺍ ﻪﻴﺒﻠﺗ ﻖﻳﺮﻁ ﻦﻋ ﻂﻘﻓ ﺲﻴﻟ ،ﻦﻜﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻏﺍﺮﻓ ﺔﺌﻴﻬﺗ ﻲﻓ ﻡﺎﻫ ﺭﻭﺩ ﻪﻟ ﻲﻠﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺘﻟﺍ ﻥﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺪﺘﻤﻳ ﻞﺑ ﺔﻄﺸﻧ

ﻟﺍ ﺰﻳﺰﻌﺗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻞﻤﻌﺗ ﺎﻫﺭﻭﺪﺑ ﻲﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﻜﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺟﺎﻴﺘﺣﻻﺍ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻒﻁﺍﻮﻌ

ﻠﻏﺎﺷ ﻯﺪﻟ ﺔﻴﺑﺎﺠﻳﻹﺍ ﻲ

ﺍ ﺰﻳﺰﻌﺗ ﺪﻌﻳﻭ .ﻦﻜﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺍﺪﺣﺍﻭ ﻦﻜﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﻞﺧﺍﺩ ﺔﻴﺑﺎﺠﻳﻹﺍ ﻒﻁﺍﻮﻌﻟ

ﺓﺮﺻﺎﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻳﻮﻟﻭﺃ

، ﻪﻨﻜﺴﻣ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺋﺩﺎﻫﻭ ﺔﻨﻣﺁ ﺔﺌﻴﺑ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺘﻟ ﻰﻌﺴﻳ ﻪﻠﻌﺠﻳ ﺎﻣ ﺍﺬﻫ .ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺑﻮﻌﺻ ﻦﻋ ﺔﺠﺗﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﺓﺪﻳﺪﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺴﻔﻨﻟﺍ ﻁﻮﻐﻀﻟﺎﺑ ﻁﺎﺤﻣ ﺚﻳﺪﺤﻟﺍ ﺮﺼﻌﻟﺍ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﺈﻓ

.ﺪﻴﺣﻮﻟﺍ ﻩﺄﺠﻠﻣ ﺮﺒﺘﻌﻳ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﺍ ﻢﻠﻗﺄﺗ ﺔﺑﻮﻌﺻ ﻲﻓ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻠﻜﺸﻣ ﺢﻀﺘﺗ ﺎﻨﻫ ﻦﻣﻭ ﻲﻠﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺘﻠﻟ ﻦﻜﻤﻳ ﻒﻴﻜﻓ .ﻪﻨﻜﺴﻣ ﻞﺧﺍﺩ ﺓﺩﺎﻌﺴﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﻌﺸﺘﺳﺍﻭ ﺔﺣﺍﺮﻟﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻪﺘﺟﺎﺣﻭ ﺔﻴﺗﺎﻴﺤﻟﺍ ﻁﻮﻐﻀﻟﺍ ﻊﻣ ﺮﺻﺎﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﻻ

ﻲﻓ ﺪﻋﺎﺴﻳ ﺎﻤﻣ ﺔﻴﺑﺎﺠﻳﻹﺍ ﻒﻁﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﺯﺰﻌﻳ ﻥﺃ ﺓﺩﺎﻳﺯﻭ ﺕﺎﻁﻮﻐﻀﻟﺍ ﺓﺬﻫ ﻦﻣ ﻒﻴﻔﺨﺘﻟﺍ

ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﻪﻨﻜﺴﻤﺑ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﻊﻣ ﻞﻋﺎﻔﺘﻟﺍ

ﻭ ؟ﻦﻜﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋﻭ ﺕﺍﺩﺮﻔﻣ ﺮﺛﺆﺗ ﻒﻴﻛ

ﻔﺤﻤﻟﺍ ﻴﻐﺘﻟﺍ ﻞﻫﻭ ؟ ﻦﻜﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﻞﺧﺍﺩ ﺔﻴﺑﺎﺠﻳﻹﺍ ﻒﻁﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﻦﻳﻮﻜﺗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﺴﺤﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺰ ﻴ

ﺮﻴﻐﺗ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻱﺩﺆﻳ ﻪﻴﺌﻴﺑ ﺔﻴﺴﺣ ﺕﺍﺰﻔﺤﻣ ﺎﻫﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺎﺑ ﻲﻠﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺘﻟﺍ ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋ ﺺﺋﺎﺼﺧ ﻰﻓ ﺮ

ﺗ ﻪﺗﺎﻁﺎﺸﻧﻭ ﻦﻜﺴﻤﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﺻﺎﺧ ﺔﻴﻤﻴﻤﺼﺗ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﺍ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﻞﻫﻭ .؟ ﻦﻜﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﻲﻠﻏﺎﺸﻟ ﺔﻴﻔﻁﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻟﺎﺤﻟﺍ ﻖﻠﻌﺘﺘ

؟ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﻸﻟ ﻲﻔﻁﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺐﻧﺎﺠﻟﺎﺑ

ﺎﻤﻛ ﻓ ﻦﻣ ﺭﻮﻔﻨﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻥﺎﻜﻤﻟﺎﺑ ﻢﻬﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺪﻋﺎﺴﺗ ﺪﻗ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﺮﻋﺎﺸﻣ ﻢﻬﻳﺪﻟ ﻥﻮﻜﺘﺗ ،ﺩﺍﺮﻓﻷﺍ ﺎﻬﻌﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﻌﺘﻳ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻨﻜﺴﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻏﺍﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺗ ﺪﻨﻋ ﻪﻧﺍ ﺚﺤﺒﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻑﺪﻬﻳﻭ .ﻪﺗﺎﻏﺍﺮ

ﻰﻟﺇ ﺔﻣﺪﺨﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻟﻷﺍ ﺪﻳﺪﺤﺗ ﺱﺍﻮﺣ ﺰﻴﻔﺤﺗﻭ ﻦﻳﻮﻜﺗﻭ ﻲﻠﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺘﻟﺍ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﺄﺑ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﻷﺍ ﻯﺪﻟ ﺔﻴﺑﺎﺠﻳﻹﺍ ﻒﻁﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﺰﻳﺰﻌﺘﻟ

ﻲﻔﻁﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﻻﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻝﻮﺻﻮﻠﻟ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﻷﺍ

ﻔﻟﺍ ﻊﻣ ﻰﻨﻜﺴﻟﺍ ﻍﺍﺮ

، .ﺔﻴﻠﻴﻠﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ

:ﺔﻴﺣﺎﺘﺘﻓﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﻠﻜﻟﺍ ﻦﻜﺴﻤﻠﻟ ﻲﻠﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺘﻟﺍ

، ﻒﻁﺍﻮﻌﻠﻟ ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺘﻟﺍ

، ﺔﻴﺴﺤﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺰﻔﺤﻤﻟﺍ

، .ﺔﻴﺑﺎﺠﻳﻹﺍ ﻒﻁﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ

:ﺔﻣﺪﻘﻣ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﺒﻠﻄﺘﻣ ﺏﺎﻌﻴﺘﺳﺍﻭ ﻪﻴﺒﻠﺗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﺩﺎﻗ ﻲﻠﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺘﻟﺍ ﻥﺇ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﺔﻏﺎﻴﺼﻓ .ﻲﻨﻜﺴﻟﺍ ﻍﺍﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﻞﺧﺍﺩ ﻢﻬﺘﻣﺎﻗﺇ ﻝﻼﺧ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﻸﻟ ﺓﺪﻳﺮﻓ ﺔﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﻢﻳﺪﻘﺗﻭ ، ﺔﻴﻔﻁﺎﻌﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻳﺪﺴﺠﻟﺍ

.ﺔﻴﻠﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻏﺍﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻖﺒﻄﺗ ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋﻭ ﺕﺍﺩﺮﻔﻣ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺎﻬﺘﻤﺟﺮﺗ ﻢﺛ ﻪﻴﻠﻏﺎﺷ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻬﻓﺎﻔﺸﺘﺳﺍ ﻢﺗ ﺕﺎﻴﻄﻌﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ءﺎﻨﺑ ﻢﺘﺗ ﻦﻜﺴﻤﻠﻟ ﻰﻠﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺘﻟﺍ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﻹﺍ ﺎﻬﺑ ﺮﻤﻳ ﺔﺑﺮﺠﺘﻟﺍ ﺓﺬﻫ

ﺳﺍﻮﺣ ﻖﻳﺮﻁ ﻦﻋ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺲﻜﻌﻨﺗ ﺎﻬﺘﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻝﺎﺒﻘﺘﺳﺍﻭ ﻝﺎﺳﺭﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﺙﺪﺤﺘﻓ ، ﻦﻴﻌﻣ ﺖﻗﻭﻭ ﻦﻴﻌﻣ ﻥﺎﻜﻣ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻪﺑ ﺔﻄﻴﺤﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﻊﻣ ﻞﺻﺍﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻣﺪﺨﺘﺴﻳ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﻪ

ﻥﺎﺴﻧﻻﺍ

.ﻪﻛﻮﻠﺳ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺱﺎﻜﻌﻧﺍ ﺎﻬﻌﺒﺘﻳ ﻲﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺟﺍﺰﻤﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻔﻁﺎﻌﻟﺍ

ISSN : 2028-9324 Vol. 24 No. 1, Aug. 2018 148 ﺰﻔﺤﻤﻟﺍ ﻖﻳﺮﻁ ﻦﻋ ﻻﻭﺃ ﺮﻋﺎﺸﻤﻟﺍ ﻩﺭﺎﺜﺘﺳﺎﺑ ﺔﻴﺑﺎﺠﻳﻹﺍ ﻒﻁﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﺰﻳﺰﻌﺗ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﺃﺪﺒﺗﻭ ﻓ . ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺴﺤﻟﺍ ﺕﺍ

ﻲﻫ ﺔﻔﻁﺎﻌﻟﺎ ﺎﻬﻨﻋ ﺞﺘﻨﻳ ﺔﻴﻧﺍﺪﺟﻭ ﺔﺑﺮﺠﺘﺑ ﺭﻮﻌﺸﻠﻟ ﻲﻟﺎﻌﻔﻧﺍ ﺩﺍﺪﻌﺘﺳﺍ

.ﻞﻘﻌﻟﺍ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺗ ﻲﻫﻭ ﺕﻻﺎﻌﻔﻧﻻﺍ ﺭﺪﺼﻣ ﺔﻔﻁﺎﻌﻟﺎﻓ ، ﺓﺮﻜﻓ ﻭﺃ ﺺﺨﺷ ﻭﺃ ءﻲﺷ ﻩﺎﺠﺗ ﻦﻴﻌﻣ ﻙﻮﻠﺴﺑ ﻡﺎﻴﻘﻟﺍ ﻩﺎﺠﺗ ﺐﻀﻐﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺭﻭﺮﺴﻟﺎﺑ ﺭﻮﻌﺸﻟﺎﻓ ﺓﺮﺑﺎﻋ ﻥﻮﻜﺗ ﻥﺃ ﻦﻜﻤﻳ ﻒﻁﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍﻭ

ﻥﺃ ﺎﻤﻛ .ﻲﻈﺤﻟ ﻥﻮﻜﻳ ﺎﻣ ءﻲﺷ ﺔﻔﻁﺎﻌﻟﺍ

ﺕﺍﺮﺛﺆﻤﻟﺍﻭ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﻷﺍ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻙﺎﻜﺘﺣﻻﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻞﻣﺎﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﺄﺸﻨﺗ ﻒﻁﺍﻮﻌﻟﺎﻓ ، ءﻲﺸﻟ ﻭﺃ ﺺﺨﺸﻟ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻔﺜﻜﻤﻟﺍ ﺮﻋﺎﺸﻤﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﻲﻫ

ﻲﻧﺍﻮﺛ) ﺍﺪﺟ ﺓﺮﻴﺼﻗ ﺎﻬﺗﺪﻣ ﻥﻮﻜﺗﻭ ﺩﺪـــﺤﻣ ﺙﺪﺣ ﻦﻋ ﺞﺘﻨﺗ ﻒﻁﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻤﻛ .ﻩﺮﻋﺎﺸﻣ ﺏﺎﺒﺳﺃ ﺎﻣ ﺩﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﻪﻴﻓ ﻙﺭﺪﻳ ﻦﻴﻌﻣ ﻞﻌﻓ ﺙﻭﺪﺣ ﻭﺃ ﻢﻬﺑ ﺔﻄﻴﺤﻤﻟﺍ ﻟﺍﻭ .(ﻖﺋﺎﻗﺩ ﻭﺃ

ﻒﻁﺍﻮﻌ

ﺓﺄﺟﺎـﻔﻤﻟﺍﻭ ،ﺯﺍﺰﺌﻤﺷﻻﺍﻭ ،ﺓﺩﺎــــﻌﺴﻟﺍﻭ ،ﻥﺰﺤﻟﺍﻭ ،ﻑﻮﺨﻟﺍﻭ ،ﺐﻀﻐﻟﺍ ﻞﺜﻣ ﺔﻋﻮــﻨﺘﻣﻭ ﺓﺩﺪﺤﻣ (Stephen P. Robbins and Timothy A. Judge, 2013, p. 98

:99) ﻒﻁﺍﻮﻌﻟﺎﻓ ، ﻲﺟﺭﺎﺧ ﺰﻔﺤﻣ ﺐﺒﺴﺑ ﺞﺘﻨﺗ ﻒﻁﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﻥﺍ ﺎﻤﻛ.

ﻤﻟﺎﺑ ﺮﺛﺄﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻠﻬﺳ ﻪﺼﺋﺎﺼﺧﻭ ﺔﻘﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﻪﺑﺭﺎﺠﺗ ﻊﻣ ﺞـﻣﺪﻨﺗ ﺮﻋﺎﺸﻣ ﺩﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﻯﺪﻟ ﺪﻟﻮﺗ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺟﺭﺎﺨﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺰﻔﺤ

ﻴﻔﻁﺎﻋ ﺕﺎﺟﻮﻣ ﺞﺘﻨﺗ ﺔﻴﺟﺭﺎﺨﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺰﻔﺤﻤﻟﺍ ﺩﺪﻌﺘﺑﻭ .ﻩﺪﻳﺪـﺤﺗﻭ ﻪـﺘﻈﺣﻼﻣ ﻦﻜــﻤﻳ ﻞﻌﻓ ﺩﺭ ﺎــــﻬﻨﻋ ﺞﺘﻨﻳﻭ .ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻘﺜﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺎﻤﺑﺭﻭ ﺔﻴﺼﺨﺸﻟﺍ ﺮﻴﻐﺗ ﺙﺪﺤﺗ ًﺎﻌﻣ ﻊﻁﺎﻘﺘﺗ ﺔﻔﺜﻜﻣ ﺔ

ﻋ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﻥﻮﻜﺘﺗ ﻢﺛ ﻰﺋﺎﻴﻤﻴﻛﻮﻴﺑ ﺔﻠﻳﻮﻁ ﺓﺮﺘﻔﻟ ﻡﻭﺪﺗ ﺔﻴﻔﻁﺎ

( P.Ekman and R.Davidson,, 1994, p. 58) ﺰﻴﻔﺤﺗ ﺙﺍﺪﺣﻹ ﻒﻁﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﺛﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﺎــــﻤﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﻦﻜﻤﻳ ﺍﺬﻟ .

ﺑ ءﺍﻮﺳ ﻦﻜﺴﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻠﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﻩﺎﺠﺗ ﺩﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﻞـﻌﻓ ﺩﺭ ﺪﻳﺪﺤﺗﻭ ، ﻲﻠﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺘﻟﺍ ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋ ﻡﺍﺪــﺨﺘﺳﺎﺑ ﻲﺒﻠﺳ ﻭﺃ ﻲﺑﺎﺠﻳﺇ ﺓﺩﺪﺤﻣ ﻒﻁﺍﻮﻋ ﺰﻴﻔﺤﺗ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣﺭﻮﻔﻨﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺏﺍﺬـﺠﻧﻻﺎ

.ﻦﻜﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﻞﺧﺍﺩ ﻍﺍﺮﻓ ﻞﻜﻟ ﺔﺒﺳﺎﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺟﺍﺰﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻟﺎﺤﻟﺍ ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ ﺎﻬﻨﻜﻤﻳ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺘﺘﻣ ﺓﺭﻮﺼﺑ

:ﻒﻁﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﻒﻴﻨﺼﺗ

ﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﺑ ﺮﻌﺸﻳ ﻰﺘﻟﺍ ﻒﻁﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺕﺍﺮﺸﻌﻟﺍ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﺩﺮﻔ

،ﻥﺰﺤﻟﺍﻭ ،ﻑﻮﺨﻟﺍﻭ ،ﺐﻀﻐﻟﺍﻭ ﻲﻫﻭ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﺳﺃ ﻒﻁﺍﻮﻋ ﺖﺳ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ ءﺎﻤﻠﻌﻟﺍ ﻢﻈﻌﻣ ﻖﻔﺗﺃ ﻦﻜﻟﻭ ،ﺓﺩﺎﻌﺴﻟﺍﻭ

ﺓﺄﺟﺎﻔﻤﻟﺍﻭ ،ﺯﺍﺰﺌﻤﺷﻻﺍﻭ (Stephen P. Robbins and Timothy A. Judge, 2013, p. 100)

.

) ﻢﻗﺭ ﻝﻭﺪﺟ

" ﺔﻴﺳﺎﺳﻷﺍ ﻒﻁﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﺪﻳﺪﺤﺘﻟ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﺕﺎﺳﺍﺭﺩ ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻧ ﺢﺿﻮﻳ (1 Basic Emotions

"

ﻦﻣ ﻼﻛ ﻡﺎﻗ ﺪﻗﻭ

“ Paul Ekman " ﻭ "

Wallace Friesen ﻡﺎﻋ ﻲﻓ "

1971 ﻊﻴﻤﺟ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺓﺪﺣﻮﻣ ﺎﻬﻧﺃ ﻱﺃ) ﺔﻴﻤﻟﺎﻋ ﺮﻋﺎﺸﻤﻟﺍ ﺖﻧﺎﻛ ﺍﺫﺇ ﺎﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩ ﻞﻤﻌﺑ ﻡ (ﺮﺸﺒﻟﺍ

ﻞﻴﺠﺴﺗﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﻨﺠﻟﺍ ﻦﻴﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﺮﺸﺒﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺺﺼﻗ ﻯﻭﺭ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ .؟ﺮﺸﺒﻟﺍ ﻞﻛ ﺪﻨﻋ ﺮﻋﺎﺸﻤﻟﺍ ﺲﻔﻧ ﺪﺟﻮﺗ ﻞﻫﻭ ؟ﺔﻴﺳﺎﺳﺃ ﻒﻁﺍﻮﻋ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﻞﻫﻭ ؟ ﻻ ﻡﺃ ﻢﻫﺮﻋﺎﺸﻣ

ﺰﺌﻤﺷﻻﺍﻭ ﻥﺰـــــﺤﻟﺍﻭ ﺐـــﻀﻐﻟﺍﻭ ﺓﺩﺎـــــــــﻌﺴﻟﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﺖﺘﺒﺛﺍﻭ ،ﻪﺟﻮﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺮﻴﺒﻌﺗ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﻝﻻﺪﺘﺳﻻﺍﻭ ﺎﻬﻔﻳﺮﻌﺗﻭ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﺳﺃ ﻒﻁﺍﻮﻋ ﻲﻫ ﻑﻮﺨﻟﺍﻭ ﺓﺄﺟﺎﻔﻤﻟﺍﻭ ﺯﺍ

ﻫ ﺮﻋﺎﺸﻤﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻥﺃﻭ ،ﺾﻌﺒﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﻀﻌﺑ ﻦﻋ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﺗ ﻲﺘﻟﺍﻭ ،"ﺔﻴﺳﺎﺳﻷﺍ ﻒﻁﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ" ﻦﻣ ﺖﺑﺎﺛ ﺩﺪﻋ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﻥﺎﻓ ﻚﻟﺫ ﻰﻠﻋ ءﺎﻨﺑﻭ .ﺩﺍﺮﻓﻷﺍ ﻊﻴﻤﺟ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺔﻛﺮﺘﺸﻣ ﻞﻛ ﻥﻷ 'ﺔﻴﺳﺎﺳﻷﺍ' ﻲ

ﺔﻳﺮﺸﺒﻟﺍ ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻟﺍ ﻊﻣ ﻒﻴﻜﺘﻟﺍ ﻦﻋ ﺞﺘﻨﺗ ﺔﻳﻮﻨﻌﻣ ﺔﻤﻴﻗ ﻪﻟ ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ﺓﺪﺣﺍﻭ (Jokinen, 2015, p. 47)

.

) ﻢﻗﺭ ﻞﻜﺷ ﻟﺍ ﻒﻴﻨﺼﺘﻟ ﻂﻄﺨﻣ ﺢﺿﻮﻳ (1

ﻒﻁﺍﻮﻌ

ﻥﻮﻜﺗ ﻥﺃ ﻦﻜﻤﻳ ﻻ ﻒﻁﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﻥﻻ ،ﺐﻧﺬﻟﺍﻭ ﺐﻀﻐﻟﺍ ﻞﺜﻣ ﺔﻴﺒﻠﺳ ﻥﻮﻜﺗ ﻭﺃ ،ﻥﺎﻨﺘﻣﻻﺍﻭ ﺡﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﻞﺜﻣ ﺔﻴﺑﺎﺠﻳﺇ ﻥﻮﻜﺗ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻣﺇ ﻦﻴﻋﻮﻧ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻒﻁﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﻢﺴﻘﻨﺗﻭ ﻢﺴﻘﺗ ﺎﻣﺪﻨﻋﻭ .ﺓﺪﻳﺎﺤﻣ

ﻳ ﻪﻧﻷ ﺔﻴﺟﺍﺰﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻟﺎﺤﻠﻟ ﺪﻳﺪﺤﺗ ﺍﺬﻫ ﺮﺒﺘﻌﻴﻓ ﺔﻴﺒﻠﺳﻭ ﺔﻴﺑﺎﺠﻳﺇ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻒﻁﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﻱﺪﺣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻔﻁﺎﻋ ﻞﻛ ﺔﻳﺩﺮﻓ ﺖﺴﻴﻟﻭ ﺔﻣﺎﻋ ﺓﺭﻮﺼﺑ ﺎﻬﻴﻟﺇ ﺮﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﻢﺘ

(Stephen P. Robbins and

Timothy A. Judge, 2013, p. 100) .

ﻑﻁﺍﻭﻌﻟﺍ ﻑﻳﻧﺻﺗ

ﺔﻳﺑﻠﺳﻟﺍ ﻑﻁﺍﻭﻌﻟﺍ Negative Emotions

ﺔﻳﺑﺎﺟﻳﻻﺍ ﻑﻁﺍﻭﻌﻟﺍ Positive Emotions

ﺔﻌﺗﻣﻟﺍ ﻑﻁﺍﻭﻋ Pleasure Emotions

ISSN : 2028-9324 Vol. 24 No. 1, Aug. 2018 149 ﺔﻴﺑﺎﺠﻳﻹﺍ ﻒﻁﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ  positive emotions

:

ﻴﻋﺍﺪﺑﺇﻭ ﺔﻧﺮﻣﻭ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﻋ ﺮﻴﻏ ﺔﻳﺮﻜﻓ ﻁﺎﻤﻧﺃ ﺝﺎﺘﻧﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺑﺎﺠﻳﻻﺍ ﻒﻁﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﺪﻋﺎﺴﺗ ، ﻱﺩﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﻱﺮﻜﻔﻟﺍ ﻁﺎﺸﻨﻟﺍ ﻊﺳﻮﺗﻭ . ﻉﺍﺪﺑﻻﺍﻭ ﻉﻮﻨﺘﻟﺍ ﻰﻟﺍ ﺩﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﻙﻮﻠﺳ ﻪﺟﻮﺗﻭ ، ﺩﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﻯﺪﻟ ﺔ

ﻞﻀﻓﺃ ﺞﺋﺎﺘﻧ ﺕﺮﻬﻅﺃ ﺎﺿﺮﻟﺍﻭ ﺡﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﺮﻋﺎﺸﻣ ﻥﺃ ﺐﻀﻐﻟﺍﻭ ﻑﻮﺨﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺎﺿﺮﻟﺍﻭ ﺡﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﺮﻋﺎﺸﻣ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ءﺎﻨﺛﺃ ﻱﺮﻜﻔﻟﺍ ﻁﺎﺸﻨﻟﺍ ﻝﺪﻌﻣ ﺱﺎﻴﻘﻟ ﺔﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﻲﻔﻓ ﺔﻴﺑﺎﺠﻳﻹﺍ ﻒﻁﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻤﻛ .

ﻴﻏ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻜﺗ ﺪﺋﺍﻮﻓ ﺎﻫﺭﻭﺪﺑ ﻞﻤﺤﺗ ﺍﻮﻤﻟﺍﻭ ، ﺕﺎﻗﺍﺪﺼﻟﺍ ﻢﻋﺪﻟﺍ ﻞﺜﻣ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻮﻤﻟﺍﻭ ، ﺮﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﻝﻮﻁﻭ ﺔﺤﺼﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﻨﻣﻭ ﺔﻳﺩﺎﻤﻟﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻮﻤﻟﺍ ﺰﻳﺰﻌﺗ ﻲﻓ ﺪﻋﺎﺴﺗ ﺪﻣﻷﺍ ﺔﻠﻳﻮﻁﻭ ﺓﺮﺷﺎﺒﻣ ﺮ

ﺩﺭ

ﻝﺅﺎﻔﺘﻟﺍ ﻭ ﻉﺍﺪﺑﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻧﻭﺮﻤﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﻨﻣﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﻔﻨﻟﺍ ﺩﺭﺍﻮﻤﻟﺍﻭ ، ﺔﻴﻓﺮﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﺓﺮﺒﺨﻟﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻳﺯﻭ ﺮﻜﻔﻟﺍ ﺭﻮﻄﺗ ﺎﻬﻨﻣﻭ ﺔﻳﺮﻜﻔﻟﺍ (Michele M. TugadeFredrickson and Barbara L.,

2002, pp. 319-340) .

ﺔﻌﺘﻤﻟﺍ ﻒﻁﺍﻮﻋ Pleasure emotions

:

ﻣ ﺔﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﻲﻟﺇ ﺔﻓﺎﺿﻹﺎﺑ ، ﺔﻴﺒﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﺮﻋﺎﺸﻤﻠﻟ ﻡﺎﺗ ﺏﺎﻴﻏ ﻞﻅ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺑﺎﺠﻳﻹﺍ ﺮﻋﺎﺸﻤﻠﻟ ﻰﺼﻗﻷﺍ ﺪﺤﻟﺍ ﻰﻄﺨﺗ ﻪﻧﺃ ﻰﻨﻌﺗ ﺔﻌﺘﻤﻟﺍ ﺮﻋﺎﺸﻤﻟ ﺩﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﻝﻮﺻﻭ ﻥﺍ ﺝﺭﺪﺘﺗ ﺔﻴﻣﺎﺳ ﺮﻋﺎﺸ

ﻻﻮﺻﻭ ﺕﺎﻴﻧﺎﺣﻭﺮﻟﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ

ﺔﻴﺒﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﻒﻁﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ  Negative emotions

:

ﺍ ﻒﻁﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﺗﻭ . ﺔﺑﺮﻄﻀﻣ ﻭﺃ ﺔﺋﺩﺎﻫ ﻥﻮﻜﺗ ﺪﻗ ﻝﺎﻌﻓﺃ ﺩﻭﺩﺭ ﺎﻬﺒﺤﺼﺗﻭ ، ﺓﺪﺸﺑ ﺓﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣﻭ ﻞﺟﻷﺍ ﺓﺮﻴﺼﻗ ﺓﺭﺎﺳ ﺮﻴﻏ ﺕﻻﺎﺣ ﻲﻫ ﺔﻴﺒﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﻒﻁﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﻥﺍ ﻪﻴﺒﻠﺗ ﻡﺪﻌﺑ ﺔﻴﺒﻠﺴﻟ

ﻂﺒﺗﺮﺗ ﺎﻤﻛ ، ﻁﺎﺒﺣﻹﺍ ﺐﺒﺴﻳ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﻑﺍﺪﻫﻷﺍ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻡﺪﻋﻭ ﺕﺎﺟﺎﻴﺘﺣﻻﺍ ﻩﺮﻋﺎﺸﻣﻭ ﻪﺗﺎﺟﺎﻴﺘﺣﺍ ﻊﻣ ﻝﺎﺼﺗﻻﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﺪﻗ ﻡﺪﻋ ﻲﻓ ﻞﺜﻤﺘﺗﻭ ﻒﻁﺍﻮﻌﻠﻟ ﺔﻟﺎﻌﻔﻟﺍ ﺮﻴﻏ ﺓﺭﺍﺩﻹﺎﺑ

ﻥﺍ ﺎﻤﻛ .ﺩﻮﻴﻘﻟﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﺑﻮﻘﻌﻟﺍﻭ ﺮﺋﺎﺴﺨﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻣﺩﺎﺼﻟﺍ ﺙﺍﺪﺣﻷﺍﻭ ﻲﺒﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﺮﻴﻜﻔﺘﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﻴﺒﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﺮﻋﺎﺸﻤﻟﺍ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﺗ ﺎﻤﻛ . ﻪﺗﺍﺫ ﺔﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﻡﺪﻋﻭ ﻒﻁﺍﻮﻌﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﺻﺎﺨﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﻳﺮﺠﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﻢﻈﻌﻣ

ﻥﺃ ﺖﺘﺒﺛﺃ ﺔﻴﺒﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻁﺍﺮﺨﻧﻻﺍ ﺽﺎﻔﺨﻧﺍﻭ ، ﺎﺿﺮﻟﺍ ﻡﺪﻋﻭ ، ﺔﻴﺒﻠﺴﻟﺍ ءﺎﻴﺷﻷﺍﻭ ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺰﻴﻛﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﻰﻟﺍ ﻞﻴﻤﻟﺍﻭ ، ﺮﻴﻜﻔﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﺪﻴﻘﺗ ﻞﺜﻣ ﺓﺭﺎﺿ ﺭﺎﺛﺁ ﺎﻬﻟ

ﺩﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﻯﺪﻟ ﻲﻔﻁ

(Andrieș, 2011, p. 27:33) .

)ﻢﻗﺭ ﻞﻜﺷ ﺝﺍﺰﻤﻠﻟ ﻲﺋﺎﻨﺒﻟﺍ ﻞﻜﻴﻬﻟﺍ ﺢﺿﻮﻳ (2 (ﻒﻁﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﻦﻣ ﻥﻮﻜﺘﻤﻟﺍ)

ﺓﺭﺎﺛﻹﺍ ﻞﺜﻤﺗ (،) ﻢﻗﺭ ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ

ﺑﺎﺠﻳﺇ ﻰﻠﻋﻷﺍ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺒﺼﻌﻟﺍ ﻞﺜﻤﺗﻭ ، ﺔﻴﺑﺎﺠﻳﺇ ﻞﻗﻷﺍ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺘﻟﺍ ﻞﻠﻤﻟﺍ ﻞﺜﻤﻳﻭ ، ﺔﻴ

ءﺎﺧﺮﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﻞﺜﻤﻳﻭ ، ﺔﻴﺒﻠﺳ ﻰﻠﻋﻷﺍ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺘﻟﺍ

ﻞﻗﻷﺍ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺘﻟﺍ

ﻥﺰﺤﻟﺍ ﻞﺜﻤﻳ ﺎﻤﻨﻴﺑ ، (ﺾﻔﺨﻨﻣ ﻰـــﺒﻠﺳ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗﻭ ﻲـــﻟﺎﻋ ﻲـــﺑﺎﺠﻳﺇ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ) ﻦﻣ ﻂﻴﻠﺧ ﺔﺣﺍﺮﻟﺍ ﻞﺜﻤﻳ ﺎﻤﻛ . ﺔﻴﺒﻠﺳ ﻲﺒﻠﺳ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ) ﻦﻣ ﻂﻴﻠﺧ

.(ﺾﻔﺨﻨﻣ ﻲﺑﺎﺠﻳﺇ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗﻭ ﻲﻟﺎﻋ ﻆﺣﻼﻳﻭ

ﺍ ﻥﺍ ﺪﻳﺪﺤﺗ ﻦﻜﻤﻳ ﺎﻨﻫ ﻦﻣﻭ.ﻲﺒﻠﺳ ﻡﺃ ﻲﺑﺎﺠﻳﺇ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﺕﺍﺫ ﺖﻧﺎﻛ ﺍﺫﺇ ﺎﻣ ﺪﻳﺪﺤﺗ ﻦﻜﻤﻳ ﻻ ﺎﻬﻧﻷ ﺓﺄﺟﺎﻔﻤﻟﺍ ﻞﺜﻣ ﻒﻁﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﻞﻛ ﻊﻤﺠﻳ ﻻ ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻥﺃ ﻱﺪﻣ ﺎﻬﻟ ﺓﺪﻴﺠﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺟﺍﺰﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻟﺎﺤﻟ

ﺃ . ءﻭﺪﻬﻟﺍﻭ ﻩﺎﺒﺘﻧﻻﺍ ﻪﻋﺎﻗﻭ ، ﺔﺣﺍﺮﻟﺍﻭ ﺓﺩﺎﻌﺴﻟﺍ ﻪﺘﻤﻗ ﻰﻨﺤﻨﻣ ﻞﺜﻤﺗ ﻒﻁﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﻦﻣ ﻥﻮﻜﺘﻳ ﻦﻴﻌﻣ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻋﻮﺠﻣ ﻦﻣ ﻥﻮﻜﺘﻳ ﻦﻴﻌﻣ ﻯﺪﻣ ﺎﻬﻟ ﺔﺌﻴﺴﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺟﺍﺰﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻟﺎﺤﻟﺍ ﺎﻣ

.ﺐﻌﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺮﺗﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﻪﻋﺎﻗﻭ ، ﻥﺰﺤﻟﺍﻭ ﺝﺎﻋﺰﻧﻻﺍ ﻪﺘﻤﻗ ﻰﻨﺤﻨﻣ ﻞﺜﻤﺗ ﻒﻁﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ

ISSN : 2028-9324 Vol. 24 No. 1, Aug. 2018 150 ﺓﺩﻳﺟﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺟﺍﺯﻣﻟﺍ ﺔﻟﺎﺣﻟﺍ ﻰﻧﺣﻧﻣ

ﺔﺋﻳﺳﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺟﺍﺯﻣﻟﺍ ﺔﻟﺎﺣﻟﺍ ﻰﻧﺣﻧﻣ

)ﻢﻗﺭ ﻞﻜﺷ ﺢﺿﻮﻳ (3

ﺎﺸﻨﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﻌﻣﻭ ﻒﻁﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﺭﺎﻴﻌﻤﺑ ﺎﻫﺮﺛﺄﺗﻭ ﺔﻴﺟﺍﺰﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻟﺎﺤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻴﻨﺤﻨﻣ ﻁ

: ﻒﻁﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻳﺮﻈﻧ

ﻟﺎﻜﺷﺇ ﻝﻭﺎﻨﺗ ﻢﺘﻓ ﺕﺎﻳﺮﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﺖﻔﻠﺘﺧﺍ ﻦﻜﻟﻭ، ﺎﻬﻟ ﺓﺮﺴﻔﻣ ﺢﻣﻼﻣ ﻊﺿﻭﻭ ﻒﻁﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﺮﻴﺴﻔﺗ ﺖﻟﻭﺎﺣ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻳﺮﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺪﻳﺪﻌﻟﺍ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻪﻬﺟﻭ ﻦﻣ ﺮﺜﻛﺃ ﻦﻣ ﻒﻁﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻴ

ﺔﻴﺣﺎﻨﻟﺍﻭ ، ﻲﻨﻴﺠﻟﺍ ﺙﺍﺮﺘﻟﺎﺑ ﺎﻬﻘﻠﻌﺗﻭ ﺔﻴﺛﺍﺭﻮﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺣﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻒﻁﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺩ ﻢﺗ ﺪﻗﻭ .ﺩﺪﺤﻣ ﻲﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﺭﺎﻁﺇ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﻌﺿﻭﻭ ﺎﻬﻟ ﻊﺳﻭﺃ ﻢﻬﻔﻟ ﺔﻟﻭﺎﺤﻣ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﻜﻴﺴﻟﺍﻭ ، ﺔﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﻴﺴﻔﻟﺍ

،

ﺎﺳﺍﺭﺩﻭ ، ﺔﻴﻟﺎﺤﻟﺍ ﺔﻔﻁﺍﻮﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺩﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﻯﺪﻟ ﺔﻘﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻔﻁﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺮﺒﺨﻟﺍ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗﻭ ﺭﻮﻄﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺮﻈﻧ ﻒﻁﺍﻮﻌﻠﻟ ﺓﺮﺴﻔﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻳﺮﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﻦﻤﻓ .ﺩﺮﻔﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﺼﺨﺸﻟﺍ ﺓﺮﺒﺨﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﻄﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﻯﺮﺧﺃ ﺕ

،

ﺍﺪﺠﻳﺮﻔﻟ ﻒﻁﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺮﻈﻧﻭ ،ﺔﻴﻓﺮﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺮﻈﻨﻟﺍﻭ ، ﺔﻴﻧﺍﺪﺟﻮﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻘﺒﺳﻷﺍ ﺔﻳﺮﻈﻧ ، ﺔﻠﺼﻔﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﻒﻁﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺮﻈﻧ ، ﺔﻴﺒﺼﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﻴﺴﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻳﺮﻈﻨﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻧﺍﺪﺟﻮﻟﺍ ﺙﺍﺪﺣﻷﺍ ﺔﻳﺮﻈﻧﻭ ،

،

ﻁﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺐﻳﺮﺴﺘﻟﺍ ﺝﺫﺎﻤﻧﻭ ﻰﻔ

(Andrieș, 2011, p. 28:29) .

ﻰﻫ ﻒﻁﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﺮﻴﺴﻔﺗ ﻰﻓ ﺔﻤﻬﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻳﺮﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻤﻛ ﺎﻤﻠﻛ ﻪﻧﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ءﺎـــــــــﻨﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺿﺮﻓ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﺺﻨﺗ ﻰﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺑﺎﺠﻳﻹﺍ ﻒﻁﺍﻮﻌﻠﻟ ﻊــﻴﺳﻮﺘﻟﺍﻭ ءﺎــــــــــﻨﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺮﻈﻧ

ﺽﺮﻌﺗ

ﺮﺜﻛﺃ ﺔﻴﺑﺎﺠﻳﺇ ﻒﻁﺍﻮﻌﻟ ﺩﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﺳﻮﺗ ﻰﻟﺍ ﻯﺩﺆﻳ ﺔﻴﺑﺎﺠﻳﻹﺍ ﻒﻁﺍﻮﻌﻟﺎﺑ ﺩﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﺱﺎﺴﺣﺇ ﻥﺃ ﺓﺮﻜﻓ ﻰﻨﺒﺘﺗ ﻊﻴﺳﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺿﺮﻔﻟ ﺔﺒﺴﻨﻟﺎﺑﻭ .ﺔــــــﻴﺼﺨﺸﻟﺍ ﻩﺩﺭﺍﻮــــﻣ ﺕﺭﻮﻄﺗ ﺎـــــــﻤﻠﻛ

ﻊﻴ

ﻊـــﻓﺍﻭﺪﻟﺍﻭ ﻡﺎﻤﺘﻫﻻﺍﻭ ﻙﺍﺭﺩﻻﺍﻭ ءﺎﻀﻋﻷﺍ ﻞﺜﻣ ﺔﻴﻔﻴﻅﻮﻟﺍ ﺕﻻﺎﺠﻤﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺮﻴﺜﻛ ﻲﻓ ﺖﻗﺆﻣ (Cohn, 2008, pp. 2,3)

.

)ﻢﻗﺭ ﻞﻜﺷ ﻠﻟ ءﺎﻨﺒﻟﺍﻭ ﻊﻴﺳﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺮﻈﻨﻟ ﻂﻄﺨﻣ ﺢﺿﻮﻳ (4

ﻒﻁﺍﻮﻌ ﺔﻴﺑﺎﺠﻳﻹﺍ

ISSN : 2028-9324 Vol. 24 No. 1, Aug. 2018 151 ﺔﻘﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻳﺮﻈﻨﻟﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺎﻘﺒﻁﻭ

ﻜﺴﻤﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻠﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻠﻟ ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺘﻟﺍ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﺃ ﺎﻬﻨﻣﻭ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺰﻔﺤﻤﻟﺎﺑ ﺓﺮﺷﺎﺒﻣ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﺕﺍﺫ ﺮﺒﺘﻌﺗ ﻲﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﻒﻁﺍﻮﻌﻟﺎﺑ ﺓﺮﺛﺆﻤﻟﺍ ﻁﺎﻘﻨﻟﺍ ﺾﻌﺑ ﺢﻴﻘﻨﺗ ﻢﺗ : ﻲﻫ ﻁﺎﻘﻨﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫﻭ ، ﻦ

ﺍ ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺘﻟﺍ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﺃ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﻸﻟ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﺳﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﺟﺎﻴﺘﺣﻻﺍ ﺪﺳ ﻯﺪﻤﺑ ﻒﻁﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﺮﺛﺄﺘﺗ  .ﻲﻠﺧﺍﺪﻟ

ﻟ ﻁﺎﺸﻨﻟﺍ ﻝﺪﻌﻣﻭ ﺔﻴﻧﺪﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﺣﺍﺮﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﻄﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﺔﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﻴﺴﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﻟﺎﺤﻟﺍﻭ ، ﻲﺒﺼﻌﻟﺍ ﺯﺎﻬﺠﻟﺍ ﺮﻴﺜﻳ ﺎﻣ ﻞﻛﻭ ﺩﺮﻔﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﻴﺴﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﻟﺎﺤﻟﺎﺑ ﻒﻁﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﺮﺛﺄﺘﺗ  . ﻦﻜﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﻞﺧﺍﺩ ﺩﺮﻔﻠ

ءﺍﻮﺳ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻨﻟﺍ ﻥﻮﻜﺗ ﺎﻌﻣ ﺔﻔﻁﺎﻋ ﻦﻣ ﺮﺜﻛﺄﺑ ﺭﻮﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺩﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﺽﺮﻌﺗ ﺍﺫﺇ ﻥﺃ ﻱﺃ ، ﺎﻌﻣ ﺎﻬﻠﺧﺍﺪﺘﺑ ﻒﻁﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﺮﺛﺄﺘﺗ  .ﺔﻴﺒﻠﺳ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﺑﺎﺠﻳﺇ ﻒﻁﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﺖﻧﺎﻛ

.ﻢﻬﺑ ﺔﻄﻴﺤﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺌﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺮﺛﺆﻤﻠﻟ ﻢﻬﻛﺍﺭﺩﺇ ﺮﻴﻐﺘﺑ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﻷﺍ ﻯﺪﻟ ﻒﻁﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﺮﻴﻐﺘﺘﻓ ، ﺩﺮﻔﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻓﺮﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﻞﻣﺍﻮﻌﻟﺎﺑ ﻒﻁﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﺮﺛﺄﺘﺗ  . ﺩﺍﺮﻓﻸﻟ ﺔﻘﺑﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺮﺒﺨﻟﺎﺑ ﻒﻁﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﺮﺛﺄﺘﺗ  ﺔﻴﻧﺍﺪﺟﻮﻟﺍ ﺔﻟﺎﺤﻟﺍ ﻦﻴﺴﺤﺗ ﻰﻓ ﻢﻫﺎﺴﻳ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﻷﺍ ﻯﺪﻟ ﺔﻴﺑﺎﺠﻳﻹﺍ ﻒﻁﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﺰﻳﺰﻌﺗ  .ﻞﻜﻛ

: ﻒﻁﺍﻮﻌﻠﻟ ﺕﺍﺰﻔﺤﻤﻛ ﻲﻠﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺘﻟﺍ ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋ

ﺎﻫﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋﻭ ﺎﻬﺗﺎﻧﻮﻜﻣ ﺮﻌﺸﺘﺴﻳﻭ ﺔﻄﻴﺤﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻟﺎﺑ ﺩﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﻞﺼﺘﻴﻓ ، ﺩﺍﺮﻓﻷﺍ ﻒﻁﺍﻮﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺮﺛﺆﺗ ﻦﻜﺴﻤﻠﻟ ﻲﻠﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﻍﺍﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﻞﺧﺍﺩ ﺔﻴﺴﺤﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺰﻔﺤﻤﻟﺍ ﻥﺍ ﻪﺳﺍﻮﺣ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ

ﺔﻔﻁﺎﻋ ﻦﻳﻮﻜﺗﻭ ﺎﻫﺮﻴﺴﻔﺘﺑ ﻡﻮﻘﻳ ﻩﺭﻭﺪﺑ ﻱﺬﻟﺍﻭ ﻞﻘﻌﻠﻟ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﺷﺇ ﻝﺎﺳﺭﺈﺑ ﻡﻮﻘﺗ ﻰﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﻰﻠﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺘﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﺴﺤﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺰﻔﺤﻤﻟﺍ ﻒﻨﺼﺗﻭ . ﺔﻴﺒﻠﺳ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﺑﺎﺠﻳﺇ ﺖﻧﺎﻛ ﺍﺫﺇ ﺎﻣ ﺪﻳﺪﺤﺗﻭ ﺓﺩﺪﺤﻣ

ﻦﻣ ﺩﺮﻔﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﺑﺎﺠﻳﻹﺍ ﻒﻁﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﺰﻳﺰﻌﺗ ﻦﻜﻤﻳ ﻲﻠﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺘﻟﺍ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣﻭ .ﺔﻴﻤﺷ ﺕﺍﺰﻔﺤﻣ ، ﺔﻴﻌﻤﺳ ﺕﺍﺰﻔﺤﻣ ، ﺔﻴﺴﻤﻟ ﺕﺍﺰﻔﺤﻣ ، ﺔﻳﺮﺼﺑ ﺕﺍﺰﻔﺤﻣ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻢﻏﺎﻨﺗ ﺙﺍﺪﺣﺇ ﻝﻼﺧ

ﺗ ﻦﻳﻮﻜﺗ ﻑﺪﻬﺑ ﺕﺍﺰﻔﺤﻤﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﻦﻴﺑ .ﻰﻨﻜﺴﻟﺍ ﻍﺍﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﻞﺧﺍﺩ ﺓﺪﻴﺟ ﺔﻴﺟﺍﺰﻣ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﻪﻟ ﻖﻠﺨﺗ ﺩﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﻯﺪﻟ ﺔﻴﺑﺎﺠﻳﺇ ﺔﻴﻔﻁﺎﻋ ﺔﺑﺮﺠ

ﻼﻀﻓ ،ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺍﻭ ﻢﺠﺤﻟﺍﻭ ،ﺲﻤﻠﻤﻟﺍﻭ ،ﺕﺎﻣﺎﺨﻟﺍﻭ ،ءﻮﻀﻟﺍﻭ ،ﻥﻮﻠﻟﺍ ﻞﺜﻣ ﻲﻠﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺘﻟﺍ ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋ ﺺﺋﺎﺼﺧ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻱﺮﺼﺒﻟﺍ ءﺎﻀﻔﻠﻟ ﻙﺍﺭﺩﻹﺍ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻋ ﺪﻤﺘﻌﺗﻭ ﺕﺎﻗﻼﻌﻟﺍ ﻦﻋ

ﻢﻬﻨﻴﺑ ﺔﻟﺩﺎﺒﺘﻤﻟﺍ .

ﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﺎﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﻲﻓﻭ .ﻍﺍﺮﻔﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﻔﻁﺎﻋ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﺃ ﻖﻠﺨﻟ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻣ ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺗ ﺉﺩﺎﺒﻣ ﻡﺪﺨﺘﺴﺗ ﻲﻠ

ﺗﻭ ﻪﺟﺍﺰﻣﻭ ﻪﻔﻁﺍﻮﻋﻭ ﻩﺮﻋﺎﺸﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺮﺛﺆﺗ ﻲﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺩﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﺸﻴﻌﻳ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻜﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﺑﺮﺠﺘﻠﻟ ﺔﻴﺴﻔﻨﻟﺍ ﺩﺎﻌﺑﻷﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻞﺜﻤﺘﺗ ﻦﻛﺎﻣﻸﻟ ﺔﻴﻔﻁﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺐﻧﺍﻮﺠﻟﺎﻓ ﻞﺧﺍﺩ ﻪﺗﺎﻴﻛﻮﻠﺳﻭ ﻪﺗﻼﻴﻀﻔ

ﻍﺍﺮﻔﻟﺍ (Asma Naz, Regis Kopper , Ryan P.McMahan and Mihai Nadin, 2017, p. 1:9) .

ﻦﻜﺴﻤﻠﻟ ﻲﻠﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﻍﺍﺮﻔﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﻴﺴﺤﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺰﻔﺤﻤﻟﺍ ﺢﺿﻮﻳ (5) ﻢﻗﺭﻞﻜﺷ

ﺔﻳﺮﺼﺒﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺰﻔﺤﻤﻟﺍ:ﻻﻭﺃ Visual Stimuli

:

:ﺔﻔﻁﺎﻌﻟﺍﻭ ﻥﻮﻠﻟﺍ  ﻮﻠﺳﻭ ﻙﺍﺭﺩﺇ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﺍﻮﻟﻷﺍ ﺮﺛﺆﺘﻓ ، ﺔﻟﻮﻬﺴﺑ ﻍﺍﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﻊﺑﺎﻁ ﺮﻴﻐﺗ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﻷﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﻦﻣ ﻪﻟ ﺎﻤﻟ ﻲﻠﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺘﻟﺍ ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋ ﻢﻫﺃ ﻦﻣ ﻥﻮﻠﻟﺍ ﺮﺒﺘﻌﻳ ﻷﺍ ﺮﻋﺎﺸﻣﻭ ﻙ

ﻰﻠﻌﻓ . ﺩﺍﺮﻓ

ﺱﺎﻌﻨﻟﺍ ﺐﺒﺴﺗ ﺪﻗﻭ ءﻭﺪﻬﻟﺍ ﺔﻔﻁﺎﻋ ﺰﻔﺤﺗ ﺓﺩﺭﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﻥﺍﻮﻟﻷﺍﻭ ، ﻩﺎﺒﺘﻧﻻﺍ ﺖﺘﺸﺗ ﺪﻗ ﺎﻬﻨﻜﻟﻭ ﺓﺭﺎﺛﻹﺍ ﺔﻔﻁﺎﻋ ﺰﻔﺤﺗ ﺔﺌﻓﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﻥﺍﻮﻟﻷﺍ ﻝﺎﺜﻤﻟﺍ ﻞﻴﺒﺳ (Nurlelawati Ab. Jalil, Rodzyah

Mohd Yunus and Normahdiah S. Said, 2012, p. 54:60) .

:ﻦﻜﺴﻤﻠﻟ ﻰﻠﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﻍﺍﺮﻔﻟﺎﺑ ﺭﻮﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻥﻮﻠﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ

1 . ﺇ : ﻒﻁﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﺛ

ﻥﺍ ﻥﻭﻠﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﺳﺎﺳﺃ ﺮﺼﻨﻋ ﻡﻴﻤﺼﺘﻟﺍ

، ﻤ ﻪﻟ ﺎﻤﻟ ـ ﺴﻔﻨ ﺭﻭﺩ ﻥ ـ

ﻋﻭ ﻲ ـ ﻥﺎﺴﻨﻹﺍ ﻰﺤﻨﻴﻭ . ﻲﻔﻁﺎ ﺩﺮﺑ ﻥﻮﻠﻟﺍ ﻩﺎﺠﺗﺍ

ﻌﻓ ﻝ ﻠﻟﺍ ﺀﻑﺩﺒ ﺱﺎﺴﺤﻹﺎﻓ ﻲﺒﻠﺴ ﻭﺃ ﻲﺒﺎﺠﻴﺇ ـ

ﺎﻨﻴﻁﻌﻴ ﻥﻭ

ﻥﺎﻣﻷﺎﺑ ﺍﺭﻮﻌﺷ ﺎﻨﻴﻁﻌﻴ ﻥﻭﻠﻟﺍ ﺓﺩﻭﺭﺒﺒ ﺱﺎﺴﺤﻹﺍﻭ

ﺭﻮﻌﺷ ﺍ ﺀﻭﺩﻬﻟﺎﺒ ﺎﻨﻫ ﻦﻣ .ﻥﺍﺪﺟﻮﻟﺍﻭ ﻒﻁﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺮﺛﺆﺗ ﻥﺍﻮﻟﻷﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻛﺮﺤﻟﺍﻭ ﻰﻧﻮﻠﻟﺍ ﻉﺎﻘﻳﻹﺍ ﻭ ﻰﻧﻮﻠﻟﺍ ﻥﺍﺰﺗﻻﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻤﻛ ،

. ﻰﻠﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺘﻟﺍ ﻥﺍﻮﻟﺃ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﻦﻜﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﻞﺧﺍﺩ ﺔﻔﻁﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻢﻜﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﻦﻜﻤﻳ

ﺩﻭﺩﺭ ﺰﻔﺤﺗ ﻥﺍﻮﻟﻷﺎﻓ ، ﻢﻬﺘﺤﺻ ﻰﺘﺣﻭ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﻷﺍ ﺰﻴﻛﺮﺗﻭ ﺮﻋﺎﺸﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺮﺛﺆﺗ ﻥﺍﻮﻟﻷﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻤﻛ ﺔﻴﻋﺍﻭ ﺮﻴﻐﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺋﺎﻘﻠﺘﻟﺍ ﻝﺎﻌﻓﻷﺍ

(Honey Arjmandi, Mazlan Mohd

Tahir, Hoda Shabankareh, Mohamad Mahdi Shabani, and Fereshteh Mazaheri, 2011, p. 290) ﻲﺟﻮﻤﻟﺍ ﻝﻮﻄﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺫ) ﺓﺩﺭﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﻥﺍﻮﻟﻷﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻤﻛ .

ﺍ ﻦﻣ ﻪﻟﺎﺣ ﺮﻴﻓﻮﺗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺪﻋﺎﺴﺗ (ﺮﻴﺼﻘﻟﺍ ﺎﻤﻠﻛ ﺎﻀﻳﺃﻭ .ﺮﻋﺎﺸﻤﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﺛﺇﻭ ﺰﻴﻔﺤﺗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻞﻤﻌﺗ (ﻞﻳﻮﻄﻟﺍ ﻲﺟﻮﻤﻟﺍ ﻝﻮﻄﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺫ) ﺔﺌﻓﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﻥﺍﻮﻟﻷﺍ ﺎﻤﻨﻴﺑ ،ﺩﺍﺮﻓﻸﻟ ﻲﺟﺍﺰﻤﻟﺍ ءﻭﺪﻬﻟ

ﻥﻮﻜﺗ

ﻙﺍﺭﺩﻹﺍ ﺯﺰﻌﺗ ﺔﻗﺮﺸﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﺌﻓﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﻥﺍﻮﻟﻷﺎﻓ ، ﺎﻬﺘﻴﺑﺫﺎﺟ ﺩﺍﺩﺰﺗ ﺔﻌﺒﺸﻣﻭ ﺔﻗﺮﺸﻣ ﻥﺍﻮﻟﻷﺍ Yildirim ,and Aysu Akalin, 2012,

(M. Lutfi Hidayetoglu, Kemal

ISSN : 2028-9324 Vol. 24 No. 1, Aug. 2018 152 p. 51) ﻴﻌﻤﻟﺍﻭ ﻡﺎﻌﻄﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻏﺍﺮﻓ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺌﻓﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﻥﺍﻮﻟﻷﺍ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍﻭ ، ءﻭﺪﻬﻟﺍﻭ ءﺎﺧﺮﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺪﻋﺎﺴﻴﻟ ﻡﻮﻨﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻏﺍﺮﻓ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺩﺭﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﻥﺍﻮﻟﻷﺍ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﻦﻜﻤﻴﻓ ﺔﺠﻬﺒﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺪﻋﺎﺴﻴﻟ ﺔﺸ

.ﺔﻔﻟﻷﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﺎﺛﻻﺍﻭ

ﻝﻭﺪﺟ )ﻢﻗﺭ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﺢﺿﻮﻳ (2 ﻮﻠﻟﺍ

ﻥ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻒﻁﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﺛﺇ

ﻥﻮﻠﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﺗﺭﺎﺛﺎﺑ ﻡﻮﻘﻳ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﻒﻁﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ

:ﺮﻤﺣﻷﺍ ﺤﻳ

.ﺓﺩﺍﺭﻹﺍﻭ ﻝﺎﻌﻔﻧﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻛﺮﺤﻟﺍﻭ ﺓﻮﻘﻟﺎﺑ ﺱﺎﺴﺣﺇ ﻰﻄﻌﻳﻭ ، ﺔﺒﻏﺮﻟﺍ ﻰﻛﺎ

:ﻕﺭﺯﻷﺍ ءﺎﻤﻟﺍ ﻥﻮﻟ ﻮﻬﻓ ﻡﺍﺮﺘﺣﻻﺍﻭ ﺭﺎﻈﺘﻧﻻﺍﻭ ﺮﺒﺼﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻘﺜﻟﺎﺑ ﺎﺳﺎﺴﺣﺇ ﻰﻄﻌﻳ

:ﺮﻀﺧﻷﺍ . ﺕﺎﺒﻨﻟﺍ ﻥﻮﻟ ﻮﻬﻓ ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻟﺍ ﺐﺣ ﻭ ﺔﺣﺍﺮﻟﺍﻭ ءﻭﺪﻬﻟﺎﺑ ﺭﻮﻌﺸﻟﺎﺑ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﻻﺍ ﺪﻤﻳ

:ﺮـﻔﺻﻷﺍ ﻠﻣ ﻥﻮﻟ ﻮﻫﻭ ﺔﻴﺑﺎﺠﻳﻹﺍ ﺔﻗﺎﻄﻟﺎﺑ ﺱﺎﺴﺣﺇ ﻰﻄﻌﻳ

ﺮﻔﺻﻷﺍ ، ﻩﺎﺒﺘﻧﻼﻟ ﺖﻔ ﺩﻴ ﺥﺭﺎﺼﻟﺍ

ﻝ ﺎﻤﺠﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻝ ﺔﻴﻭﻴﺤﻟﺍﻭ ﻕﻟﺄﺘﻟﺍﻭ

:ﻲﻟﺎﻘﺗﺮﺒﻟﺍ ﻝﺅﺎﻔﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﻞﺻﺍﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﻥﻮﻟ ﻮﻫﻭ ﺔﻴﺑﺎﺠﻳﺇ ﺔﻗﺎﻄﺑ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﻻﺍ ﺪﻤﻳ

:ﻰﺠﺴﻔﻨﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻧﺎﻧﻷﺍﻭ ﺔﻟﺰﻌﻟﺎﺑ ﺱﺎﺴﺣﺇ ﻰﻄﻌﻳ

:ﻰــــــــﻨﺒﻟﺍ

ﺽﺭﻷﺍ ﻥﻮﻟ ﻮﻬﻓ ﺔﻔﻟﻷﺍﻭ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﻻﺍ ﺱﺎﺴﺣﺇ ﻰﻄﻌﻳ

: ﺾـــﻴﺑﻷﺍ

ءﺎﻘﻨﻟﺍ ﺱﺎﺴﺣﺇ ﻰﻄﻌﻳ ﻥﺎﻴﺴﻨﻟﺍﻭ ﻒﻌﻀﻟﺍ ﺱﺎﺴﺣﺇ ﻰﻄﻌﻳ ﺎﻤﻛ ، ﺓﺩﻭﺮﺒﻟﺍﻭ

: ﺩﻮــــﺳﻷﺍ

ﺔﺑﺂﻜﻟﺍﻭ ﻥﺰﺤﻟﺍ ﻭ ﻖﻤﻌﻟﺎﺑ ﺱﺎﺴﺣﺇ ﻰﻄﻌﻳ

2 . ﻦﻴﺴﺤﺗ :ﻲﻠﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﻍﺍﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﺏﻮﻴﻋ

ﻝﺎﻜﺷﻷﺍ ﺩﺪﺤﺗ ﻲﻠﻋ ﻥﺍﻮﻟﻷﺍ ﻞﻤﻌﺘﻓ . ﻙﺭﺪﻣ ﻱﺮﺼﺑ ﺱﺎﺴﺣﺇ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﻷﺍ ﻰﻄﻌﻳﻭ ﺭﻮﻔﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻙﺭﺪﻳ ﻪﻧﻷ ﻲﻠﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺘﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻲﺳﺎﺳﺃ ﺭﻭﺩ ﺐﻌﻠﻳ ﻥﻮﻠﻟﺍ ﻥﺍ ﺎﺴﻤﻟﺍﻭ

ﺐﻌﻠﺗﻭ ﺕﺎﺣ

ﻮﻟﻷﺍ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺎﻓ ﻪﺘﻘﻴﻘﺣ ﺮﻴﻏ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻍﺍﺮــــــﻔﻠﻟ ﺍﺭﻮــــــﻌﺷ ﺩﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﻥﺍﻮﻟﻷﺍ ﻰﻄﻌﺗ ﺎﻤﻛ . ﻍﺍﺮــــــــﻔﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻠﺘﻜﻟﺍ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻥﺍﺰﺗﺍ ءﺎﻄﻋﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺭﻭﺩ ﻉﺎﺴﺗﺎﺑ ﺍﺭﺍﻮﻌﺷ ﻲﻄﻌﺗ ﺓﺩﺭﺎﺒﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﺤﺗﺎﻔﻟﺍ ﻥﺍ

ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍﻭ ، ﻥﻮـــــﻜﺴﻟﺍﻭ ءﺎــﺧﺮﺘﺳﻻﺍﻭ ءﻭﺪـــــــﻬﻟﺍ ﻞﺜﻣ ﻒﻁﺍﻮﻋ ﻥﻮﻜﺘﺗ ﻰﻟﺎﺘﻟﺎﺑﻭ ﻍﺍﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﺮﺗﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﻒﻁﺍﻮﻋ ﻥﻮﻜﺘﺘﻓ ﻍﺍﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﻖﻴﻀﺑ ﺍﺭﻮﻌﺷ ﻰﻄﻌﻳ ﺔﺌﻓﺍﺪﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻨﻛﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﻥﺍﻮﻟﻷﺍ

) ﻢﻗﺭ ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺍ ﻰﻓﻭ .ﺝﺎﻋﺰﻧﻻﺍﻭ ﻂﻐﻀﻟﺍﻭ 6

.ﻍﺍﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﻖﻴﺿ ﺔﻠﻜﺸﻣ ﻞﺣ ﻰﻓ ﻥﻮﻠﻟﺍ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻝﺎﺜﻣ ﺢﺿﻮﻳ (

)ﻢﻗﺭ ﻞﻜﺷ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﺢﺿﻮﻳ (6

ﻮﻠﻟﺍ ﻥ ﻍﺍﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﻠﺘﻜﺑ ﺱﺎﺴﺣﻹﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﻟﺎﺘﻟﺎﺑﻭ ﻂﺋﺎﺤﻟﺍ ﻊﺟﺍﺮﺘﺑ ﺭﻮﻌﺷ ﻰﻄﻋﺃ ﺩﺭﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﻂﺋﺎﺤﻟﺍ ﻥﻮﻠﻓ ،

ﺑ ﻰﻄﻋﺃ ﺊﻓﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﻥﻮﻠﻟﺍ ﺎﻣﺃ ، ﺔﻓﺮﻐﻟﺍ ﺔﺣﺎﺴﻣ ﺮﺒﻜ

ﺔﻓﺮﻐﻟﺍ ﺔﺣﺎﺴﻣ ﻖﻴﻀﺑ ﻲﻟﺎﺘﻟﺎﺑﻭ ﻂﺋﺎﺤﻟﺍ ﻡﺪﻘﺘﺑ ﺭﻮﻌﺷ .

3 . : ﺔﻴﺑﺎﺠﻳﻹﺍ ﻒﻁﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﺰﻳﺰﻌﺗ ﻭ .ﻍﺍﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﻞﺧﺍﺩ ﻒﻁﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﺰﻳﺰﻌﺗ ﻲﻓ ﻢﻬﻣ ﺭﻭﺩ ﺎﻬﻟ ﻥﺍﻮﻟﻷﺍ ﻁﺎﻋ ﺔﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﻖﻠﺧ ﻢﺘﻳ ﻲﻜﻟ

ﺓﺮﺒﺨﻟ ﺔﻠﻜﺸﻤﻟﺍ ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻌﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﺐﺠﻳ ﻥﻮﻠﻟﺍ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺎﺑ ﻦﻜﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﻞﺧﺍﺩ ﺔﻴﺑﺎﺠﻳﺇ ﺔﻴﻔ

ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻣ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻳﻭ ﻦﻴﻌﻣ ﺝﺍﺰﻣ ﻞﺜﻤﻳ ﻥﻮﻟ ﻞﻜﻓ . ﺔﻴﺑﺎﺠﻳﻹﺍ ﻒﻁﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﺰﻴﻔﺤﺗ ﺎﻬﻟﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﻦﻜﻤﻳ ﺔﻠﻀﻔﻣ ﺓﺭﻮﺻ ﺏﺮﻗﺃ ﻰﻟﺇ ﻝﻮﺻﻮﻠﻟ ﺩﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﻯﺪﻟ ﻥﻮﻠﻟﺍ ﺮﻋﺎﺸﻣﻭ ﺕﺎﻌﻗﻮﺗ ﻞﺑﺎﻘﺗ

ﻭ . ﻢﻬﺑ ﻂﻴﺤﻤﻟﺍ ﻥﺎﻜﻤﻟﺍ ﻩﺎﺠﺗ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﻷﺍ ﻥﻮﻠﻟﺍ ﺓﺮﺒﺧ ﻡﺮﻫ ﻲﻓ ﺢﺿﻮﻣ ﻮﻫ ﺎﻤﻛ

ﻚﻧﺍﺮﻔﻟ ﻲﻜﻨﻫﺎﻣ Frank H. Mahnke”

“ ) ﻢﻗﺭ ﻞﻜﺷ 7

ﺕﺍﺮﺛﺆﻣ ﺓﺪﻋ ﻦﻣ ﻥﻮﻠﻟﺍ ﺓﺮﺒﺧ ﻥﻮﻜﺘﺗ (

ﻲﻫﻭ (Holtzschue, 2012, p. 57) :

ISSN : 2028-9324 Vol. 24 No. 1, Aug. 2018 153 ) ﻢﻗﺭ ﻞﻜﺷ

ﻚﻧﺍﺮﻔﻟ ﻥﻮﻠﻟﺍ ﺓﺮﺒﺧ ﻡﺮﻫ (7 ﻲﻜﻨﻫﺎﻣ

Frank H. Mahnke

:ﺔﻳﺮﻄﻔﻟﺍ ﺔﺑﺎﺠﺘﺳﻻﺍ

ﻰﻧﻮﻟ ﺰﻔﺤﻤﻟ ﺩﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﺽﺮﻌﺗ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﺔﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﻞﻌﻔﻟﺍ ﺩﻭﺩﺭ ﻰﻨﻌﺗﻭ

ﻮﻣ ﻰﻫﻭ .ﺮﺸﺒﻟﺍ ﻊﻴﻤﺟ ﻯﺪﻟ ﺓﺪﺣ

: ﻥﻮﻠﻟﺍ ﺔﻟﻻﺩ

.ﺎﻴﻤﻟﺎﻋ ﺔﺘﺑﺎﺛ ﻰﻫﻭ ﻒﻨﻌﻟﺍﻭ ﻡﺪﻟﺎﺑ ﺮﻤﺣﻷﺍ ﻥﻮﻠﻟﺍ ﻁﺎﺒﺗﺭﺍ ﻞﺜﻣ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻑﺭﺎﻌﺘﻣ ءﻲﺷ ﻦﻋ ﻥﻮﻠﻟﺍ ﺮﻴﺒﻌﺗ

: ﻥﻮﻠﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺰﻣﺭ .ﺮﺧﻷ ﻊﻤﺘﺠﻣ ﻦﻣ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﺗ ﻰﻫﻭ ﺔﻴﻨﻳﺪﻟﺍ ﺯﻮﻣﺮﻟﺍ ﻥﺍﻮﻟﺃﻭ ﺩﻼﺒﻟﺍ ﻡﻼﻋﺃ ﻥﺍﻮﻟﺃ ﻞﺜﻣ ﻪﻟ ﺩﺪﺤﻣ ﻥﻮﻠﺑ ءﻲﺸﻟﺍ ﻒﺻﻭ ﻰﻨﻌﺗ

: ﺔﻴﻓﺎﻘﺜﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺮﻴﺛﺄﺘﻟﺍ .ﺕﺎﻓﺎﻘﺜﻟﺍﻭ ﺏﻮﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﻑﻼﺘﺧﺎﺑ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﺗ ﻰﻫﻭ ﺎﻬﺑ ﺔﺻﺎﺧﻭ ﺎﻬﻟ ﺓﺰﻴﻤﻣ ﻥﺍﻮﻟﺃ ﺎﻬﻟ ﺔﻤﻳﺪﻘﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﺎﻀﺤﻟﺍ ﺾﻌﺒﻓ

:ﺔﺿﻮﻤﻟﺍﻭ ﻡﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻕﻭﺬﻟﺍ

ﺖﻗﻮﻟﺍ ﺭﺍﺪﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﺗ . ﻯﺮﺧﻷ ﺔﻴﻨﻣﺯ ﺓﺮﺘﻓ ﻦﻣﻭ ﻯﺮﺧﻷ ﺪﻠﺑ ﻦﻣ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﺗﻭ

: ﺔﻴﺼﺨﺸﻟﺍ ﺕﻼﻴﻀﻔﺘﻟﺍ ﻜﻳ ﺪﻗ ﺔﻴﻋﺍﻭ ﺏﺎﺒﺳﺃ ﻥﻭﺩ ﺮﺧﺃ ﻦﻣ ﺮﻔﻨﻳﻭ ﻦﻴﻌﻣ ﻥﻮﻠﻟ ﺩﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﻞﻴﻤﻳ ﺪﻘﻓ

. ﺔﻴﺗﺎﻴﺣ ﻒﻗﺍﻮﻣ ﻭﺃ ﺕﺎﻳﺮﻛﺬﺑ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﺎﻬﻟ ﻥﻮ

:ﺔﻔﻁﺎﻌﻟﺍﻭ ﺓءﺎﺿﻻﺍ 

ﻥﺎﻣﻷﺍﻭ ﺔﺤﺼﻟﺍ ﺮﻴﻓﻮﺗﻭ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﻸﻟ ﻱﺮﺼﺒﻟﺍ ﻝﺎﺠﻤﻟﺍ ﺓﺩﻮﺟ ﺓﺎﻋﺍﺮﻣ ﺓءﺎﺿﻹﺍ ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺗ ﺪﻨﻋ ﻢﻬﻤﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺍﺬﻟ ﻲﻠﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺘﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻢﻬﻣ ﺭﻭﺩ ﺓءﺎﺿﻹﺍ ﺐﻌﻠﺗ .ﻉﺎﺘﻤﺘﺳﻻﺍﻭ

ﺖﺘﺒﺛﺃ ﺪﻘﻓ

ﻏﺍﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﻲﻠﻏﺎﺸﻟ ﺎﺿﺮﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﺣﺍﺮﻟﺍ ﺱﺎﺴﺣﺇ ﻥﺃ ﺕﺎﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﺾﻌﺑ ﺾﻌﺑ ﺮﻴﺸﺗ ﺎﻤﻛ .ﺔﻴﺗﻮﺼﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻳﺭﺍﺮﺤﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺮﺛﺆﻤﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺮﺜﻛﺃ ءﺍﻮﻬﻟﺍ ﺓﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﺔﻴﺋﻮﻀﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺮﺛﺆﻤﻟﺎﺑ ﺮﺛﺄﺘﻳ ﺔﻴﻠﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﺕﺎ

ﻞﻋﺎﻔﺘﻠﻟ ﺔﺣﺎﺴﻣ ﻖﻠﺧﻭ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻄﻟﺍ ﻊﻣ ﻝﺎﺼﺗﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺒﻄﻟﺍ ﺮﻅﺎﻨﻤﻟﺍﻭ ﺭﺎﻬﻨﻟﺍ ءﻮﺿ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻬﻤﻴﻤﺼﺗ ﻲﻓ ﺪﻛﺆﻳ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﻲﻧﺎﺒﻤﻟﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺕﺎﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﺗﺎﻏﺍﺮﻓ ﻞﺧﺍﺩ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍ

ﺎﺤﻟﺍ ﺯﺰﻌﺗ .ءﺎﻤﺘﻧﻻﺎﺑ ﺭﻮﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﻦﻴﺴﺤﺗﻭ ،ﻞﺻﺍﻮﺘﻟﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻳﺯﻭ ،ﻲﻔﻁﺎﻌﻟﺍ ءﺍﺩﻷﺍ ﻦﻴﺴﺤﺗﻭ ،ﻂﻐﻀﻟﺍ ﻒﻴﻔﺨﺘﻛ ﺔﻴﺑﺎﺠﻳﻹﺍ ﺔﻴﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺴﻔﻨﻟﺍ ﺕﻻ (Committee, 2016)

ﻥﺍ ﺎﻤﻛ

ﻚﻟﺫﻭ ، ﻍﺍﺮﻔﻟﺎﺑ ﺓﺩﻮﺟﻮﻤﻟﺍ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﻸﻟ ﺔﻴﻔﻁﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻟﺎﺤﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺮﺛﺆﺗ ءﺎﻴﺷﻷﺍ ﻉﻮﻄﺳ ﻲﻓ ﻦﻳﺎﺒﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﺟﺭﺩ ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺗ ﺪﻨﻋ ﻱﺭﻭﺮﻀﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺍﺬﻟ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﻷﺍ ﻁﺎﺸﻧ ﺔﻠﻗ ﻭﺃ ﺓﺩﺎﻳﺯ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺮﺛﺆﺗ ﺎﻬﻧﻷ

ﻦﻳﺎﺒﺗ ﺔﺟﺭﺩ ﺪﻳﺪﺤﺗﻭ ، ﻁﺎﺸﻨﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ءﺍﺩﻷ ﺔﺑﻮﻠﻄﻤﻟﺍ ﺰﻴﻔﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﺟﺭﺩ ﺪﻳﺪﺤﺗﻭ ، ﻍﺍﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻯﺩﺆﻤﻟﺍ ﻁﺎﺸﻨﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻫﺎﻣ ﺭﺎﺒﺘﻋﻻﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻊﺿﻮﻳ ﻥﺃ ﺓءﺎﺿﻹﺍ ﺮﻓﻮﺗ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺓءﺎﺿﻻﺍ ﻉﻮﻄﺳ

ﺟﺭﺩ ﺪﻳﺪﺤﺗﻭ . ﻁﺎﺸﻨﻟﺍ ءﺍﺩﻷ ﺏﻮﻠﻄﻤﻟﺍ ﺰﻴﻔﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﻁﺎﻤﻧﻷﺍﻭ ﺓءﺎﺿﻻﺍ ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻤﻛ .ﻡﻼﻈﻠﻟ ﺔﺿﺮﻌﻤﻟﺍ ءﺎﻴﺷﻷﺍﻭ ءﻮﻀﻠﻟ ﺔﺿﺮﻌﻤﻟﺍ ءﺎﻴﺷﻷﺍ ﺪﻳﺪﺤﺗ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺢﻄﺳﻷﺍ ﻦﻳﺎﺒﺗ ﺔ

ﻟﺍ ﻭ ﺔﻴﺻﻮﺼﺨﻟﺍ ﻭ ﻁﺎﺸﻨﻟﺍ ﻭ ءﺎﺧﺮﺘﺳﻻﺎﺑ ﺱﺎﺴﺣﻻﺍ ﻞﺜﻣ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﻷﺍ ﻒﻁﺍﻮﻋ ﻲﻓ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﺎﻬﻟ ﺔﻴﺋﻮﻀﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺮﺛﺆﻤﻟﺍ ﻦﻋ ﺔﺠﺗﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﺡﺮﻔﻟﺍﻭ ﻖﻴﻀ

.

ﺍﺩ ﻒﻁﺍﻮﻌﻠﻟ ﻪﺟﻮﻤﻛ ءﻮﻀﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﻲﻨﻜﺴﻟﺍ ﻍﺍﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﻞﺧ

(Rosella Tomassoni, Giuseppe Galetta and Eugenia Treglia, 2015, p. 1217: 1219) :

1 . ﺔﻴﻔﻁﺎﻋ ﺕﻻﺎﺤﺑ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﻻﺍ ﺭﻮﻌﺷ ﻲﻟﺇ ﻯﺩﺆﻳ ﺎﻤﻣ ، ﺓﺩﺪﺤﻣ ﺔﻴﻨﻣﺯ ﺓﺮﺘﻔﻟ ﻦﻴﻌﻣ ﻥﻮﻟﻭ ﻉﻮﻧ ﻪﻟ ءﻮﻀﻟ ﺽﺮﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺩﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﻙﺍﺭﺩﺇ ﺰﻴﻔﺤﺗ ﻦﻴﻌﻣ ﻞﻌﻔﻟ ﻪﻛﻮﻠﺳ ﻭﺃ ﺓﺩﺪﺤﻣ

. ﻪﺑ ﻂﻴﺤﻤﻟﺍ ﻍﺍﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﻊﻣ ﻢﻏﺎﻨﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﻡﺎﺠﺴﻧﻻﺎﺑ ﺭﻮﻌﺷ ﻖﻠﺧﻭ 2 . ﺫﻭ ﻰﻨﻌﻤﻟﺎﺑ ﺱﺎﺴﺣﻻﺍﻭ ﻦﻴﻌﻟﺍ ﻪﻴﺟﻮﺘﺑ ﻖﻳﻮﺸﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺽﻮﻤﻐﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﻖﻠﺧ ﻦﻜﻤﻳﻭ ، ﺔﺣﺍﺮﻟﺍﻭ ءﻭﺪﻬﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﻖﻠﺧ ﻦﻜﻤﻴﻓ ، ﺩﺍﺮﻓﻷﺍ ﺝﺍﺰﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺮﺛﺆﻳ ﺕﺍءﺎﺿﺇ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺎﺑ ﻚﻟ

. ﻦﻴﻌﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺔﺳﻭﺭﺪﻣ 3 . ﺎﺣ ءﻮﻀﻟﺍﺰﻔﺤُﻳ ﻞﺜﻣ ﻲﺑﺎﺠﻳﻹﺍ ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ﻪﻠﻴﻜﺸﺗﻭ ﻪﻌﺒﺸﺗﻭ ﻪﺗﺪﺸﻟ ﺎﻘﻓﻭ ﺓﺩﺪﺤﻣ ﺔﻴﻔﻁﺎﻋ ﺕﻻ

ﺔﻴﺟﺎﺘﻧﻹﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﺎﺛﻹﺍﻭ ﻱﺮﺼﺒﻟﺍ ﺡﻮﺿﻮﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺻﻮﺼﺨﻟﺍﻭ ءﺎﺧﺮﺘﺳﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﻣﺎﻨﻳﺪﻟﺍ

ﻥﺰﺤﻟﺍﻭ ﺱﺎﻌﻨﻟﺍﻭ ﺩﺎﻬﺟﻹﺍ ﻞﺜﻣ ﻲﺒﻠﺴﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﻨﻣﻭ ،ﺓءﺎﻔﻜﻟﺍﻭ ﻖﻠﻘﻟﺍﻭ ﻕﺭﻷﺍﻭ ﺓﺭﺎﺛﻹﺍﻭ

.

4 . ﻼﺘﺧﺎﺑ ءﻮﻀﻠﻟ ﺽﺮﻌﻤﻟﺍ ءﻲﺸﻟﺍ ﻩﺎﺠﺗ ﺔﻳﺩﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺑﺎﺠﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﺗ ﺔﻳﻮﻧﺎﺛ ﻡﺃ ﺔﻴﺳﺎﺳﺃ ، ﺓﺪﺣﻮﻣ ﺮﻴﻏ ﻡﺃ ﺓﺪﺣﻮﻣ ، ﺔﺘﻓﺎﺧ ﻡﺃ ﺔﻗﺮﺸﻣ ﺖﻧﺎﻛ ﺍﺫﺇ ﺎﻣ ءﻮﻀﻟﺍ ﺭﺩﺎﺼﻣ ﺺﺋﺎﺼﺧ ﻑ

.ﺓﺩﺭﺎﺑ ﻡﺃ ﺔﺌﻓﺍﺩ ، 5 . .ﻍﺍﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﻊﻣ ﻒﻴﻜﺘﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺪﻋﺎﺴﻳﻭ ﺔﺤﺿﺍﻭﻭ ﺔﻴﻠﺟ ﻪﻠﻴﺻﺎﻔﺗ ﻞﻛ ﻞﻌﺟﻭ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﻹﺎﺑ ﻂﻴﺤﻤﻟﺍ ﻊﻗﺍﻮﻟﺍ ﺮﻴﺴﻔﺗﻭ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻠﻟ ﻰﻨﻌﻣ ءﺎﻄﻋﺇ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺪﻋﺎﺴﻳ

6 . ﺭﺎﻬﻅﺇﻭ ﺔﻨﻴﻌﻣ ءﺎﻴﺷﺃ ءﺎﻔﺧﻹ ﻡﺪﺨﺘﺴﻳ ﺔﻓﻭﺮﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﺮﻴﻏﻭ ﺓﺪﻳﺪﺠﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻔﺨﻤﻟﺍ ﻞﻴﺻﺎﻔﺘﻟﺍ ﻑﺎﺸﺘﻛﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﺒﻏﺮﻟﺍ ﺄﺸﻨﻳ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ،ﺪﻴﻘﻌﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺽﻮﻤﻐﻟﺎﺑ ﺭﻮﻌﺷ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﻺﻟ ﻰﻄﻌﻴﻓ ﺎﻫﺮﻴﻏ

.ﺎﻬﺗﺎﺟﺭﺪﺗﻭ ﻝﻼﻈﻟﺍ ﻚﻟﺫ ﻲﻓ ﺪﻋﺎﺴﻳﻭ 7 . .ﺎﻬﺑﺎﻴﻏﻭ ءﺎﻴﺷﻷﺍ ﺩﻮﺟﻭﻭ ﻍﺍﺮﻔﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻠﺘﻜﻟﺎﺑ ﺱﺎﺴﺣﻻﺍﻭ ﻩﺪﻳﺪﺤﺗﻭ ﻲﻠﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﻍﺍﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻈﻨﺗ ﻲﻓ ﻢﻫﺎﺴﻳ ﻡﻼﻈﻟﺍ

8 . ءﻮﻀﻟﺍ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺏﻭﺎﻨﺘﻟﺍ .ﻥﺎﺴﻧﻺﻟ ﺔﻴﺟﻮﻟﻮﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﺔﻋﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺮﺛﺆﻴﻓ ﻞﻴﻠﻟﺍﻭ ﺭﺎﻬﻨﻟﺍ ﺏﻭﺎﻨﺗ ﻰﻛﺎﺤﻳ ﻡﻼﻈﻟﺍﻭ

9 . ﻥﻮﻠﻟ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﻻﺍ ﺭﻮﺼﺗ ﺩﺪﺤﻳ ءﻮﻀﻟﺍ ﻥﺎﻓ ،ءﻮﻀﻟﺍ ﺭﺪﺼﻣ ﻦﻣ ﺚﻌﺒﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﻲﺴﻴﻁﺎﻨﻐﻣﻭﺮﻬﻜﻟﺍ ﻉﺎﻌﺷﻺﻟ ﻲﺟﻮﻤﻟﺍ ﻝﻮﻄﻟﺍﻭ ﺭﺎﺴﻜﻧﻻﺍ ﺮﺷﺆﻣﻭ ،ءﻮﻀﻟﺍ ﺓﺪﺸﻟ ﺎﻘﻓﻭ ﺔﺌﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﻞﺧﺍﺩ

.ﻪﻛﻮﻠﺳﻭ ﻪﺟﺍﺰﻣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺮﺛﺆﻳ ﺎﻤﻣ ،ﺓءﺎﻀﻤﻟﺍ

ISSN : 2028-9324 Vol. 24 No. 1, Aug. 2018 154 ﻴﺛﺄﺗ :ﻦﻜﺴﻤﻠﻟ ﻰﻠﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﻍﺍﺮﻔﻟﺎﺑ ﺭﻮﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓءﺎﺿﻹﺍ ﺕﺍﺮ

1 . : ﻒﻁﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﺛﺇ ﺔﻓﺮﻏ ﻞﻛ ﺥﺎﻨﻣﻭ ﻁﺎﺸﻧ ﻊﻣ ﺐﺳﺎﻨﺘﺗ ﻰﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺎﻬﺑ ﺏﻮﻏﺮﻤﻟﺍ ﻒﻁﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﺰﻴﻔﺤﺗ ﻦﻜﻤﻳﻭ . ﺓءﺎﺿﻹﺍ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺈﺑ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﻷﺍ ﻯﺪﻟ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻟﺍ ﻒﻁﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﺛﺇ ﻦﻜﻤﻳ ﻦﻣ ﻚﻟﺫﻭ ﻦﻜﺴﻤﻟﺎﺑ

ﺪﺠﻟﺍ ﻰﻓﻭ . ﺎﻌﻣ ﺎﻬﻘﻴﺴﻨﺗﻭ ﺓءﺎﺿﻹﺍ ﺺﺋﺎﺼﺧ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ ﻝﻼﺧ ) ﻢﻗﺭ ﻝﻭ

3 .ﺩﺍﺮﻓﻷﺍ ﻒﻁﺍﻮﻋ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻫﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗﻭ ﺕﺍءﺎﺿﻺﻟ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻟﺍ ﺺﺋﺎﺼﺨﻟﺍ ﺢﻀﺘﻳ (

) ﻢﻗﺭ ﻝﻭﺪﺟ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﻷﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻴﻔﻁﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﺗﺍﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗﻭ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻟﺍ ﺓءﺎﺿﻹﺍ ﺺﺋﺎﺼﺧ (3

ءﻮﻀﻟﺍ ﺺﺋﺎﺼﺧ

ﺎﻬﺗﺭﺎﺛﺈﺑ ﻡﻮﻘﻳ ﻰﺘﻟﺍ ﻒﻁﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ

ﺓءﺎﺿﻹﺍ ﻥﻮﻟ

ﺔﺌﻓﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﻥﺍﻮﻟﻷﺍ ﺕﺍﺫ ﺓءﺎﺿﻹﺍ

ﺔﻓﺎﻴﻀﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻳﺎﻤﺤﻟﺎﺑ ﺭﻮﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﺛﺇﻭ ءﺎﺧﺮﺘﺳﻻﺍ (Rosella Tomassoni, Giuseppe Galetta

and Eugenia Treglia, 2015, p. 1220)

ﺓﺩﺭﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﻥﺍﻮﻟﻷﺍ ﺕﺍﺫ ﺓءﺎﺿﻹﺍ

ﺰﻴﻛﺮﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﻁﺎﺸﻨﻟﺍ ﺰﻔﺤﺗ

ﺓءﺎﺿﻹﺍ ﺓﺪﺷ

ﻼﻴﻟ ﺔﺘﻓﺎﺨﻟﺍ ﺓءﺎﺿﻹﺍ

.ﺔﺣﺍﺮﻟﺍﻭ ، ﻥﻮﻜﺴﻟﺍﻭ ، ءﺎﺧﺮﺘﺳﻻﺍ ، ءﻭﺪﻬﻟﺍ

ﻼﻴﻟ ﺓﺪﻳﺪﺸﻟﺍ ﺓءﺎﺿﻹﺍ

ﺏﺎﺌﺘﻛﻻﺍ ،ﻙﺎﺒﺗﺭﻻﺍﻭ، ﺩﺎﻬﺟﻹﺍﻭ،ﺝﺎﻋﺰﻧﻻﺍ (TA Bedrosian and RJ Nelson, 2013 , p.

752) .

ﺍﺭﺎﻬﻧ ﺔﺘﻓﺎﺨﻟﺍ ﺓءﺎﺿﻹﺍ

ﺔﺑﺂﻜﻟﺍ ، ﺐﻌﺘﻟﺍﻭ ،ﺔﻗﺎﻄﻟﺍ ﻥﺍﺪﻘﻓ (Honey Arjmandi, Mazlan Mohd Tahir, Hoda

Shabankareh, Mohamad Mahdi Shabani, and Fereshteh Mazaheri, 2011, p.

292)

ﺍﺭﺎﻬﻧ ﺓﺪﻳﺪﺸﻟﺍ ﺓءﺎﺿﻹﺍ

. ﺔﺠﻬﺒﻟﺍ ، ﺓﺭﺎﺛﻻﺍ ، ﺓﺎﺒﺘﻧﻻﺍ

ﺓءﺎﺿﻹﺍ ﻉﻮﻧ (Kelly,

2011, p. 17)

ﺓﺮﺷﺎﺒﻤﻟﺍ ﺓءﺎﺿﻻﺍ

. ﺡﻮﺿﻮﻟﺍﻭ ، ﻖﻴﻀﻟﺍ

.(ﺔﻳﻮﻗ ﻝﻼﻅ ﻰﻄﻌﺗ ﺎﻬﻧﻷ)

ﺓﺮﺷﺎﺒﻣﺮﻴﻏ ﺓءﺎﺿﻹﺍ

.ﺔﺣﺍﺮﻟﺍﻭ ، ﺔﻌﺘﻤﻟﺍ

) ﻌﺗ ﺎﻬﻧﻷ (ﺔﻓﺮﻐﻟﺍ ﻉﺎﺴﺗﺈﺑ ﺱﺎﺴﺣﺍ ﻰﻄ

ﺓءﺎﺿﻹﺍ ﻡﺍﺪﻌﻧﺍ

. ﻥﻮﻜﺴﻟﺍﻭ ءﻭﺪﻬﻟﺍ

ﺓﺰﻛﺮﻤﻟﺍ ﺓءﺎﺿﻻﺍ

. ﺓﺎﺒﺘﻧﻻﺍ ، ﺡﻮﺿﻮﻟﺍ ، ﺮﺗﻮﺘﻟﺍ

ﺓءﺎﺿﻹﺍ ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ

ﺓﺪﺣﻮﻟﺍ (ﺓءﺎﺿﻹﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺪﺣﺍﻭ ﻉﻮﻧ)

ﻞﻠﻤﻟﺍ

ﻉﻮﻨﺘﻟﺍ (ﺓءﺎﺿﺇ ﻉﻮﻧ ﻦﻣ ﺮﺜﻛﺃ)

ﻩﺎﺒﺘﻧﻻﺍ ، ﺔﺠﻬﺒﻟﺍﻭ ، ﺓﺭﺎﺛﻻﺍ

ﻦﻳﺎﺒﺘﻟﺍ ﻠﻈﻣ ﻱﺮﺧﺃﻭ ﺔﺌﻴﻀﻣ ﻖﻁﺎﻨﻣ) (ﺔﻤ

.ﺮﺗﻮﺘﻟﺍﻭ ، ﻂﻐﻀﻟﺍ ، ﺝﺎﻋﺰﻧﻻﺍ

ﻢﻏﺎﻨﺘﻟﺍ . ﺔﺠﻬﺒﻟﺍ ، ﺓﺩﺎﻌﺴﻟﺍﻭ ، ﺔﺣﺍﺮﻟﺍ

ﺓﺭﻮﺻ ﻢﻗﺭ ) (1 ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﺢﺿﻮﺗ ﺓءﺎﺿﻻﺍ

ﻰﻠﻋ ﺭﻮﻌﺷ ﻍﺍﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﻞﺧﺍﺩ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﻻﺍ ،

ﺎﻣﺃ ،ﻞﻠﻤﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﺑﺎﺗﺮﻟﺎﺑ ﺭﻮﻌﺷ ﻰﻄﻋﺃ ﺭﺎﺴﻴﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻳﻭﺎﺴﺘﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺓءﺎﺿﻹﺍ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ

ﻢﻏﺎﻨﺗﻭ ﻉﺎﻘﻳﺇ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻟ ﺍﺮﻈﻧ ﺓﺭﺎﺛﻻﺍﻭ ﺔﺠﻬﺒﻟﺎﺑ ﺭﻮﻌﺷ ﻰﻄﻋﺃ ﻦﻴﻤﻴﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺓءﺎﺿﻹﺍ ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺗﻭ ﻊﻳﺯﻮﺗ

2 . ﻍﺍﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﺏﻮﻴﻋ ﻦﻴﺴﺤﺗ ﻲﻠﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ

:

ﺖﻴﺑ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ ﻡﺪﺨﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻌﻁﺎﺴﻟﺍ ﻑﻮﻘﺴﻟﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻤﻛ ، ﺔﻘﻴﻘﺤﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻮﻫ ﺎﻣ ﻦﻋ ﻥﺎﻜﻤﻟﺍ ﻉﺎﺴﺗﺎﺑ ﺱﺎﺴﺣﻹﺍ ﻰﻟﺍ ﻯﺩﺆﻳ ﺢﺿﺍﻭ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﻂﺋﺍﻮﺤﻟﺍ ﺓءﺎﺿﺍ ﻥﺍ ﺭﻮﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﺯﺰﻌﺗ ﺭﻮﻨﻟﺍ

ﻔﻟﺍ ﻉﺎﺴﺗﺎﺑ . ﻍﺍﺮ

ISSN : 2028-9324 Vol. 24 No. 1, Aug. 2018 155 3 . ﻒﻁﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﺰﻳﺰﻌﺗ ﺔﻴﺑﺎﺠﻳﻹﺍ

:

:ﺔﻳﺅﺮﻟﺍ ﺡﻮﺿﻮﺑ ﺭﻮﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﺰﻳﺰﻌﺗ 

ﻂﻐﻀﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻑﻮﺨﻟﺍ ﺭﻮﻌﺷ ﺔﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﻥﻭﺩﻭ ﺮﻴﺼﻗ ﺖﻗﻭ ﻰﻓﻭ ﺔﻟﻮﻬﺴﺑ ءﺎﻴﺷﻷﺍﻭ ﻦﻛﺎﻣﻸﻟ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﻷﺍ ﻝﻮﺻﻭ ﺔﻟﻮﻬﺳ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻳﺅﺮﻟﺍ ﺡﻮﺿﻭ ﺮﺛﺆﻳ

ﻥﻮﺿﺮﻌﺘﻳ ﻦﻳﺬﻟﺍ ﺹﺎﺨﺷﻷﺎﻓ ،

ﺍﺩ ﺔﻟﻮﻬﺴﺑ ﻢﻬﺘﻬﺟﻭ ﻰﻟﺍ ﻢﻬﻟﻮﺻﻭ ﻡﺪﻋ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻰﻧﺎﻜﻤﻟﺍ ﻖﻠﻘﻟﺎﺑ ﻰﻤﺴﻳ ﺎﻤﻟ ﺐﻌﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺱﺄﻴﻟﺎﺑ ﺭﻮﻌﺷ ﻰﻟﺍ ﻯﺩﺆﻳ ﻡﺪﻟﺍ ﻂﻐﺿ ﻲﻓ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍﻭ ﻉﺍﺪﺼﺑ ﻥﻮﺑﺎﺼﻳ ﻥﺎﻜﻤﻟﺍ ﻞﺧ

(M. Lutfi

Hidayetoglu, Kemal Yildirim ,and Aysu Akalin, 2012, p. 50) .

ﺩﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﺭﻮﻌﺷ ﻦﻣ ﺪﻳﺰﻳ ﻍﺍﺮﻔﻟﺎﺑ ﺓﺩﻮﺟﻮﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﻘﻓﻷﺍ ﺢﻄﺳﻷﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓءﺎﺿﻹﺍ ﺕﺎﻳﻮﺘﺴﻣ ﻉﺎﻔﺗﺭﺍﻭ

ﺑ ﺟ ﻰﻟﺍ ، ﺔﻳﺅﺮﻟﺍ ﺡﻮﺿﻭ ﺓﺩﺎﻳﺰﺑ ﺎﻀﻳﺃ ﺱﺎﺴﺣﺇ ﻰﻄﻌﻳ ﻂﺋﺍﻮﺤﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺕﺍءﺎﺿﻻﺍ ﺾﻌﺑ ﻊﻣ ﺔﻓﺮﻐﻟﺍ ﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﺴﻴﺋﺮﻟﺍ ﺓءﺎﺿﻹﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻤﻛ ، ءﺎﻴﺷﻷﺍ ﺡﻮﺿﻮ ءﻮﻀﻟﺍ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﺐﻧﺎ

.ﺓﺩﺭﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﻥﺍﻮﻟﻷﺍ ﺕﺍﺫ ﺕﺍءﺎﺿﻻﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺾﻴﺑﻷﺍ

:ءﺎﺧﺮﺘﺳﻻﺎﺑ ﺭﻮﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﺰﻳﺰﻌﺗ 

( ﻚﻴﻟﺎﺑﻷﺎﻛ) ﺓﺪﺣﻮﻣ ﺮﻴﻏ ﺔﻴﻄﺋﺎﺣ ﺕﺍءﺎﺿﺍ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﻥﺍ ءﺎﺧﺮﺘﺳﻻﺎﺑ ﺩﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﺭﻮﻌﺷ ﺰﻳﺰﻌﺗ ﺎﻬﻧﺄﺷ ﻦﻣ ﺕﺍﺩﺪﺤﻣ ﺎﻬﻠﻛ ﺔﺌﻓﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﻥﺍﻮﻟﻷﺍ ﺕﺍﺫ ﺕﺍءﺎﺿﻻﺍﻭ ، ﺔﺘﻓﺎﺨﻟﺍ ﺕﺍءﺎﺿﻻﺍﻭ ،

ﺔﻓﺮﻐﻟﺍ ﻞﺧﺍﺩ (Ginthner, 2012, p. 4)

.

: ﺔﻴﺻﻮﺼﺨﻟﺎﺑ ﺭﻮﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﺰﻳﺰﻌﺗ 

ﺴﺗ ﻡﺪﻋﻭ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﻷﺍ ﺎﻬﺑ ﺪﺟﺍﻮﺘﻳ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺎﻳﺍﻭﺰﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻞﻗﺃ ﺓءﺎﺿﺍ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﻢﻫﺭﻮﻌﺷ ﺯﺰﻌﻳ ﻯﺮﺧﻷﺍ ﻦﻛﺎﻣﻷﺍ ﻲﻓ ءﻮﻀﻟﺍ ﺓﺩﺎﻳﺯﻭ ﺎﻬﺑ ﻥﻮﻣﻮﻘﻳ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻄﺸﻧﻷﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ءﻮﻀﻟﺍ ﻂﻴﻠ

.ﺭﻮﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﺪﻴﻛﺄﺗ ﻲﻓ ﻢﻫﺎﺴﻳ ﻂﺋﺍﻮﺤﻟﺍ ﺕﺍءﺎﺿﺍﻭ ، (ﻚﻴﻟﺎﺑﻷﺎﻛ ) ﺪﺣﻮﻣ ﺮﻴﻐﻟﺍ ﺕﺍءﺎﺿﻻﺍ ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻤﻛ ، ﺔﻴﺻﻮﺼﺨﻟﺎﺑ

) ﻢﻗﺭ ﻞﻜﺷ (8

ﻴﻴﻐﺘﻟﺍ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﺢﺿﻮﻳ ﺮ

ﺔﻟﺎﺤﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓءﺎﺿﻹﺍﻭ ﻥﺍﻮﻟﻷﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻔﻁﺎﻌﻟﺍ

(Asma Naz , Regis Kopper , Ryan P.McMahan and Mihai Nadin, 2017, p. 1:9)

ﻒﻠﺘﺨﺗ ﺎﻤﻛ ، ﺓءﺎﺿﻹﺍ ﻊﻣ ﻪﻠﻋﺎﻔﺗ ﻦﻋ ﺔﺠﺗﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺮﻴﺛﺄﺘﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺪﻤﺘﻌﺗ ﻲﻠﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﻍﺍﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻥﻮﻠﻟﺍ ﻙﺍﺭﺩﺇ ﺔﻴﻠﻤﻌﻓ ،ﻥﻼﺼﻔﻨﻳ ﻻ ﻥﻮﻠﻟﺍﻭ ءﻮﻀﻟﺍ ﻥﺍ ﻉﻮﻧ ﻑﻼﺘﺧﺎﺑ ﻥﻮﻠﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺅﺭ

ﺭﺩﺇ ﻦﻣ ﺞﺗﺎﻨﻟﺍ ﺭﻮﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺍﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﺍ ﺓﺩﺭﺎﺑ ﻭﺃ ﺔﺌﻓﺍﺩ ﺓءﺎﺿﻹﺍ ﺮﻬﻈﺗ ﺎﻤﻛ .ﺓﺮﺷﺎﺒﻣ ﺮﻴﻏﻭﺃ ﺓﺮﺷﺎﺒﻣ ﺖﻧﺎﻛ ﺍﺫﺇ ﺎﻣﻭ ﺓءﺎﺿﻹﺍ ﻞﻜﻛ ﻍﺍﺮﻔﻟﺍﻭ ﻥﺍﻮﻟﻷﺍ ﻊﻣ ﺎﻬﻛﺍ

. (Asma Naz ,

Regis Kopper , Ryan P.McMahan and Mihai Nadin, 2017, p. 3)

:ﺔﻔﻁﺎﻌﻟﺍﻭ ﻞﻜﺸﻟﺍ  ﻮﻫ ﺎﻤﻛ ﻝﺎﻜﺷﻷﺍ ﻒﻴﻨﺼﺗ ﺔﻓﺮﻌﻣ ﻡﺰﻠﻳ ﺮﺛﻷﺍ ﺍﺬﻫ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻑﺮﻌﺘﻠﻟﻭ ،ﻥﺍﺪﺟﻮﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺮﺛﺆﺗ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﺕﺎﻋﺎﺒﻄﻧﺍ ﻰﻄﻌﺗ ﻝﺎﻜﺷﻷﺍ ﻥﺍ .(،) ﻢﻗﺭ ﻞﻜﺷ ﻲﻓ ﺢﺿﻮﻣ

:ﻦﻜﺴﻤﻠﻟ ﻰﻠﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﻍﺍﺮﻔﻟﺎﺑ ﺭﻮﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓءﺎﺿﻹﺍ ﺕﺍﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ

1 . : ﻒﻁﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﺎﺛﺇ ﻜﺷﻷﺍ ﺕﺎﻤﺴﻓ .ﺔﻤﻤﺼﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻏﺍﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﻞﺧﺍﺩ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﻸﻟ ﺔﻴﻔﻁﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻟﺎﺤﻟﺍﻭ ﻝﺎﻜﺷﻷﺍ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﺩﻮﺟﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺍﺪﻛﺃ ﻲﻓﺮﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﺲﻔﻨﻟﺍ ﻢﻠﻋﻭ ﺏﺎﺼﻋﻻﺍ ﻢﻠﻋ ﻥﺍ ﻦﻳﺎﺒﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺮﻅﺎﻨﺘﻟﺎﻛ ﻝﺎ

ﺮﺛﺆﺗ ﺔﻔﻟﻷﺍﻭ ﺪﻴﻘﻌﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﺎﻬﻧﻷ ﺔﻠﺛﺎﻤﺘﻣ ﺮﻴﻐﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺮﺜﻛﺃ ﺔﻠﺛﺎﻤﺘﻤﻟﺍ ﻝﺎﻜﺷﻸﻟ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﻷﺍ ﻞﻴﻀﻔﺗ ﺕﺎﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﺕﺮﻬﻅﺃ ﺪﻗﻭ .ﻢﻬﻳﺪﻟ ﺔﻧﻮﻜﺘﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻔﻁﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻉﻮﻧﻭ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﻷﺍ ﻙﺍﺭﺩﺇ ﻰﻠﻋ

ﺔﻠﻬﺳ

ﺔﻌﻠﻀﻤﻟﺍﻭ ﺓﺩﺎﺤﻟﺍ ﻝﺎﻜﺷﻷﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺮﺜﻛﺃ ﺔﻴﻨﺤﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﻝﺎﻜﺷﻷﺍﻭ ، ﺔﻴﺳﺍﺪﺴﻟﺍ ﻝﺎﻜﺷﻷﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺮﺜﻛﺃ ﺔﻳﺮﺋﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﻝﺎﻜﺷﻷﺍ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﻷﺍ ﻞﻀﻔﻳ ﺎﻤﻛ ، ﻙﺍﺭﺩﻹﺍ ﻤﻛ .

ﻢﻬﻣ ﺭﻭﺩ ﺎﻬﻟ ﻝﺎﻜﺷﻷﺍ ﺐﺴﻧ ﻥﺃ ﺎ

ﺒﻜﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺣﺎﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺫ ﻝﺎﻜﺷﻷﺍﻭ ﺮﺗﻮﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﻕﺎﻨﺘﺧﻻﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﻖﻠﺨﺗ ﺓﺮﻴﻐﺼﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺣﺎﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺫ ﻝﺎﻜﺷﻷﺎﻓ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﻸﻟ ﺔﻴﻔﻁﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻟﺎﺤﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺘﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺝﺎﻋﺰﻧﻻﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻟﺎﺣ ﻖﻠﺨﺗ ﺍﺪﺟ ﺓﺮﻴ

(Avishag Shemeshi , Moshe Bar and Yasha Jacob Grobman, 2015 , p. 2:6) .

ISSN : 2028-9324 Vol. 24 No. 1, Aug. 2018 156 ﻝﻭﺪﺟ

)ﻢﻗﺭ ﺩﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻲﻔﻁﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺎﻫﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﻯﺪﻣﻭ ﻝﺎﻜﺷﻷﺍ ﻒﻴﻨﺼﺗ ﺢﺿﻮﻳ (4

ﻝﺎﻜﺷﻷﺍ ﻒﻴﻨﺼﺗ

ﻲﻔﻁﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺘﻟﺍ

ﺔﻴﺳﺪﻨﻬﻟﺍ ﻝﺎﻜﺷﻷﺍ

Geometric Shapes

ﺓﺮﺋﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺓﺭﺪﻘﻟﺍﻭ ، ﺔﻛﺮﺤﻟﺍﻭ ، ﺔﻣﻼﺴﻟﺍﻭ ﻥﺎﻣﻷﺍﻭ ،ﻞﻣﺎﻜﺘﻟﺍﻭ ،ﻂﺑﺍﺮﺘﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻠﺜﻤﺘﻣ ﺔﻴﺑﺎﺠﻳﺇ ﺔﻔﻁﺎﻋ ﻰﻄﻌﺗ

. ﺓﻮﻘﻟﺍﻭ ، ﺔﻗﺎﻄﻟﺍﻭ ، ﻞﻤﺤﺘﻟﺍ

ﻊﺑﺮﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﺑﻼﺼﻟﺎﺑ ﺱﺎﺴﺣﺇ ﻰﻄﻌﻳ

.ﺔﻴﻧﻼﻘﻌﻟﺍﻭ ﻦﻣﻷﺍﻭ ﺭﺍﺮﻘﺘﺳﻻﺍﻭ

ﺚﻠﺜﻤﻟﺍ .ﻥﺍﺰﺗﻻﺍﻭ ﺓﻮﻘﻟﺍﻭ ﻉﺍﺮﺼﻟﺍﻭ ﺮﺗﻮﺘﻟﺎﺑ ﺱﺎﺴﺣﺇ ﻰﻄﻌﻳ

ﻥﻭﺰﻠﺤﻟﺍ ﺭﻮﻄﺘﻟﺍﻭ ﻮﻤﻨﻟﺍﻭ ﻉﺍﺪﺑﻹﺎﺑ ﺱﺎﺴﺣﺇ ﻰﻄﻌﻳ

،ﺮﻴﻀﺧ ﺪﻣﺎﺣ ، ﻝﻼﻫ ﺽﺎﻳﺭ) 2014

ﺔﺤﻔﺻ ، 106 ( .

ﺔﻳﻮﻀﻌﻟﺍ ﻝﺎﻜﺷﻷﺍ

Organic Shapes

ﻮﻤﻟﺍ ﻝﺎﻜﺷﻷﺍ ﻲﻫﻭ ﻲﻓ ﺓﺩﻮﺟ

ﻢﺴﺠﻟﺍ ﻞﻜﺸﻛ ﺎﻬﻟﺎﺣ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﻌﻴﺒﻄﻟﺍ ﺎﻫﺮﻴﻏﻭ ﺮﺠﺸﻟﺍ ﺔﻗﺭﻭﻭ ﻱﺮﺸﺒﻟﺍ .

، ﺔﻴﺳﺪﻨﻬﻟﺍ ﻝﺎﻜﺷﻷﺎﺑ ﺎﻬﺘﻧﺭﺎﻘﻤﺑ ﺔﻳﺮﺸﺒﻟﺍ ﺲﻔﻨﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻴﺑﺎﺠﻳﺇ ﺍﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﻰﻄﻌﺗ ﺔﻳﻮﻀﻌﻟﺍ ﻝﺎﻜﺷﻷﺍ

ﺔﻴﺒﻠﺳ ﺮﻋﺎﺸﻣ ﻲﻟﺍ ﻯﺩﺆﺗ ﺓﺩﺎﺤﻟﺍ ﻝﺎﻜﺷﻷﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺑﺎﺠﻳﺇ ﺮﻋﺎﺸﻣ ﻲﻟﺍ ﻯﺩﺆﺗ ﺔﻴﻨﺤﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﻝﺎﻜﺷﻷﺍﻭ (S.

Arin and P. Y. K. Cheung, 2007, p. 68 : 77) .

ﺓﺩﺮﺠﻤﻟﺍ ﻝﺎﻜﺷﻷﺍ

Abstract Shapes

ﻦﻣ ﺓﺩﺮﺠﻤﻟﺍ ﻝﺎﻜﺷﻷﺍ ﻰﻫﻭ ﻑﻭﺮـﺤﻟﺎﻛ ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺒﻄﻟﺍ ﻝﺎﻜﺷﻷﺍ .ﺕﺎﻧﻮﻘﻳﻷﺍﻭ ﺯﻮـــــﻣﺮﻟﺍﻭ

ﺩﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﻥﺍﺪﺟﻭ ﻲﻓ ﺎﻬﺘﻟﻻﺪﻟ ﺎﻘﻓﻭ

) ﻢﻗﺭ ﻞﻜﺷ (9

ﻞﺧﺍﺩ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻟﺍ ﻝﺎــــــــﻜﺷﻸﻟ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﻷﺍ ﻞﻴﻀﻔﺘﻟ ﻲﻧﺎﻴﺑ ﻢﺳﺭ ﺢﺿﻮﻳ ﻢﻤﺼﻤﻟﺍ ﻍﺍﺮــــﻔﻟﺍ

(Avishag Shemeshi , Moshe Bar and Yasha Jacob Grobman, 2015, p. 7)

) ﻢﻗﺭ ﻞﻜﺷ

(10 ﺎﻜﺷﻷﺍ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺘﻟ ﻲﻧﺎﻴﺑ ﻢﺳﺭ ﺢﺿﻮﻳ ﻝ

ﻞﺧﺍﺩ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﻷﺍ ﺭﻮـــــﻌﺷ ﻰﻠﻋ

ﻟﺍ ﻢﻤﺼﻤﻟﺍ ﻍﺍﺮـــﻔ

(Avishag Shemeshi , Moshe Bar and Yasha Jacob Grobman, 2015, p. 7)

2 . ﻒﻁﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﺰﻳﺰﻌﺗ ﺔﻴﺑﺎﺠﻳﻹﺍ

:

ISSN : 2028-9324 Vol. 24 No. 1, Aug. 2018 157 ) ﻢﻗﺭ ﻞﻜﺷ

(11 ﺎـــــــــــﻜﺷﻸﻟ ﺩﺍﺮـــــــــﻓﻷﺍ ﻞﻴﻀﻔﺗ ﺐﺴﻨﻟ ﻲﻧﺎﻴﺑ ﻢﺳﺭ ﺢﺿﻮﻳ ﻝ

ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻟﺍ ﺔــــــﻄﺸﻧﻸﻟ ﺎــــــــــﻬﺘﻤﺋﻼﻣﻭ ﻢﻤﺼﻤﻟﺍ ﻍﺍﺮـــــــﻔﻟﺍ ﻞﺧﺍﺩ

ﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﺾﻌﺑ ﺖﺘﺒﺛﺃ ﺎﻤﻛ ﺔﻳﺮﺸﺒﻟﺍ ﺲﻔﻨﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺎﻴﺑﺎﺠﻳﺇ ﺍﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﻰﻄﻌﺗ ﺔﻳﻮﻀﻌﻟﺍ ﻝﺎﻜﺷﻷﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻭ . ﺓﺩﺎﻌﺴﻟﺍﻭ ﺐﻀﻐﻟﺍ ﻞﺜﻣ ﺮﻋﺎﺸﻤﻟﺍ ﻞﻘﻨﺗ ﺔﻳﺮﺼﺑ ﺽﻭﺮﻋ ﻲﻫ ﻝﺎﻜﺷﻷﺍ ﻥﺃ ﺕﺎ

ﺔﻴﺒﻠﺳ ﺮﻋﺎﺸﻣ ﻲﻟﺍ ﻯﺩﺆﺗ ﺓﺩﺎﺤﻟﺍ ﻝﺎﻜﺷﻷﺍﻭ ﺔﻴﺑﺎﺠﻳﺇ ﺮﻋﺎﺸﻣ ﻲﻟﺍ ﻯﺩﺆﺗ ﺔﻴﻨﺤﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﻝﺎﻜﺷﻷﺍﻭ ، ﺔﻴﺳﺪﻨﻬﻟﺍ ﻝﺎﻜﺷﻷﺎﺑ ﺎﻬﺘﻧﺭﺎﻘﻤﺑ (S. Arin and P. Y. K. Cheung, 2007, p.

68:77) ﺎﻀﻳﺃﻭ . ﺍ ﻥﻭﺩ ﻞﻜﺸﻟ ﻲﻔﻁﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﻞﻴﻀﻔﺘﻟﺍ ﻯﺪﻣ ﺪﻳﺪﺤﺗ ﻢﺘﻳ ﻪﺳﺎﺳﺃ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻱﺬﻟﺍ ﻁﺎﺸﻨﻟﺍ ﻉﻮﻨﺑ ﻦﻜﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﻞﺧﺍﺩ ﻲﻠﺧﺍﺪﻟﺍ ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺘﻟﺍ ﻰﻓ ﻝﺎﻜﺷﻷﺍ ﻉﻮﻧ ﺭﺎﻴﺘﺧﺍ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻳ ﻰﻓﻭ ﺮﺧﻷ

)ﻢﻗﺭ ﻞﻜﺷ 11 ﺩ ﻁﺎﺸﻨﻟﺍ ﻉﻮﻨﺑ ﺎﻫﺮﺛﺄﺗﻭ ﺔﻴﻔﻁﺎﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﻼﻴﻀﻔﺘﻟﺍ ﺢﻀﺘﻳ ( . ﻦﻜﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﻞﺧﺍ

:ﺔﺻﺎﺨﻟﺍ ﺔﻄﺸﻧﻷﺍ .( ﺓءﺍﺮﻘﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻌﻟﺎﻄﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻏﺍﺮﻓﻭ ﻡﺎﻤﺠﺘﺳﻻﺍ ﺕﺎﻏﺍﺮﻓﻭ ﻩﺎﻴﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺭﻭﺩﻭ ﻡﻮﻨﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻏﺍﺮﻓ ) ﺔﻴﺻﻮﺼﺨﻟﺍﻭ ﺔﻟﺰﻌﻟﺍﻭ ءﻭﺪﻬﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺥﺎﻨﻣ ﻰﻟﺇ ﺝﺎﺘﺤﺗ

:ﺔﻴﻨﻫﺬﻟﺍ ﺔﻄﺸﻧﻷﺍ .(ﺦﺒﻄﻤﻟﺍ ﻍﺍﺮﻓﻭ ﺔﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍﻭ ﺓﺮﻛﺍﺬﻤﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻞﻤﻌﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻏﺍﺮﻓ) ﺰﻴﻛﺮﺗﻭ ﻲﻨﻫﺫ ﺩﻮﻬﺠﻣ ﺐﻠﻄﺘﺗ ﻝﺎﻤﻋﺃ

ﺔﻄﺸﻧﻷﺍ :ﺔﻴﻧﺪﺒﻟﺍ ( ﺔﺿﺎﻳﺮﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺭﺎﻤﻣ ﺕﺎﻏﺍﺮﻓﻭ ﺐﻌﻠﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻏﺍﺮﻓ) ﻱﺪﺴﺟ ﺩﻮﻬﺠﻣ ﺝﺎﺘﺤﺗ

:ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻤﺠﻟﺍ ﺔﻄﺸﻧﻷﺍ ( ﺕﺎﻏﺍﺮﻔﻟﺍ ﻊﻴﻤﺟ) ﻦﻜﺴﻤﻟﺎﺑ ﺔﻴﻟﺎﻤﺠﻟﺍ ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻌﻠﻟ ﻲﻟﺎﻤﺠﻟﺍ ﻕﻭﺬﺘﻟﺍ

ﺔﻴﺴﻤﻠﻟﺍ ﺕﺍﺰﻔﺤﻤﻟﺍ ﺎﻴﻧﺎﺛ Touching Stimuli

:

ﺎﺒﻤﻟﺍ ﺲﻤﻠﻟﺎﺑ ﺲﻤﻠﻤﻟﺍ ﻙﺍﺭﺩﺇ ﻢﺘﻳﻭ ، ﺢﻄﺳﻷﺍ ﻖﺳﺎﻨﺗ ﻭ ﺮﻬﻈﻤﺑ ﺭﻮﻌﺸﻟﺍ ﻮﻫ ﺲﻤﻠﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻣﺎﺧ ﻉﻮﻧ ﻙﺍﺭﺩﺇ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﻷﺍ ﻯﺪﻟ ﺔﻧﻮﻜﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻘﺒﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻳﺮﺼﺒﻟﺍ ﺓﺮﺒﺨﻟﺎﺑ ﻭﺃ ﺮﺷ

ﺍﻭ ﺔﻧﻮﺸﺨﻟﺍ ﻦﻴﺑ ﺲﻤﻠﻤﻟﺍ ﺕﻭﺎﻔﺘﻳﻭ ، ﻲﺴﻤﻠﻟﺍ ﺱﺎﺴﺣﻻﺍ ﻥﻮﻜﺗﻭ ﺎﻌﻣ ﺝﺰﺘﻤﺗ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻤﻟﺍ ﺲﻣﻼﻤﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ﻦﻣ ﻥﻮﻜﻣ ﻍﺍﺮﻔﻟﺍ . ﺢﻄﺴﻟﺍ ﺔﻣﻭﺎﻘﻣﻭ ﻞﻜﺷﻭ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺍﺩﺎﻤﺘﻋﺍ ﺔﻣﻮﻌﻨﻟ

ﻟﺍ ﺔﻣﺎﺨﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﺌﻳﺰﺟ ﻖﻤﻋﻭ ﻩﺎﺠﺗﺍﻭ ﻢﺠﺣﻭ ﺔﻓﺎﺜﻛ . ﺢﻄﺴﻟﺍ ﺎﻬﻨﻣ ﻊﻨﺼﻤ

ﺓﺭﻮﺻ ) ﻢﻗﺭ (2 ﺗ ﺢﺿﻮ ﺲﻤﻠﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﺕﺎﻨﻴﻋ –

ﻴﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﻮﺼﻟﺍ (ﻲﺒﻠﺳ) ﻱﺮﺴﻴﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﻮﺼﻟﺍﻭ ، (ﻰﺑﺎﺠﻳﺍ) ﻰﻨﻤ

ﻟﻻﺍ ﻦﻴﺜﺣﺎﺒﻟﺍ ﺾﻌﺑ ﺃﺪﺑ ﺪﻗﻭ . ﺎﻤﺋﺍﺩ ﺎﻬﻌﻣ ﺮﺷﺎﺒﻣ ﻙﺎﻜﺘﺣﺍ ﻲﻓ ﻥﺎﺴﻧﻻﺍﻭ ، ﺕﺎﺠﺘﻨﻣ ﻭﺃ ﺔﻴﻌﻴﺒﻁ ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻋ ﻦﻣ ﺎﻨﺑ ﻂﻴﺤﻳ ﺎﻣ ﻞﻛ ﻲﻓ ﺩﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﺲﻤﻠﻤﻟﺍ ﻥﺍ ﻒﻁﺍﻮﻌﻟﺍ ﺔﻗﻼﻋ ﻰﻟﺍ ﺕﺎﻔﺘ

.ﺏﺎﺼﻋﻷﺍ ﻒﺋﺎـــــــﻅﻭ ﻢﻠﻋﻭ ﺲﻔــــﻨﻟﺍ ﻢـــــــــــــﻠﻋ ﻝﻼﺧ ﻦﻣ ﺲﻤﻠﻟﺍ ﺔﺳﺎﺤﺑ ﺕﺎﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﺖﻠﺻﻮﺗﻭ

ﺎﻬﻴﻠﻋ ﻖﻔﺘﻳ ﻲﺘﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺴﻤﻠﻤﻟﺍ ﺢﻣﻼﻤﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺺﺋﺎﺼﺨﻟﺍ ﺾﻌﺑ ﻙﺎﻨﻫ ﻥﺍ ﺔﺜﻳﺪﺤﻟﺍ

) ﻢﻗﺭ ﺓﺭﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﻝﺎﺜﻤﻟﺍ ﻞﻴﺒﺳ ﻰﻠﻋ ، ﺩﺍﺮﻓﻷﺍ ﻊﻴﻤﺟ 2

ﺓﺬﻫ ﺖﻠﺻﻮﺗ ﺎﻤﻛ .ﻯﺮﺴﻴﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺣﺎﻧ ﺔﻴﺒﻠﺳ ﺕﺎﻋﺎﺒﻄﻧﺍﻭ ﻰﻨﻤﻴﻟﺍ ﺓﺭﻮﺼﻟﺍ ﺔﻴﺣﺎﻧ ﺔﻴﺑﺎﺠﻳﺇ ﺕﺎﻋﺎﺒﻄﻧﺍ ﺩﺍﺮﻓﻻﺍ ﻲﻄﻋﺃ (

ﻟﺍﻭ ﺮﻴﻜﻔﺘﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺮﺛﺆﻳ ﺲﻤﻠﻤﻟﺍ ﻥﺃ ﻲﻟﺇ ﺕﺎﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﺮﺷﺎﺒﻣ ﻞﻜﺸﺑ ﺔﻔﻁﺎﻌ

) SYNTEX (

.