Name : Saharani Nurlaila Buamonabot Nim : 121711233159
AUSTRALIA STUDIES
Boomerang as a Traditional Weapon of Australian Native (Aboriginal Tribes)
I. Introduction
The reason for choosing this topic, because I feel interested to know and explain more deeply about the topic of my discussion. quite interesting to talk about because not many people know that boomerangs are the traditional weapons of the australian or native australians (aboriginal tribes) and the unique historical story in which what, who, when, where, why and who invented or who played a role and there in the history of the discovery of these weapons. One of my reasons also is, I want to know how to work using boomerang or How boomerang it is works and writing my paper from several references that are relevant to the topic that I will write, and some cases of lack of knowledge about my topic in the wider community became my main goal that push me to write it. Start this topic with The Hisstory of Boomerang.
II. HISTORY OF BOOMERANG
A boomerang is a typical Aboriginal throwing weapon from Australia that is used for hunting and a boomerang has a uniqueness that is able to return to the person who threw it must be in a considerable distance. At the beginning of its use as a weapon for hunting by Aboriginal tribes, the boomerang cannot return to the person who threw it. It wasn't until 10,000 years ago that aboriginal people accidentally discovered a boomerang that could return after being thrown. Aboriginal tribes are believed to have begun to develop boomerang that can return after trying to perfect from the initial form which only flattens into a curved shape like the plane wing. after a long time doing refinement, the boomerang has the ideal weight and can return to fly curved and returned to the person who threw it.
A boomerang is a thrown tool, typically constructed as a flat airfoil, that is designed to spin about an axis perpendicular to the direction of its flight. A returning boomerang is designed to return to the thrower. It is well known as a weapon used by some Aboriginal Australian peoples for hunting. Boomerangs are traditionally fashioned from Mulga or Black Wattle. A returning boomerang was made from roots of these trees which already had the right shape. This is because the tips of a boomerang tend to break off when it hits the ground unless the grain of the wood follows the shape. When thrown correctly, a returning
boomerang flies through the air in a circular path and arrives back at its starting point.
Returning boomerangs evolved out of non-returning boomerangs. These are also curved
pieces of wood, but they are usually heavier and longer, typically 3 feet (1 meter) or more across.
Quoted from A Noongar word for ‘smoke’ finds a place in science. University News.
University of Western Australia. Pub 6 March 2009. Retrieved 12 December 2016 The kylie, kali or garli Is the stick of the return throw. In English for a return throw stick it is called a boomerang after a Dharug word. They were very important to the people of Noongar, being used for making music, dancing, and hunting for food (not sport). There are several types of kylie: ritual were mortal forms of hunts. Aboriginal people and many other cultures invented the non-returning throw stick, called dowak or koondi in Noongar. In the picture 'Aboriginal throw sticks from Cairns' il the right, the throwing stick second from left is a dowak, all the others are kylies. Because Europeans didn't invent a kylie there isn't an English name for nidja, so the word boomerang was borrowed from the Dharug word for a kylie. The Ancient Egyptians also invented the kylie as well as using dowaks when hunting birds in the marshes along the river Nile. A replica of some of the throwsticks from the Pharaoh Tutankhamun's tomb were made and some of them would return. The throwing technique used was different from that used for a kylie. Aboriginal Boomerang used for war would break when they struck their target so that they couldn't be thrown back. Nevertheless, kylie is not used anywhere in Australia-about 60 percent of people in Australia use returning throwing sticks and non-returning throwing sticks, among them 10 percent using non-returning throwing sticks are 30 percent the rest are not being used. In some of the world's oldest rock art in the Kimberly Australia area, depictions of rock art of boomerangs thrown at animals such as kangaroos exist which are supposed to occur but have the potential to be as old as 50,000 years. Boomerang was first discovered in December 1804 by Europeans at Farm Cove (Port Jackson), Australia, when a tool was used during tribal battles: The white spectators were astonished at the extraordinary strength and force with which a crooked blob resembled the Turkish sword hurled by Hungary, a native who distinguished himself by his extraordinary courtesy. The knife, thrown at a distance of 18 or 27 metres, whirled through the air at incredible speed and fell on one of its opponents ' right arm, In reality, it bounced back to a distance not less than 70 or 80 yards [64 or 73 m], leaving behind a horrible contusion and exciting universal admiration. In 1822, it was identified in detail as being reported as a "bou- mar-rang," in the language of the Georges River near Port Jackson's Turuwal people (a Dharug subgroup). For their hunting sticks the Turawal used other terms but used
"boomerang" to refer to a return throw-stick. Boomerangs are the earliest known examples of a man-made object that displays heavier flight than air.
III. BOOMERANG AS A SPECIAL WEAPON ABORIGINE TRIBE WHICH IS ALSO USED FOR EXERCISE (How boomerang works?)
Boomerangs have probably come about through a process of trial and error. See how the experts think they can control boomerangs. When most of us think of boomerangs, we picture someone (maybe a cartoon character) tossing a banana-shaped stick that eventually turns around and returns to the thrower's hand (maybe after hitting another cartoon in the head). In this post, we're going to break down the physical concepts that make boomerangs work, see what's going on when a boomerang flies through the air, and figure out the right way to bring a boomerang back towards you. We will even go through the history of the boomerangs a little bit and see how they first came in. Boomeranging is a fantastic presentation of scientific concepts as well as a fantastic sport you can play on your own. Traditionally, these are basically two wings connected together in one banana-shaped unit, but you can find a number of different boomerang designs available these days, some with three or more wings. Most returning boomerangs measure 1 to 2 feet (30 to 60 cm) across, but there are larger and smaller varieties. When thrown correctly, a returning boomerang flies through the air in a circular path and arrives back at its starting point. Returning boomerangs are not suited for hunting -- they are very hard to aim, and actually hitting a target would stop them from returning to the thrower, pretty much defeating the purpose of the design. Returning
boomerangs evolved out of non-returning boomerangs. These are also curved pieces of wood, but they are usually heavier and longer, typically 3 feet (1 meter) or more across. Non-
returning boomerangs do not have the light weight and special wing design that causes returning boomerangs to travel back to the thrower, but their curved shape does cause them to fly easily through the air. Non-returning boomerangs are effective hunting weapons because they are easy to aim and they travel a good distance at a high rate of speed. There is also such a thing as a battle boomerang, which is basically a non-returning boomerang used in hand-to- hand combat. When you chuck a straight piece of wood about the same size as a boomerang, it'll only keep going in one direction, spinning end over end, before the momentum forces it to the bottom. And the problem is, why is the form of the piece of wood shifting making it live longer in the air and fly back to you? The first thing that separates a boomerang from a normal piece of wood is that it has at least two component pieces while a straight piece of wood is only one. This makes the boomerang rotate around a central point, stabilizing their rotation as they fly through the air. Because of this stabilizing effect, non-returning
boomerangs are stronger at throwing arms than straight sticks: they fly faster and you can shoot them with far greater precision. The returning boomerang has unique components that make it a little different from a regular bent stick to conduct. A classic boomerang in the form of a banana is essentially two wings joined in one assembly. It is the secret to their
mysterious flight route. If you can see in the diagram, the two wings are arranged such that the leading tips, like the blades of a propeller, point in the same direction. A boomerang is simply a propeller at its root and is not bound to something. Propellers, like those on an airplane's front or a helicopter's roof, generate a moving motion through the air by rotating the wheels, which are actually small wings. The force acts on the propeller's axis, the central point. You just mount it to the pole to move a object like a aircraft or a helicopter. The wings are set at a slight angle and have an airfoil shape— they are rounded on one side and square
on the other, much like a wing in the airplane. If you've read How Airplanes Work, so you know this concept offers a boost for the wing. The air particles travel faster over the top of the wing than they do over the bottom of the wing which causes an air pressure difference.
The wing gets a boost as it travels, since the friction below it is greater than above. If you can see in the diagram, the two wings are arranged such that the leading tips, like the blades of a propeller, point in the same direction. A boomerang is simply a propeller at its root and is not bound to something. Propellers, like those on an airplane's front or a helicopter's roof,
generate a moving motion through the air by rotating the wheels, which are actually small wings. The force acts on the propeller's axis, the central point. You just mount it to the pole to move a object like a aircraft or a helicopter.
The classic boomerang propeller axis is only imaginary, so of course it is not related, but the propeller itself is driven by a lifting force. So it will be rational to believe that a boomerang would only take off in one direction, because the aircraft would travel in one direction, using a rotating propeller. You would presume that the forward motion was up as this is the way the axis points— the boomerang would rise up to the sky like a plane was taking the air off until it started rotating and the gravity would bring it down again. It would appear like you can only go to the right or left when you place it on the vertical side, which is the best way to throw a boomerang. Yet that's clearly not what's going on.
Will see why a boomerang turns and gets back to you in the next segment.
Like a propeller, which starts to spin when the vehicle is totally still, the airplane or helicopter is thrown boomerang, and it also has the sensation of floating through the air as well as the spinning propeller action. For the chart below, the wing at the top of the spin ends up going in the same direction as the throw forward movement, while the wing at the bottom of the spin goes in the opposite direction. This means that although the wing on the top spins at the same speed as the wing on the bottom, it simply traverses the air more rapidly. Less air flows under it as a wing travels quicker through the air. This means more height, as the wing needs more energy to bring the additional weight down. So, it's like someone was actively moving the whole boomerang spinning propeller up the turn. So when you lift something from the top, say a chair, everybody knows that you tip it over and it falls down on the table.
Why isn't it when you push a spinning boomerang to the top? You may have already found out what is happening here if you read the How Gyroscopes Function.
IV. CONCLUSION
The boomerang is a typical Aboriginal throwing weapon from Australia used for hunting. While weapons such as the Throwing Stick are also known to be made by other cultures around the world, most people associate boomerangs with Australia because of historical consistency and variety of examples. Boomerang is a traditional weapon of australia native tribe that was discovered accidentally by aboriginal tribes 1 century ago, used as a tool for hunting kangaroos as material for clothing, food and feed. Back then the boomerang was not its first name but it didn't have a name, the aboriginal tribe used the
object to throw it at its target, the kangaroo, at that time the animal often used as food and clothing was the kangaroo. we also learned how to work a boomerang from the first time it can only be thrown and can not return now the boomerang has been modified very well and many scientific lessons can be obtained from how the boomerang works by
calculating, measuring and also the speed in the air.
References
A Noongar word for ‘smoke’ finds a place in science. University News. University of Western Australia. Pub 6 March 2009. Retrieved 12 December 2016
Mark Gwynn. The evolution of a word–the case of ‘Kylie’. Ozwords. Pub 12 December 2012. Retrieved 12 December 2016
Peter Bindon (previously Curator of Anthropology at the WA Museum for 20 years).
"The Ancient Egyptian Hunt". Talk at the Ancient Egyptian Society of WA (AESWA).
Wednesday 6 November 2019
Erin Parke. Aboriginal artwork in the Kimberley could be among oldest in the world, scientists say. ABC News. Pub 3 November 2015. Retrieved 6 December 2016
AUSTRALIAN THROWING-STICKS, THROWING-CLUBS, AND BOOMERANGS https://anthrosource.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1525/aa.1936.38.1.02a00080
https://entertainment.howstuffworks.com/boomerang2.htm https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Boomerang http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/brng.html
https://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-11-02/indigenous-rock-art-could-be-among- oldest-in-world/6906476
https://aiatsis.gov.au/sites/default/files/catalogue_resources/m0043159.pdf