Sensible Architecture: Bamboo Ecotourism and Community Development in Indonesia (Case Study: Ubud, Bali, and Tentena, Poso)
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nity Development in Indonesia. Case Study: Ubud Bali and Tentena Poso
Tony Sofian1, Iwan Sudradjat, Ph.d2, Dr. Baskoro Tedjo3
Abstract. Awareness of the limited natural resources triggers Indonesian archi- tects to use bamboo as main green building material as well as to preserve local wisdom. The use of bamboo has a potential to be a tourist attraction as it forms unique and eco-friendly constructions. Living in bamboo-based constructions also has its meaning and sensation for the customer, depends on the variation of place and socio-cultural context of the community. This study uses a phenomenological method. By using this approach, the meaning will attain from how the architects use bamboo on construction and the active involvement of local community. Sub- jects of this study are the people using a bamboo-based construction in Ubud, Bali, and Poso, Central Sulawesi. The sensory experience of people living in the bam- boo-based construction will, in the end, tell their spatial experience.
Keywords: Bamboo, phenomenology, local wisdom, materiality, sensibility, mean- ing, tourism.
Tony Sofian, Iwan Sudradjat, Ph.d, Dr. Baskoro Tedjo
School of Architecture, Planning, and Policy Development, Institute of Technology Bandung Bandung, Indonesia
Email:[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
Editor Name (ed) , Proceeding of The the International Conference of Arte-Polis - Imagining Expere- ince: Creative Tourism and The Making of Place
DOI: 10.xxxxxxxxxx
©Springer Science+Business Media New York 2016
Background
The physical development that sustains the growth of tourism has long contrib- uted to the cause of environmental degradation. In the realm of architecture, the using of appropriate and eco-friendly primary material can make a great contribu- tion to reducing the environmental damages. This research is aiming to see how architects can give an inspiration by using the eco-friendly material; that are bam- boo to develop the concept of integrated tourism. And bamboos can easily be found in almost all Indonesian regions. In the current tourism discourse, using local materials is imperative regarding the empowerment of local resources to create benefits both economically and ecologically that can various actors involved. Start- ing from the visitors, the local community, and to the investors.
Indonesia's climate which consists of two seasons, summer and rainy season, make it possible to the growing of bamboos in all Indonesia's regions. It is also easy to grow bamboos; people can harvest them only in three years and can directly use them as the primary material for buildings. The bamboo buildings which used as the object of this research located in Ubud, Bali, and Tentena, Poso. It is because of the uniqueness and the difference of the design with another building; these bamboo buildings are being a great tourism object. Besides, the concept of bam- boo buildings as green and eco-friendly buildings make them attractive for those people who are starting to care about the environment about the issue of global warming. All these positive things and the great material sensibility differ from other familiar concrete buildings make the bamboo buildings chosen by the tourist as the place to rest and relax from the tiresome daily routines.
This research is aiming to know how bamboo buildings meant for every person who is doing the activities inside the buildings in the context of creative tourism.
This study held in two different buildings at two different locations. The first build- ing is the Fivelements Puri Ahimsa healing center in Ubud, Bali. The second building is Dodoha Mosintuwu in Tentena, Poso. The site of the first bamboo building is in Ubud, Bali, which has the current and chilly weather full of people who respect and carry the Bali tradition on their head proudly. The Fivelements healing center located in the village of Adat Baturning near the Ayung River. The surrounding of the Fivelements that located in the area of the traditional village make this bam- boo building a kind of building that put a lot of respect for the local traditions by applying the concept of Tri Hita Karana from the Hindu teaching as its main basic concept of the healing center in this building. At this location the tourists do not just enjoy the silence and the best scenery but also learn about healthy lifestyles through foods are offered and learn about the way of life of residents related to how to respect the environment that an important part of daily life. Indirectly vis- itors taught how local communities to enhance the economic potential of the tour- ism sector through without compromising the environment.
Meanwhile, the second location of the bamboo building is in Tentena, Poso, Cen- tral Sulawesi. It is located on the highland or plateau and facing directly to the Poso Lake that also has a very fresh and chilly weather. The area of this bamboo building is still so much quite and surrounded only by gardens, bushes, and the local peo- ple's houses which have a very far distance between every house. This bamboo building is located right on the border of Poso Lake, and there is no another build- ing on both of its right and left side. Beside the existence of this bamboo building that is not located near to the main road, the quiet and desolated condition of the Tentena area also makes this bamboo building not much known even by the local people. The local people who know about the existence of this bamboo building are mostly women and children who are continuously joining the women school held in this bamboo building. The building occupied by one of the NGOs working in the field of education and women's empowerment. In this building, there is also a restaurant and rooms that are rented to tourists. With this, visitors can enjoy the beauty of bamboo buildings with a carpet of green plantations and blue lake Ten- tena. They can be watched even involved in the process of teaching the small chil- dren and participate in making crafts from the second-hand. Most of the inhabit- ant's activities in Tentena are farming, breeding, fish banking, and some are doing official duty. The women school that is held regularly in this bamboo building helps the women in the area of Tentena and Poso able to read, write, and creating art commodities from the unused goods and recycle things.
Despite the different background of culture and custom where these two bamboo buildings are located, both of the bamboo buildings are having a high attractive value for tourism. It is because of the different and unique shape of the bamboo buildings to the other modern buildings made of concrete and glass materials, and also the concept of eco-friendly applied by these bamboo buildings. All these things are giving an excellent inspiration for the tourists who come to visit the buildings. These bamboo buildings create such a cozy place for the visitors and a true condition for the environment. Each person who comes and stays in the bam- boo building has the different story and meaning toward the bamboo building it- self; it gives them a deep feeling. By this condition, the visitors are not just specta- tors in the tourism discourse; they also became actors involved in the development of a community through the container creative tourism. This is the main purpose of this research.
Research Methodology
This research is using the phenomenological method, a method that emphasizes the human who stays and interacts with the building which designed by the inspirational work of the bamboo architect. This research is using the concept from
Cresswell (2013) which points to the Moustakas approach because it has system- atical steps in its analytic data procedure and guidance to arrange the textual and structural description. The main method steps in this process are as followed:
The researcher decided that the best way in formulating the problem of research is by using the phenomenological approach. It is important to tell and share experiences from a study of phenomena as the most pre- cise type of the problem in this research. The researcher identified a study from the phenomena of anger, professionalism, or even from what is the meaning in the loss of weight, for example. Van Manen (1990) identified phenomena as an experience of learning, riding a bicycle, or the begin- ning of taking care a baby for a father.
The data collected from the individual sources who have experienced phenomena. Most of the data collection in the phenomenological research has consisted of in-depth and multiple interview from the par- ticipants. Polkinghorne (1989) recommended the researcher to interview 5-25 people who have experienced the phenomena.
The interview questions focused on the data collecting which will bring us to the textual and structural description of experiences. The steps of phe- nomenological analysis data are first collecting the data and then deciding the research questions. The data analysis is processing the data (for ex- ample, transcript of interview) and underlining the "significant state- ment." Moustakas (1994) named this step a horizontalization.
Then, the researcher develops the cluster of meanings from those signfi- cant questions to be the topics. For the advanced step, these important issues and topics are being used to write a description from what have experienced by the participants (textual description) and from the con- texts or color that influence the way of the participants experiencing those phenomena which by Moustakas is called as the imaginative varia- tion or structural description.
From this structural and textural description, the researcher draws a collaboration which presenting the essence from the phenomena named as essential, invariant structure or essence. This essence is a descriptive explanation, a long phenomenological paragraph that should be able to give a feeling to the reader. "I know better than the person who experi- ences those life experiences" (Polkinghorne 1988, p:46).
A phenomenological approach provides an understanding of deep phenom- ena as experienced by some individual bodies. Phenomenology can involve a data collection in a slender form by attaching only one or some interview with
the participants. The chosen participants who have experienced the phenomena can also find difficulties in relation to the research topic. As has
been stated before, bracketing the personal experience can be difficult for the researcher to do, because the interpretation of the data is always related to
the assumption of the topic brought by the researcher (Van Manen, 1990).
We might need a new definition from epoche or bracketing, as for pending our understanding in a reflective action which awakens our curiosity (Le- Vasseur, 2003). Then, the researcher needs to decide on how he/she can in- troduce his/her personal understanding. The following are the table of results which are using the phenomenological approach based on Cresswell, 148-149, 2013.
Table 2.1 Collecting Data in The Phenomenological Appproach Source: Creswell: 2013, 148-149
Data Collecting Phenomenology
How it is normally learned in the traditional way?
(Certain sites or individual body)
Individual multiplicity who experi- ence the phenomena inside the bam- boo building in Fivelements, Ubud, Bali, and Dodoha Mosintuwu in Ten- tena, Poso
How the typical access and the is- sues create the relation with the place or individual body?
(Access and Relation)
Find the people who experienced those phenomena through the archi- tectural network and start to do the process by asking permission to the people in charge of the bamboo building.
How someone choose a place or person to be learned?
(Sample of its purposive strategy)
Find the people who experienced the phe- nomena appropriate to the criteria which are staying in the bamboo building for more than three months.
How is the typical information collected look alike?
(Form of the data)
By doing some deep interview with 5 to 25 people (Polkinghorne, 1989).
How the information is noted or recorded?
(The problem’s recording)
Some of the interviews are repeated often with the same people.
How do people generally collect the problem data?
(Problems in the field)
Bracketing the experience of the participant and the interviewer, doing preparations and actions needed for the interview.
How do people generally save the information?
(The data’s saving)
Processing the interview’s data recorded as voice record or video record, then doing tran- scription and coding the data using the NVIVO program.
According to the above table, collecting data in the phenomenological approach help this research to find the participants who experienced the phenomena inside the bamboo building for more than three months. Eighteen participants partici- pated in the interview. Bracketing the participants' experiences is one of the diffi- culties faced by the researcher while doing the interview. Information given by the participants are properly kept in the shape of voice and video record which then doing the transcript processing and coding using the NVIVO program. Collecting data in phenomenological method resulted in the following research framework.
Chart 2.1 Research Framework, Source: Sofian, Sudrajat, Tedjo, 2014
Fivelements, Ubud, Bali
The first bamboo building for the research is the Fivelements Puri Ahimsa healing center in Ubud, Bali. This facility was designed by the architect named, Ketut Ar- thana. This bamboo building is located near the Ayung River and emphasizes the importance of retreat, healing, and the Hindu's culture and custom in its services.
The "back to nature" concept of Fivelements is a great attraction for international tourists who want to experience peaceful minds out of their tiring and boring works. This resort has eight villa units which all are made of bamboo. Each of the villas is separated from one another but is located side by side in the same area.
All the eight villas are facing directly toward the current of Ayung River. Therefore it is possible for the visitors to clearly hear the beautiful and natural music-like- sound of the river that can give them a peaceful hearts and minds. This research conducted in the bamboo building that involves five participants. Participants were interviewed were those who worked in this bamboo building. Those who daily work in building this bamboo feel like treated by buildings made of bamboo materials, to be able to feel at one with nature around and feel like in therapy by silence, coolness and beauty posed by the nature around and supported by the shape of the building made of bamboo which is highly integrated with nature makes bamboo building is a tourist destination that is innovative and creative in order to help maintain and preserve the environment. Fivelements which is lo- cated in the traditional village is a rural destination. This resort capable of combin- ing tangible and intangible resources to attract tourists. With bamboo architecture building they were able to attract tourists as well with their principles in running eco-tourism, tourists can enjoy the tranquility and natural atmosphere typical of the countryside.
The "back to nature" concept made it possible for the resort to applying the energy saving system by using the five-watt lamp as its highest voltage lamp in every room. The dark atmosphere can be clearly felt when the night comes because there is no another light used in the area of a bamboo building except the one in the room. The very minimum light and the absent of television and hard music make every visitors able to sharpening their other senses.
Figure 3.1 Fivelements, Ubud Bali Source: Sofian, 2015
They can clearly hear the natural sound of the river, singing of the birds, and the sound of breezing wind. They can feel and enjoy all the wonderful and amazing things around them. It is just like what Malnar said, "As previously noted, our pre- ferred term for the physical constructs that human beings find meaningful is ‘spa- tial-sensory construct.'" Joy M. Malnar also work through the issue appeared on the early October, 1991, from The Architectural Review where its editor stated that "We appreciate a place not just by its impact on our visual cortex but by the way in which it sounds, it feels, and smells. Some of these sensual experience elide, for instance, our full understanding of wood is often achieved by a perception of its smell, its texture (which can be appreciated by both looking and feeling) and by the way in which it modulates the acoustics of the space," (Malnar 2004: 23). Mal- nar made this issue as his basic thinking that "Sensory experience as the key to understanding the essential nature of an architectural construct, in much the way that writers understand the sites they describe," (Malnar 2004: 24).
In the discourse, creative tourism should at least there are some points to con- sider. First, a tourist destination should be able to use local resources and process them to attract tourists. This is done by Fivelements using bamboo material which is building a local. Using bamboo material has some socio-psychological implica- tions. It is as stated by some participants that the use of bamboo is the first en- trance into open social relationships between managers with the tourists. Starting from a sense of wonder or awe for a bamboo buildings, the tourists will ask many questions related to architecture. That creates interaction between the tourist and the managers as tourist attractions. In the discourse of creative tourism, interac- tion and engagement between the manager and the tourist are important because both parties can mutually teases contribution through the exchange of ideas or a container activity.
By staying in this bamboo building, the visitors can experience the feeling of living in the middle of nature, being one with nature, doing the healing therapy for their souls so that they can control their emotion and be more relax. The sound of the river, the sounds of birds, wind noise, and all the sounds of nature is rarely found by those who come and stay at this bamboo building. The sounds of nature that is they can enjoy from this room became therapy and entertainment that is very ex- pensive and a memorable place that made this place into a tourist destination that is creative to be selected for a vacation in Bali that does want to find peace and abstain from hectic work. Bamboo architecture not only provides inspiration for the tourists, but employees also feel inspired to start using the bamboo material to be applied in their homes. This is another important point as a tourist destina- tion location is not only beneficial for visitors, more than that these locations pro- vide inspiration for employees to adopt the practice of their daily lives. This amazing atmosphere is the main attraction of this resort.
This Sakti Dining Room-named restaurant has a shape like a banana leave. There is a small fishpond in the center of this restaurant where the main black-bamboo-
made-foundation of the restaurant is located. There is a stair to the second floor of the restaurant near the fishpond. People can clearly see the Ayung River from the second floor. The menus available in the Fivelements restaurant are all raw food and organic food. This is one of the great advantages the tourists who love healthy life will get. Those who live in these buildings will enjoy this healthy dish and make this building as an option to enjoy their holiday other than normal. This building has been a travel selection is healthy for the body of their minds. It is a very meaningful building for the participants who work in this Fivelements bam- boo building because of they are also able to change their lifestyle to be more close to nature while working here. They are more aware of their health, eat raw and organic foods, being a vegetarian and live a healthy life just like the concept ap- plied in this bamboo building. The natural atmosphere of this bamboo building makes it easy for the participants to accept the natural food.
Figure 3.2 Puri Ahimsa Restaurant and Layout Source: Sofian, 2015, Arte, 2010
The Fivelements also has a meeting room made of bamboo; Mandala Agung. This building has a beautiful circle shape with two different entrances. The ceiling of the meeting room is towering high like a cone where there is a small circle of light coming to the building on its peak. This building is a multipurpose room for the meeting, practicing yoga, etc. The employees of this resort used to sit in a half- circle form to hear their manager's guidances and orders. People who come to this resort love the design of this Mandala Agung building because it gives them the feeling of calmness only by closing their eyes and feeling the breezing wind on their skin. They can also hear the sound of nature clearly. Furthermore, some of the participants even said that they feel like communicating with their Creator and contemplating themselves while staying in this building. Some even feel amazed only by seeing the light coming from the peak of the building's cone-shaped ceiling creating an abstract painting. This is just like Malnar's explanation cited from Ru-
dolf Arnheim that "Hunger pangs, the chills of winter, the fear of violence, the dis- turbance from noise are on equal footing with the need for peace, privacy, space, harmony, order, or color are all facts of human consciousness," (Malnar 2004: 27).
The comfortable, quite, and peaceful atmosphere of this Fivelements bamboo building is loved by everyone who comes to visit and stay here. Beside the visitors of the Fivelements, the participants who work in this building are also able to feel the peaceful mind here so that they can work in their maximum power. They did not find this kind of wonderful feeling while they were working at the other resort with its high-cubical-closed building made of cement and glasses. Related to this, Joy M. Malnar explained that "There are humans commonly experience three kinds of sensory response: first, an immediate physical response to stimulus;
second, a response conditioned by prior knowledge of its source; and third, a response to stimulus as it has become identified in one's memory with a partic-
ular time and place. (We refer to the formation of such mnemonic sensation as sensory imprinting.) The first is an involuntary reaction of the sense organs to stimuli. The second produces a variety of reactions, depending on its character and our understanding of its source. Are we familiar with the sound and odors are likely disquieting, but potentially
Figure 3.3 Mandala Agung and Layout of Mandala Agung Source: Sofian, 2015, Arte, 2010
Exciting, while those that are familiar tend to be reassuring. The third, remem- bered sensation is familiar (if not always reassuring). Such sensation can invoke still other sensation, the sum of which the mind uses to reconstruct the dimension of particular places. Indeed, imprinting can be so powerful that detailed awareness of place can occur in the presence of the stimulus alone," (Malnar 2004: 21). It is this unforgettable memory of a place explained by Malnar that is also felt by the participants who had their experiences staying in this bamboo building. This memory stimulates the participants' senses so that they can experience the feeling of peacefulness, comfort, and happiness while staying in this bamboo building.
Also, the wonderful location and atmosphere of this bamboo building help the par- ticipants to have their healthy life and make them feel like the work they are doing
in this building is not kind of work but is something joyful and valuable. The sensa- tional feelings and experiences felt by the participants while being in this bamboo building will be a very precious memory of place for them.
Fivelements as a tourist destination based on the principle of balance of creative and ecosystem has run an eco-tourism business in line with the ways of life of lo- cals. Position Fivelements is located in the traditional village adapts to local socio- cultural context. That style of business can run business had to adjust to the con- cept of Tri Hita Karana which prioritizes a balanced relationship between humans,
the environment, and the Lord. The use of bamboo architecture and forms a tourist destination that sells healing concept also means a maximization of the
potential of the natural resources available in Ubud to adjust to local wisdom.
Dodoha Mosintuwu, Tentena, Poso
Another bamboo house studied on this research is Dodoha Mosintuwu in Tentena, Poso. The word "Dodoha" itself means home of togetherness in the local lan- guage. This facility was designed by the architect named, Effan Adhiwara. The bam- boo house is owned by Institut Mosintuwu, an NGO striving to empower women
and children in education. This research involved seven participants;
three participants are those working in Institut Mosintuwu, and the other four are this bamboo house's visitors. This building has several functions. The front part facing the Poso Lake is functioned as restaurant and function room for the insti- tute's events. Moving to the middle part of this building, there is a library for the women and children empowered by the Institute. The upper part of this building is functioned as the office of Institute Mosintuwu. The air in this building is well- circulated, cold and mild as the wind blows from Poso Lake. Moreover, working in the bamboo house creates a comfortable workplace atmosphere that makes time flies.
As a tourist destination, Dodoha Mosintuwu managed to create an allure tourists with the architectural character of the bamboo. More importantly, the develop- ment of tourist destinations is not changing the landscape of the neighborhood, so it does not create environmental damage to the surrounding ecosystem. It is a major concern in this environment is how a physical development no implications for the ecosystem of the lake which is on the edge of the building. These Dodoha Mosintuwu buildings harmonize with the surrounding environment is still affected by the impact of modernization. With bamboo architecture, the building manager also sensitizes visitors about environmental awareness movement that is rooted in local knowledge by using local resources. This bamboo house has inspired the locals to utilize bamboo in constructions and deprived the assumption that bam- boo is nothing but the disturbance to their gardens. The locals want to learn on how to use bamboo from their garden as the main material to build houses, so buying timber or iron sheeting is no longer necessary. What's more, the now can
sale their bamboo plants in high prices as they take care of the plants. Visitors coming to the bamboo house find it comfortable, tranquil, and it makes them want to stay there long. In this place, visitors feel no distance, and everyone mingles.
They feel happy and able to release stress only by sitting and enjoying the view of Poso Lake.
The lighting in this bamboo house is sufficient. The skylight on the library is enough to lighten the place during the day, thus lamp is only turned on at nights. The fact that the sun streams through the bamboo during the day makes visitors feel as if they are in the midst of a bamboo forest, and the sun brings out the color of the bamboo which brightens the room. Visitors can touch the bamboo and feel its smooth and cold sensation. Participants who work here choose to sit on the bam- boo chairs instead of on the sofa because the cold sensation from the bamboo does not penetrate to their bone, unlike when they sit down on the floor made out of tiles or ceramic. According to Malnar, this is called a "phenomenal reality" which is, therefore, the result of sensory-emotional experience, suggesting an ongoing dialogue between human beings and the entities that surround us. (Malnar 2004:
24). Many first-time visitors are amazed and wonder how to build a place this big just by using bamboo. Children coming to this building are very happy and reluc- tant to go home. The stairs and the second floor of this building are completely made out of bamboo which creates squeaky sound and makes first-time visitors terrified to step on it. Though, the freight does not last long as they step on it and senses that it is strong enough. Haptic system informed us about lighting, foot- prints, and grip surfaces as explained by Joy M. Malnar when she cited Freledensrelch Hundertwasser who stated that "people also have a sense of touch in their hands and feet" (Malnar, 2004: 148). Therefore, it can be explained that when kinesthesia is coupled with active touch, the information is increased, allowing us to become aware of the surface qualities of the path we are on (Malnar 2004: 146).
The front part of Dodoha that faces Poso Lake is used as the restaurant, but on some occasions such as the school for women and children, this place is turned into a function room. Women coming to this school are housewives from villages, and they are empowered by Institut Mosintuwu to be able to read, write craft, and to broad their knowledge about their rights as a woman, a wife, a mother, and as a part of global society. Dodoha Mosintuwu has become a part of their lives. They are euphoric to come to this place where they can relieve the stress they felt at home. This place is also meaningful for children. The library in the central part of this house, which is called Sofia Library, is filled with hundreds of children's books.
Another activity held in Dodoha Mosintuwu is Festival Dongeng Anak Poso which took place in November 2015. This event was brought by Institut Mosintuwu and Ayo Dongeng Indonesia community. This festival involved two storytellers from Jakarta, three journalists, and one sponsor. This event took place in the restaurant area where the parents sat on the sides, and the children sat on the floor in half
circle. They were very happy to be invited as it is held in the bamboo house near the Poso Lake, and they can see the performance of the storytellers.
In short, Dodoha Mosintuwu building a proper foundation in creating the tourist destination that is environmentally friendly and able to empower its potential to sensitize the population about the importance of education and environment friendliness. They also continually campaigned for peace while trying to change the image of the town of Poso that known closely with violence.
Figure 4.1 Dodoha Mosintuwu Source: Sofian, 2015
At first, the storytellers told the stories using the microphone, but then they realized that without the microphone, their voices could still be heard clearly.
Although they are in an open space, the story tellers admitted that they do not have to speak louder without the microphone and the mild atmosphere in the bamboo house made them happy and comfortable. This is in line with Malnar's theory, cited from Steven Holl, that while a film might give us some sense of ca- thedral, ‘only the actual building allows the eye to roam freely among inventive details; only the architecture itself offers the tactile sensations of textured stone surface and polished wooden pews, the experience of light changing with move- ment, the smell and resonant sounds of space, the bodily relations of scale and proportion. All these sensations combine within one complex experience, which becomes articulate and specific, though wordless. The building speaks through the silence of perceptual phenomena. (Malnar 2004: 25). This bamboo house has be- come an attraction to the locals and visitors. First-time visitors coming to this place will recommend this place for their friends to visit. Visiting this building has be- come a meaningful and impressive memory, and it creates a back-to-nature expe- rience to them.
Epilogue
A building can give different experience and meaning for every individual depending on their cultural background and experience. Bamboo architecture has
proven capable of making favorite destination by visitors. As the tourist destina- tion, the Fivelements which were in Bali and Dodoha Mosintuwu located in Poso offer a different package than other tourist destinations. This building has inspired visitors to be more aware of the environmentally friendly behavior. With local knowledge in tourist destination has been able to drive economy movement with- out compromising the cultural aspects of the ecological community. Bamboo houses in two different locations create different meanings depending on the pur- pose, concept, and the activities inside the bamboo houses. The bamboo material creates a back-to-nature sensation to the users, with all concerns on treatment and experience which also create different meanings for every individual. The bamboo house can be a choice for a house in the future. The material is easily accessible and formed which it makes a creative and eco-friendly choice. Air con- ditioning is not needed as natural air circulation in this building is sufficient. The durability of this building should be the main concern. Rejuvenation is needed pe- riodically to make this place stand still. The benefits of using bamboo such as im- proving health, lifestyle, and its environmental friendliness put aside the stereo- type of bamboo as grungy, dirty, and not durable. This proves that the architect succeeded making bamboo more appreciated by the users and become such fas- cinating and meaningful tourist destinations.
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