Appendix e-1. Search terms, PubMed, Embase, Medline database search strategy Search Terms
Accuracy Accurate Agree*
Diagnos*
Diagnostic accuracy Diagnostic error Interrater Inter?rater Interobserver Inter?observer Misdiagnos*
Reliab*
TIA Transient ischemic attack*
Transient Isch?emic attack*
Variab*
PubMed
Number Search Results
1 Search ((transient ischaemic attack) OR transient ischemic attack) OR TIA 20401 2 Search (((((transient ischaemic attack) OR transient ischemic attack) OR
TIA)) AND Diagnos*) OR misdiagnos* 42956
3 Search (((((((accurac*) OR agree*) OR reliab*) OR interrater*) OR inter-
rater*) OR interobserver*) OR inter-observer*) OR variab* 2047517 4 Search (((((transient ischaemic attack) OR transient ischemic attack) OR
TIA)) AND ((((((transient ischaemic attack) OR transient ischemic attack) OR TIA)) AND Diagnos*) OR misdiagnos*)) AND ((((((((accurac*) OR agree*) OR reliab*) OR interrater*) OR inter-rater*) OR interobserver*) OR inter-observer*) OR variab*)
1204
5 Search (((((((transient ischaemic attack) OR transient ischemic attack) OR TIA)) AND ((((((transient ischaemic attack) OR transient ischemic attack) OR TIA)) AND Diagnos*) OR misdiagnos*)) AND ((((((((accurac*) OR agree*) OR reliab*) OR interrater*) OR inter-rater*) OR interobserver*) OR inter-observer*) OR variab*))) AND English[Language]
1113
6 Search (((((((((transient ischaemic attack) OR transient ischemic attack) OR TIA)) AND ((((((transient ischaemic attack) OR transient ischemic attack) OR TIA)) AND Diagnos*) OR misdiagnos*)) AND
((((((((accurac*) OR agree*) OR reliab*) OR interrater*) OR inter-rater*) OR interobserver*) OR inter-observer*) OR variab*))) AND
English[Language])) AND ("1984"[Date - Publication] : "3000"[Date - Publication])
1079
Embase
Number Search Results
1 transient ischemic attack/ 36429
2 "transient isch?emic attack*".mp. [mp=title, abstract, heading word, drug trade name, original title, device manufacturer, drug manufacturer, device trade name, keyword, floating subheading word, candidate term word]
40343
3 TIA.mp. [mp=title, abstract, heading word, drug trade name, original title, device manufacturer, drug manufacturer, device trade name, keyword, floating subheading word, candidate term word]
18111
4 1 or 2 or 3 48860
5 diagnosis/ or diagnostic accuracy/ or diagnostic
error/ 1596460
6 diagnos*.mp. [mp=title, abstract, heading word, drug trade name, original title, device manufacturer, drug manufacturer, device trade name, keyword, floating subheading word, candidate term word]
6125989
7 5 or 6 6125989
8 inter?observer*.mp. [mp=title, abstract, heading word, drug trade name, original title, device manufacturer, drug manufacturer, device trade name, keyword, floating subheading word, candidate term word]
22580
9 inter?rater*.mp. [mp=title, abstract, heading word, drug trade name, original title, device manufacturer, drug manufacturer, device trade name, keyword, floating subheading word, candidate term word]
20241
10 agree*.mp. [mp=title, abstract, heading word, drug trade name, original title, device manufacturer, drug manufacturer, device trade name, keyword, floating subheading word, candidate term word]
443449
11 misdiagnos*.mp. [mp=title, abstract, heading word, drug trade name, original title, device manufacturer, drug manufacturer, device trade name, keyword, floating subheading word, candidate term word]
45660
12 reliab*.mp. [mp=title, abstract, heading word, drug trade name, original title, device manufacturer, drug manufacturer, device trade name, keyword, floating subheading word, candidate term word]
620155
13 8 or 9 or 10 or 11 or 12 1069020
14 4 and 7 and 13 909
15 limit 14 to (human and english language and
yr="1984 -Current") 676
Medline
Number Search Results
1 transient ischemic attack/ 20021
2 "transient isch?emic attack*".mp. [mp=title, abstract, original title, name of substance word, subject heading word, floating sub-heading word, keyword heading word, protocol supplementary concept word, rare disease supplementary concept word, unique identifier, synonyms]
13689
3 TIA.mp. [mp=title, abstract, original title, name of substance word, subject heading word, floating sub- heading word, keyword heading word, protocol supplementary concept word, rare disease supplementary concept word, unique identifier, synonyms]
8139
4 1 or 2 or 3 30920
5 diagnosis/ or diagnostic accuracy/ or diagnostic
error/ 53895
6 diagnos*.mp. [mp=title, abstract, original title, name of substance word, subject heading word, floating sub-heading word, keyword heading word, organism supplementary concept word, protocol supplementary concept word, rare disease supplementary concept word, unique identifier, synonyms]
4833907
7 5 or 6 4833907
8 inter?observer*.mp. [mp=title, abstract, original title, name of substance word, subject heading word, floating sub-heading word, keyword heading word, organism supplementary concept word, protocol supplementary concept word, rare disease supplementary concept word, unique identifier, synonyms]
17442
9 inter?rater*.mp. [mp=title, abstract, original title, name of substance word, subject heading word, floating sub-heading word, keyword heading word, organism supplementary concept word, protocol supplementary concept word, rare disease supplementary concept word, unique identifier, synonyms]
8338
10 agree*.mp. [mp=title, abstract, original title, name of substance word, subject heading word, floating sub-heading word, keyword heading word, organism supplementary concept word, protocol supplementary concept word, rare disease supplementary concept word, unique identifier, synonyms]
368036
11 misdiagnos*.mp. [mp=title, abstract, original title, name of substance word, subject heading word, floating sub-heading word, keyword heading word, organism supplementary concept word, protocol supplementary concept word, rare disease supplementary concept word, unique identifier, synonyms]
31690
12 reliab*.mp. [mp=title, abstract, original title, name of substance word, subject heading word, floating sub-heading word, keyword heading word, organism supplementary concept word, protocol
463638
supplementary concept word, rare disease supplementary concept word, unique identifier, synonyms]
13 8 or 9 or 10 or 11 or 12 834498
14 4 and 7 and 13 601
15 limit 14 to (human and english language and
yr="1984 -Current") 436
Appendix e-2. Vascular risk factors
Study, year Total number of patients
Number of
smokers Number of patients with hypertension
Number of patients with diabetes mellitus
Number of patients with atrial fibrillation
Benesch 1997 25 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Buchwald
2015 180 19 109 22 43
Chang 2016 13756 2586 9986 4126 2379
Ghia 2010 570 256 324 139 62
Hall 2016 773 N/A 362 180 121
Husseini 2011 100 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Karanjia 1997 381 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Koudstaal
1986 72 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Kraaijeveld
1994 56 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Krarup 2007 236 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Lasserson
2015 513 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Longstreth
2018 95 50 59 19 N/A
Oostema 2015 78 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Porter 2016 1575 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Sedova 2015a
+ b 99 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Sequeira 2016 285 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Van Rooij
2015 87 27 68 11 12
Wilson 2004a 142 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Wilson 2004b 99 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Wilson 2004c 136 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Yu 2017 163 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Total 19,421 2938/14688
(20.0%) 10908/15461
(70.6%) 4497/15461
(29.1%) 2617/15366
(17.0%)
Appendix e-3. Guidelines for Reporting Reliability and Agreement Studies
Quality assessment of studies: n indicates no, y indicates yes
Study, year Subject population described Rater population described (e.g. training and experience) Measure of inter-rater variability described Time interval between measurements described Rating process described (e.g. availability of clinical information, blinding) State whether measurements/ratings were conducted independently Explains how the sample size was chosen, stating the determined number of raters, subjects, and replicate observations Total quality score (/7)
Benesch 1997 n y n n n n n 1
Buchwald
2015 y y y n y y y 6
Chang 2016 y y y n n y y 5
Ghia 2010 y y y n y y y 6
Hall 2016 y y n n n n n 2
Husseini 2011 y y y n y y y 6
Karanjia 1997 y y y n n n n 3
Koudstaal
1986 y y y y n y y 6
Kraaijeveld
1994 n n n y n n n 1
Krarup 2007 y y y n y y y 6
Lasserson
2015 y y y n n y y 5
Longstreth
2018 y y y n n n n 3
Oostema 2015 y n n y n y n 3
Porter 2016 y y y n y y y 6
Sedova 2015 y n y n n y y 4
Sequiera 2016 n n n n n n y 1
Van Rooij
2015 y y y y y y n 6
Wilson 2004 y y y n y y y 6
Yu 2017 y y y y n y y 6
