SESSION 2
NOUNS:
Countable & Uncountable Nouns Articles
Quantifiers
A noun:
a word that names a person, animal,
thing, and idea.
Kinds of Nouns
1.Proper Noun
2.Common Noun
3.Collective Noun
4.Abstract Noun
Proper Nouns
• special words that we use for people, animals, places, and things.
• the words begin with capital letters.
Proper Nouns
Taj Mahal
John Susan
Goggy
Proper Nouns
Bandung Borobudur
Indonesia Farmer Boy
Common nouns:
words used to name general items.
Common Nouns
students teacher cats
car apples park
Collective nouns:
names for groups of people, animals,
or things.
Collective Nouns
a crowd of people a school of fish
a library of books a family
Abstract nouns
:• words that name things that are not concrete.
• our five physical senses cannot detect an abstract noun.
we can’t see it, smell it, taste it, hear it, or touch it.
• descibes a quality, a concept, an idea, or an event.
freedom love
Abstract Nouns
Common Nouns
Common nouns classified into:
• Countable Nouns
• Uncountable Nouns
Countable Nouns
Countable nouns:
nouns that can be counted in number.
A countable noun has 2 forms:
1. Singular 2. Plural
Countable Nouns
books pens
bags
Singular & Plural Nouns
Singular nouns:
nouns refer to one person, one animal, one place, and one thing.
Plural nouns:
nouns refer to two or more people, animals, places, and things.
Singular & Plural Nouns
apple apples doors door
singular & Plural Nouns
Spelling Rules Singular → Plural
base noun + -s
computer → computers telephone → telephones key → keys
nouns ending with s, sh, ch, x, add -es
bus → buses brush → brushes branch → branches box → boxes
noun ending with y + a consonant, remove the y, add -ies
dictionary → dictionaries story → stories
change noun in different ways
person → people woman → women man → men
child → children foot → feet
Uncountable Nouns
Uncountable nouns:
nouns that cannot be counted. It has only singular form.
Uncountable Nouns
money coffee
water rice
ARTICLES
(a/an, the)
Article: a/an
we use a/an:
• before singular count nouns
• When talking about nouns that are not specific and are b eing mentioned for the first time.
example: I bought a CD player and a TV yesterday.
A penguin is a small black and white bird .
• For talking about jobs
example: I am a teacher.
My father is a bank manager.
Article: a/an
•We use an before words which begin with vowels (a, i, u, e, o)
an apple an interesting film
•We also use an before words that begin with a silent ‘h’
an hour an honest person
Article: a/an
•We use a before words which begin with consonants (b, c, d, f, …)
a doctor a big car a girl
•We also use a before ‘u’ and ‘eu’ when it sounds like the word ‘you’
a university a European city
Article: the
We use the:
• When identifying a specific person, place, or thing. example: The blue umbrella is mine.
• When we talk about a person or thing again
example: I bought a TV yesterday. The TV is cheap eno ugh.
• When the speaker and the listener are talking about the same specific item
example: John don’t forget to close the refrigerator.
Quantifiers
a lot of /many / much
We use a lot of :
• plural countable
• uncountable nouns
• in positive statements
example: She has a lot of books.
There is a lot of milk in the fridge.
Quantifiers
a lot of / many / much
We use many:
• plural countable nouns
• in negations & questions
example: I don't have many friends here.
Are there many people in that room?
In questions, how many + countable noun is used to ask about the numbers of things.
example: A: How many students are there in the class?
B: twenty students
Quantifiers
a lot of / many / much
We use much:
• uncountable nouns
• in negations and questions
example: There isn't much water in the bucket.
Do you have much money?
In questions, how much + uncountable noun is used to ask about the amount of something.
example: A: How much sugar do you need?
B: A kilo.
Practice: many or much?
1. _____ money 11. _____ paper
2. _____ time 12. _____ newspapers 3. _____ people 13. _____ flowers
4. _____ children 14. _____ light
5. _____ information 15. _____ ink 6. _____ books 16. _____ hotels
7. _____ water 17. _____ dust
8. _____ cars 18. _____ houses 9. _____ sugar 19. _____ cats
10._____ meat 20. _____ coffee
Quantifiers
a few / a little / some
We use a few with plural countable nouns. A few means not many but enough.
example: There are a few chairs in the room.
We use a little with uncountable nouns. A little means not much but enough.
example: I have a little money.
Quantifiers
a few / a little / some
Some means unspecified quantity or amount.
We use some:
• plural countable nouns
• uncountable nouns
example: Susan owns some horses.
There is some rice on the table.
In negations, some becomes any.
example: There isn't any rice on the table.
Practice: a few or a little
1. _____ money 11. _____ paper
2. _____ time 12. _____ newspapers 3. _____ people 13. _____ flowers
4. _____ children 14. _____ light
5. _____ information 15. _____ ink 6. _____ books 16. _____ hotels
7. _____ water 17. _____ dust
8. _____ cars 18. _____ houses 9. _____ sugar 19. _____ cats
10._____ meat 20. _____ coffee
