SOCIAL EXCHANGE IN MATILDA ... - Open Journal Systems

Humanities across Histories and Trajectories in the Glocal Contexts Humanities across Histories and Trajectories in the Glocal Contexts

SOCIAL EXCHANGE IN MATILDA FILM BY

ROALD DAHL BASED ON PETER BLAU’S PERSPECTIVE

Nur Hasaniyah Umar, Nur Widad Mazaya

‹˜‡”•‹–ƒ••Žƒ‡‰‡”‹ƒ—ŽƒƒƒŽ‹„”ƒŠ‹ƒŽƒ‰

ƒ‹ŽǣŠƒ•ƒ‹›ƒŠ̷„•ƒǤ—‹ǦƒŽƒ‰Ǥƒ…Ǥ‹†

Abstract: ‡‘’Ž‡ –‡† –‘ ‰ƒ–Š‡” ™‹–Š ’‡‘’Ž‡ ™Š‘ Šƒ˜‡ –Š‡ •ƒ‡ ‘”‹‡–ƒ–‹‘

ƒ† …ƒ Š‡Ž’ –‘ ˆ—Žˆ‹ŽŽ –Š‡ ‡‡†• ƒ† †‡•‹”‡• ‘ˆ ‡ƒ…ŠǤ Š‹• †‹ˆˆ‡”‡…‡ …ƒ—•‡•

˜ƒ”‹ƒ–‹‘•‹„‡Šƒ˜‹‘”ƒ‘‰’‡‘’Ž‡Ǥ•‘…‹ƒŽŽ‹ˆ‡ǡ˜ƒ”‹ƒ–‹‘•‹–Š‡„‡Šƒ˜‹‘”‘ˆ

‡ƒ…Š‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽƒ”‡‘ˆ–‡ˆ‘—†ǡƒŽ–Š‘—‰Š•‘‡–‹‡• –Š‡›Šƒ˜‡•‹‹Žƒ”‹–‹‡•‹

‘’‹‹‘Ǥ‹ˆˆ‡”‡…‡•‹’‡‘’Ž‡̵•„‡Šƒ˜‹‘”ƒ”‡ƒŽ•‘‹ˆŽ—‡…‡†„›•‡˜‡”ƒŽˆƒ…–‘”•

•—…Š ƒ• •’‡…‹ˆ‹… ‰‘ƒŽ•ǡ ‡…‘‘‹… „ƒ…‰”‘—†ǡ •‘…‹ƒŽ •–”ƒ–ƒǡ ‡–…Ǥ Š‡•‡

†‹ˆˆ‡”‡…‡•‹„‡Šƒ˜‹‘”—†‡”Ž‹‡–Š‡„‹”–Š‘ˆ•‘…‹ƒŽ‡š…Šƒ‰‡–Š‡‘”›„ƒ•‡†‘

‡–‡”ǤŽƒ—’s perspectiveǤŠ‹•”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‹•‹…Ž—†‡†ƒ•†‡•…”‹’–‹˜‡Ǧ“—ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‹˜‡

”‡•‡ƒ”…ŠǤŠ‡†ƒ–ƒ•‘—”…‡•–Šƒ––Š‡”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡”•—•‡†‹–Š‹••–—†›ƒ”‡’”‹ƒ”›

†ƒ–ƒ •‘—”…‡• ‹ –Š‡ ˆ‘” ‘ˆ ƒ–‹Ž†ƒ ˆ‹Ž „› ‘ƒŽ† ƒŠŽƒ† •‡…‘†ƒ”› †ƒ–ƒ

•‘—”…‡• ‹ –Š‡ ˆ‘” ‘ˆ •‡˜‡”ƒŽ Ž‹–‡”ƒ–—”‡ ”‡Žƒ–‡† –‘ –Š‡ –Š‡‘”› ‘ˆ Ž‹–‡”ƒ”›

•‘…‹‘Ž‘‰›ǡ •‘…‹ƒŽ ‡š…Šƒ‰‡ǡ ƒ† •‘…‹ƒŽ ‹–‡”ƒ…–‹‘Ǥ Š‡ ”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡”• …‘ŽŽ‡…–‡†

†ƒ–ƒ–Š”‘—‰ŠŽ‹•–‡‹‰ǡ™ƒ–…Š‹‰ǡƒ†‘–‡Ǧ–ƒ‹‰–‡…Š‹“—‡•ǤŠ‡”‡•—Ž–•‘ˆ–Š‹•

•–—†›‹†‹…ƒ–‡–Šƒ––Š‡”‡ƒ”‡•‡˜‡”ƒŽˆ‘”•‘ˆ•‘…‹ƒŽ‡š…Šƒ‰‡‹–Š‡ˆ‹Ž…ƒ—•‡†

„› †‹ˆˆ‡”‡– ˆƒ…–‘”•ǡ ƒ‡Ž› ƒ–‹Ž†ƒ̵• Ž‘‡Ž‹‡••ǡ —–—ƒŽ Ž‘˜‡ǡ ƒ‰‡”ǡ ƒ†

•‡˜‡”ƒŽ ‘–Š‡” …‘–‡š–•Ǥ Š‡ •‘…‹ƒŽ ‡š…Šƒ‰‡ †‡‘•–”ƒ–‡• Š‘™ ’‡‘’Ž‡ ™Š‘

•Šƒ”‡–Š‡•ƒ‡‘”‹‡–ƒ–‹‘…ƒŠ‡Ž’ˆ—Žˆ‹ŽŽ‡ƒ…Š‘–Š‡”̵•‡‡†•ƒ†™ƒ–•Ǥ Keywords: Social exchange, social interaction, sociological literary

INTRODUCTION

–Š‡•‘…‹ƒŽ•›•–‡ǡŠ—ƒ•Šƒ˜‡†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–˜‹‡™•ǡ‹†‡‘Ž‘‰‹‡•ǡƒ††‡•‹”‡•Ǥ

Š‹•†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–™ƒ›‘ˆ–Š‹‹‰Ž‡ƒ†•–‘•‘…‹ƒŽ‹–‡”ƒ…–‹‘‹’”‘˜‹†‹‰™Šƒ–‡ƒ…Š

‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ™ƒ–•ȋƒŽ‹‹ǡʹͲͳʹǡ’ǤͺͳȌǤŠ”‘—‰Š•‘…‹ƒŽ‹–‡”ƒ…–‹‘•–Šƒ–‘……—”ǡ

’‡‘’Ž‡‘™™Š‘Šƒ•–Š‡•ƒ‡‰‘ƒŽ•–‘ƒ‡ƒ̶…‹”…Ž‡̶™‹–Š–Š‡ȋƒ‰Š”‹„‹ǡ

on Language, Literature and Mediaon Language, Literature and Media

Nur Hasaniyah, Nur Widad Mazaya

SOCIAL EXCHANGE IN MATILDA FILM BY

ROALD DAHL BASED ON PETER BLAU’S PERSPECTIVE

Nur Hasaniyah Umar, Nur Widad Mazaya

‹˜‡”•‹–ƒ••Žƒ‡‰‡”‹ƒ—ŽƒƒƒŽ‹„”ƒŠ‹ƒŽƒ‰

ƒ‹ŽǣŠƒ•ƒ‹›ƒŠ̷„•ƒǤ—‹ǦƒŽƒ‰Ǥƒ…Ǥ‹†

Abstract: ‡‘’Ž‡ –‡† –‘ ‰ƒ–Š‡” ™‹–Š ’‡‘’Ž‡ ™Š‘ Šƒ˜‡ –Š‡ •ƒ‡ ‘”‹‡–ƒ–‹‘

ƒ† …ƒ Š‡Ž’ –‘ ˆ—Žˆ‹ŽŽ –Š‡ ‡‡†• ƒ† †‡•‹”‡• ‘ˆ ‡ƒ…ŠǤ Š‹• †‹ˆˆ‡”‡…‡ …ƒ—•‡•

˜ƒ”‹ƒ–‹‘•‹„‡Šƒ˜‹‘”ƒ‘‰’‡‘’Ž‡Ǥ•‘…‹ƒŽŽ‹ˆ‡ǡ˜ƒ”‹ƒ–‹‘•‹–Š‡„‡Šƒ˜‹‘”‘ˆ

‡ƒ…Š‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽƒ”‡‘ˆ–‡ˆ‘—†ǡƒŽ–Š‘—‰Š•‘‡–‹‡•–Š‡›Šƒ˜‡•‹‹Žƒ”‹–‹‡•‹

‘’‹‹‘Ǥ‹ˆˆ‡”‡…‡•‹’‡‘’Ž‡̵•„‡Šƒ˜‹‘”ƒ”‡ƒŽ•‘‹ˆŽ—‡…‡†„›•‡˜‡”ƒŽˆƒ…–‘”•

•—…Š ƒ• •’‡…‹ˆ‹… ‰‘ƒŽ•ǡ ‡…‘‘‹… „ƒ…‰”‘—†ǡ •‘…‹ƒŽ •–”ƒ–ƒǡ ‡–…Ǥ Š‡•‡

†‹ˆˆ‡”‡…‡•‹„‡Šƒ˜‹‘”—†‡”Ž‹‡–Š‡„‹”–Š‘ˆ•‘…‹ƒŽ‡š…Šƒ‰‡–Š‡‘”›„ƒ•‡†‘

‡–‡”ǤŽƒ—’s perspectiveǤŠ‹•”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‹•‹…Ž—†‡†ƒ•†‡•…”‹’–‹˜‡Ǧ“—ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‹˜‡

”‡•‡ƒ”…ŠǤŠ‡†ƒ–ƒ•‘—”…‡•–Šƒ––Š‡”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡”•—•‡†‹–Š‹••–—†›ƒ”‡’”‹ƒ”›

†ƒ–ƒ •‘—”…‡• ‹ –Š‡ ˆ‘” ‘ˆ ƒ–‹Ž†ƒ ˆ‹Ž „› ‘ƒŽ† ƒŠŽƒ† •‡…‘†ƒ”› †ƒ–ƒ

•‘—”…‡• ‹ –Š‡ ˆ‘” ‘ˆ •‡˜‡”ƒŽ Ž‹–‡”ƒ–—”‡ ”‡Žƒ–‡† –‘ –Š‡ –Š‡‘”› ‘ˆ Ž‹–‡”ƒ”›

•‘…‹‘Ž‘‰›ǡ •‘…‹ƒŽ ‡š…Šƒ‰‡ǡ ƒ† •‘…‹ƒŽ ‹–‡”ƒ…–‹‘Ǥ Š‡ ”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡”• …‘ŽŽ‡…–‡†

†ƒ–ƒ–Š”‘—‰ŠŽ‹•–‡‹‰ǡ™ƒ–…Š‹‰ǡƒ†‘–‡Ǧ–ƒ‹‰–‡…Š‹“—‡•ǤŠ‡”‡•—Ž–•‘ˆ–Š‹•

•–—†›‹†‹…ƒ–‡–Šƒ––Š‡”‡ƒ”‡•‡˜‡”ƒŽˆ‘”•‘ˆ•‘…‹ƒŽ‡š…Šƒ‰‡‹–Š‡ˆ‹Ž…ƒ—•‡†

„› †‹ˆˆ‡”‡– ˆƒ…–‘”•ǡ ƒ‡Ž› ƒ–‹Ž†ƒ̵• Ž‘‡Ž‹‡••ǡ —–—ƒŽ Ž‘˜‡ǡ ƒ‰‡”ǡ ƒ†

•‡˜‡”ƒŽ ‘–Š‡” …‘–‡š–•Ǥ Š‡ •‘…‹ƒŽ ‡š…Šƒ‰‡ †‡‘•–”ƒ–‡• Š‘™ ’‡‘’Ž‡ ™Š‘

•Šƒ”‡–Š‡•ƒ‡‘”‹‡–ƒ–‹‘…ƒŠ‡Ž’ˆ—Žˆ‹ŽŽ‡ƒ…Š‘–Š‡”̵•‡‡†•ƒ†™ƒ–•Ǥ Keywords: Social exchange, social interaction, sociological literary

INTRODUCTION

–Š‡•‘…‹ƒŽ•›•–‡ǡŠ—ƒ•Šƒ˜‡†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–˜‹‡™•ǡ‹†‡‘Ž‘‰‹‡•ǡƒ††‡•‹”‡•Ǥ

Š‹•†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–™ƒ›‘ˆ–Š‹‹‰Ž‡ƒ†•–‘•‘…‹ƒŽ‹–‡”ƒ…–‹‘‹’”‘˜‹†‹‰™Šƒ–‡ƒ…Š

‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ™ƒ–•ȋƒŽ‹‹ǡʹͲͳʹǡ’ǤͺͳȌǤŠ”‘—‰Š•‘…‹ƒŽ‹–‡”ƒ…–‹‘•–Šƒ–‘……—”ǡ

’‡‘’Ž‡‘™™Š‘Šƒ•–Š‡•ƒ‡‰‘ƒŽ•–‘ƒ‡ƒ̶…‹”…Ž‡̶™‹–Š–Š‡ȋƒ‰Š”‹„‹ǡ

Nur Hasaniyah, Nur Widad Mazaya

ͳͻͺͺǡ ’Ǥ ͸͹ȌǤ Š‹• ’Š‡‘‡‘ ƒ”‹•‡• „‡…ƒ—•‡ ’‡‘’Ž‡ –‡† –‘ „—‹Ž†

”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’•™‹–Š’‡‘’Ž‡‘–Š‡•ƒ‡•‹†‡ƒ†…ƒ’”‘˜‹†‡„‡‡ˆ‹–•ȋ‡”•‘ǡ ͳͻ͹͸ǡ’Ǥ͵ͶͷȌǤ

ƒ††‹–‹‘–‘–Š‡…‘—‹–›̵•‹•–‹…––‘‡‡–‘–Š‡”’ƒ”–‹‡•™Š‘Šƒ˜‡

–Š‡•ƒ‡‰‘ƒŽƒ†…ƒ’”‘˜‹†‡„‡‡ˆ‹–•ǡ–Š‡‘„•–ƒ…Ž‡•‘”’”‘„Ž‡•ˆƒ…‡†„›‡ƒ…Š

‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽƒ”‡–Š‡ƒ‹ˆƒ…–‘”•ˆ‘”–Š‡‡‡”‰‡…‡‘ˆ–Š‡’Š‡‘‡‘‘ˆ•‘…‹ƒŽ

‡š…Šƒ‰‡‹’‡‘’Ž‡̵•Ž‹˜‡•ȋ—†ƒŠǡͳͻͲͲǡ’ǤͷʹȌǤ˜‡”›‘‡Šƒ•†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–‘–‹˜‡•

ƒ†‰‘ƒŽ•‹•‘…‹ƒŽŽ‹ˆ‡Ǥ—–ƒ––Š‡•ƒ‡–‹‡ǡ‡˜‡”›‘‡‘™•–Šƒ–‡˜‡”›–Š‹‰Š‡

™ƒ–• …ƒ ‘Ž› „‡ ƒ…Š‹‡˜‡† ™‹–Š –Š‡ Š‡Ž’ ‘ˆ ‘–Š‡”• ȋ”‘’ƒœƒ‘ Ƭ ‹–…Š‡ŽŽǡ ʹͲͲͷǡ ’Ǥ ͺ͹͸ȌǤ ”‘ –Š‹• •–ƒ–‡‡–ǡ Š—ƒ• ˆ‹ƒŽŽ› †‡…‹†‡ –‘ …ƒ””› ‘—–

̶–”ƒ•ƒ…–‹‘•̶‘ˆ„‡Šƒ˜‹‘”ƒ†ƒ…–‹‘•ƒ‘‰‡ƒ…Š‘–Š‡”Ǥ

‘…‹ƒŽ‡š…Šƒ‰‡‹•ƒˆ‘”‘ˆ•‘…‹ƒŽ‹–‡”ƒ…–‹‘†‡ˆ‹‡†ƒ•–Š‡„‡Šƒ˜‹‘”‘ˆ

‰‹˜‹‰ ‘‡ –Š‹‰ ‹ ‡š…Šƒ‰‡ ˆ‘” ƒ‘–Š‡”Ǥ Š”‘—‰Š •‘…‹ƒŽ ‹–‡”ƒ…–‹‘ǡ

–”ƒ•ƒ…–‹‘• ™‹ŽŽ „‡ ”‡ƒŽ‹œ‡† ƒ‘‰ –Š‡ ’‡‘’Ž‡Ǥ Š‹• –”ƒ•ƒ…–‹‘ ƒ”‹•‡• ™Š‡

„‘–Š’ƒ”–‹‡•ƒŽŽ‘™‡ƒ…Š‘–Š‡”–‘ˆ—Žˆ‹ŽŽ–Š‡‹”†‡•‹”‡•ǡ„‘–Š‘”ƒŽŽ›ƒ†ƒ–‡”‹ƒŽŽ›

ȋ—›ƒ–‘ Ƭ ƒŽǡ ʹͲͳͲǡ ’Ǥ ͸ʹǦ͸͵ȌǤ Š‡ ’Š‡‘‡‘ ‘ˆ •‘…‹ƒŽ ‡š…Šƒ‰‡ –Šƒ–

‘……—”•‹’‡‘’Ž‡̵•Ž‹˜‡•‹•ƒ•‹–—ƒ–‹‘™Š‡”‡–™‘’ƒ”–‹‡•…ƒ””›‘—–ƒ”‡…‹’”‘…ƒŽ

’”‘…‡•• „‡–™‡‡ ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ• ƒ† ‰”‘—’•ǡ ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ• ƒ† ‰”‘—’•Ǥ Š‹•

”‡…‹’”‘…ƒŽ’”‘…‡••–ƒ‡•’Žƒ…‡„ƒ•‡†‘–Š‡‡‡†•‘ˆ‡ƒ…Š’ƒ”–›ȋŽƒ—ǡͳͻ͸Ͷǡ’Ǥ ͳͻͷȌǤ ‡‘’Ž‡ ™‹ŽŽ ‘™ ™Š‘ …ƒ ’”‘˜‹†‡ ™Šƒ– –Š‡› ‡‡†ǡ –Š‡ „—‹Ž† ‰‘‘†

”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’•–Š”‘—‰Š•‘…‹ƒŽ‹–‡”ƒ…–‹‘Ǥ‡‘’Ž‡™Š‘ˆ‹†•‘‡–Š‹‰–Š‡›™ƒ–

ˆ”‘•‘‡‘‡‡Ž•‡‘”’ƒ›ˆ‘”–Š‡ƒŽ•‘–Š‹‘ˆƒ”‡™ƒ”†‹ˆ‹–‹•ƒ…Š‹‡˜‡†Ǥ

ƒ…Š‹‡˜‹‰ƒ”‡…‹’”‘…ƒŽ’”‘…‡••ǡ–Š‡‡Ž‡‡–‘ˆ’‘™‡”„‡Š‹†‡ƒ…Š’ƒ”–›

…ƒƒˆˆ‡…––Š‡‹„ƒŽƒ…‡„‡–™‡‡–Š‡–Š‹‰•‡š…Šƒ‰‡†Ǥ–Šƒ’’‡•„‡…ƒ—•‡–Š‡

•‘…‹ƒŽ •–”—…–—”‡ ƒ”‘—† –Š‡ …‘—‹–› ‹• ‘‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ …”—…‹ƒŽ –Š‹‰• ‹ •‘…‹ƒŽ

‡š…Šƒ‰‡Ǥ Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ –Š‡ ƒ–—”‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ ’Š‡‘‡‘ ‘ˆ •‘…‹ƒŽ ‡š…Šƒ‰‡ ‹•

‹‡“—ƒŽ‹–› ȋ—Šƒƒ†ǡ ʹͲͳͷǡ ’Ǥ ͳͲ͹ȌǤ Š‡ ‡ƒ‹‰ ‘ˆ ‹„ƒŽƒ…‡ ‹• –Š‡

’‘••‹„‹Ž‹–›–Šƒ–‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡’ƒ”–‹‡•™‹ŽŽ‘–”‡…‡‹˜‡ƒ”‡•’‘•‡‡“—‹˜ƒŽ‡––‘™Šƒ–

Šƒ•„‡‡‰‹˜‡Ǥ„ƒŽƒ…‡…ƒƒŽ•‘‡ƒ–Šƒ–ƒŽ–Š‘—‰Š–Š‡”‡•’‘•‡•”‡…‡‹˜‡†

„›‡ƒ…Š’ƒ”–›ƒ”‡–Š‡•ƒ‡ǡ–Š‡Ž‡˜‡Ž‘ˆ•ƒ–‹•ˆƒ…–‹‘˜ƒ”‹‡•„‡–™‡‡–Š‡Ǥ

Ž–Š‘—‰Š•‘…‹ƒŽ‡š…Šƒ‰‡‹•‘‡ˆƒ…–‘”–Šƒ–‹ˆŽ—‡…‡••‘…‹ƒŽƒ…–‹‘ǡ‘–ƒŽŽ

•‘…‹ƒŽƒ…–‹‘•”‡•—Ž–ˆ”‘•‘…‹ƒŽ‡š…Šƒ‰‡Ǥ–‹•‹ƒ……‘”†ƒ…‡™‹–Š™Šƒ–‡–‡”

Žƒ—•ƒ‹†‹Š‹•„‘‘Ǥ‡–‡”ƒŽ•‘‡š’Žƒ‹‡†–Šƒ–•‘…‹ƒŽ‡š…Šƒ‰‡‘……—”•„‡…ƒ—•‡

‘ˆ–Š‡†‡•‹”‡ˆ‘”•‘…‹ƒŽ”‡™ƒ”†•–Šƒ–Ž‡ƒ†–‘–Š‡‹–‡”‡•–•‘ˆ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ•‹•ƒŽŽ

‰”‘—’•Ǥ ……‘”†‹‰ –‘ Žƒ—ǡ –Š‡ ”‡™ƒ”†• Š‡ ”‡…‡‹˜‡• …ƒ „‡ ‹ –Š‡ ˆ‘” ‘ˆ

‡•‘–‡”‹… ȋ‡‘–‹‘•ǡ Š‘‘”ǡ ‡–…ǤȌ ‘”‡š–‡”ƒŽ ȋ‘‡› ‘” ˆƒ˜‘”•Ȍ ȋŽƒ—ǡͳͻ͸Ͷǡ ’Ǥ ͳͻͷȌǤŽƒ—ƒŽ•‘•ƒ‹†–Šƒ––Š‡’”‘…‡••‘ˆ•‘…‹ƒŽ‡š…Šƒ‰‡‹•Ž‹‹–‡†–‘ƒ…–‹‘•–Šƒ–

Humanities across Histories and Trajectories in the Glocal Contexts Humanities across Histories and Trajectories in the Glocal Contexts

’”‘†—…‡ ”‡™ƒ”†•Ǥ – –Š‡ ”‡•—Ž–‡† ‹ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡…‡• ‹ •‘…‹ƒŽ ’‘™‡” „‡–™‡‡

…‘—‹–‹‡•ȋ’‡ǡʹͲͳͲǡ’Ǥͳͺ͵ȌǤ

LITERATURE REVIEW

Film

……‘”†‹‰ –‘ –Š‡ ǡ ˆ‹Ž ‹• ƒ Ž‹˜‹‰ ’‹…–—”‡ •–‘”›Ǥ ‹Ž ‹ ‰Ž‹•Š ‹•

…ƒŽŽ‡† ‘–‹‘ ’‹…–—”‡ ȋŽ‹˜‡ ’‹…–—”‡ȌǤ ‹Ž ƒ• ƒ ‡š…‡ŽŽ‡– Š‹•–‘”‹…ƒŽ ”‡…‘”†‡”Ǥ ‹Ž•…ƒƒŽ•‘Šƒ˜‡ˆ—…–‹‘•‹–‡”•‘ˆ‡†—…ƒ–‹˜‡ƒ†‹•–”—…–‹˜‡ǡˆ”‘–Š‡

Ž‘™‡”Ž‡˜‡Ž–‘–Š‡•…‹‡–‹ˆ‹…Ž‡˜‡ŽǤŠ‡›™‡”‡ƒ••‡••‡†„ƒ•‡†‘’”‡Ǧ†‡–‡”‹‡†

”‡•—Ž–• ‘” ‰‘ƒŽ•Ǥ ‹Ž ™‘”• ”‡•—Ž– ˆ”‘ …‘ŽŽƒ„‘”ƒ–‹‘ ‘” …‘ŽŽ‡…–‹˜‡ ™‘” ‘ˆ

˜ƒ”‹‘—• ƒ”–‹•–• ƒ† –‡…Š‹…ƒŽ ‡’Ž‘›‡‡•ǡ „”ƒ…Š‡• ‘ˆ ƒ”– •—…Š ƒ• ’ƒ‹–‹‰ǡ

•…—Ž’–—”‡ǡŽ‹–‡”ƒ–—”‡ǡƒ†—•‹…ȋ‹„‘‰Ƭ‹ƒ”ƒ–ƒǡʹͲʹͲǡ’ǤʹͶͳȌǤŠ‡ˆ‹Ž

‹• ƒ ‰‡”‡ ‘ˆ ƒ”– „ƒ•‡† ‘ ƒ—†‹‘Ǧ˜‹•—ƒŽ •–‘”›–‡ŽŽ‹‰ ‘” •–‘”‹‡• –‘Ž† –‘ –Š‡

ƒ—†‹‡…‡–Š”‘—‰Šƒ•‡”‹‡•‘ˆ‘˜‹‰‹ƒ‰‡•ȋ‘‡„ƒœƒ”›ǡʹͲͳ͵ǡ’ǤͳͲͶȌǤ

”‘–Š‡ƒ„‘˜‡—†‡”•–ƒ†‹‰ǡ‹–…ƒ„‡…‘…Ž—†‡†–Šƒ–ˆ‹Ž‹•‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡

…‘—‹…ƒ–‹‘‡†‹ƒ–Šƒ–…‘–ƒ‹•ƒ”–‹•–‹…ƒ†…—Ž–—”ƒŽ˜ƒŽ—‡•Ǥ›…‘„‹‹‰

•‘—†ƒ†‹ƒ‰‡‡Ž‡‡–•‹‹–ǡ–Š‡…‘—‹…ƒ–‹‘‹•‘”‡‡ˆˆ‡…–‹˜‡ǡƒ†–Š‡

‹–‡– –‘ „‡ …‘˜‡›‡† „› –Š‡ ‡••‡‰‡” …ƒ „‡ …ƒ’–—”‡† ƒ† ƒ’’”‘’”‹ƒ–‡Ž›

—†‡”•–‘‘† „› –Š‡ ƒ—†‹‡…‡ ‘” –Š‡ ”‡…‹’‹‡– ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‡••ƒ‰‡ ȋ‹„‘‰ Ƭ

‹ƒ”ƒ–ƒǡʹͲʹͲǡ’ǤʹͶͳȌǤ Social Exchange by Peter Blau

—ƒ• ƒ…– Ž‘‰‹…ƒŽŽ› ƒ† ”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽŽ›Ǥ ƒ…Š ’‡”•‘ •‡–• ‰‘ƒŽ• ƒ†

†‡–‡”‹‡•ˆ‘”Š‹•‡Žˆ–Š‡‘•–‡ˆˆ‹…‹‡–™ƒ›™‹–Š‹–Š‡ˆ”ƒ‡™‘”‘ˆ•‘…‹‡–›

ƒ†•‘…‹ƒŽŽ‹ˆ‡–‘ƒ…Š‹‡˜‡–Š‡•‡‰‘ƒŽ•ȋ—†ƒŠǡͳͻͲͲǡ’ǤͻͺȌǤ‘…‹ƒŽš…Šƒ‰‡‹•–Š‡

‡š…Šƒ‰‡ ‘ˆ ”‡™ƒ”†• ȋ‘” ’—‹•Š‡–•Ȍ „‡–™‡‡ ƒ– Ž‡ƒ•– –™‘ ’‡‘’Ž‡Ǣ –Š‡

‡š…Šƒ‰‡‹•†‹”‡…–”ƒ–Š‡”–Šƒ‹†‹”‡…–ǡƒ†‹–‹•–Š‡ƒ…–—ƒŽ„‡Šƒ˜‹‘””ƒ–Š‡”–Šƒ

–Š‡ ‘” –Šƒ– †‡–‡”‹‡• ™Šƒ– „‡Šƒ˜‹‘” •Š‘—Ž† „‡Ǥ̶ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ •‘‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡

‘•–‹–‡”‡•–‹‰‹’Ž‹…ƒ–‹‘•‘ˆŠ‹•’”‘’‘•‹–‹‘•‘Œ—•–‹…‡„‡…‘‡…Ž‡ƒ”‘Ž›‹ˆ

–Š‡ƒƒŽ›•‹•‹•‘–Ž‹‹–‡†–‘†‹”‡…–•‘…‹ƒŽ‡š…Šƒ‰‡•‹ˆƒ…‡Ǧ–‘Ǧˆƒ…‡…‘–ƒ…–„—–

‹• ‡š–‡†‡† –‘ ‹†‹”‡…– –”ƒ•ƒ…–‹‘• –Šƒ– ‘……—” ‹ …‘’Ž‡š •‘…‹ƒŽ •–”—…–—”‡•

ȋ—†ƒŠǡͳͻͲͲǡ’ǤͳͲͲȌǤ

™‘ ”‡“—‹”‡‡–• —•– „‡ ‡– ˆ‘” „‡Šƒ˜‹‘” –Šƒ– Ž‡ƒ†• –‘ •‘…‹ƒŽ

‡š…Šƒ‰‡Ǥ Š‡•‡ ”‡“—‹”‡‡–• ƒ”‡ǣ ‹”•–ǡ –Š‡ „‡Šƒ˜‹‘” —•– „‡ ‘”‹‡–‡†

–‘™ƒ”†•‰‘ƒŽ•–Šƒ–…ƒ‘Ž›„‡ƒ…Š‹‡˜‡†–Š”‘—‰Š‹–‡”ƒ…–‹‘™‹–Š‘–Š‡”’‡‘’Ž‡Ǥ

on Language, Literature and Mediaon Language, Literature and Media

Nur Hasaniyah, Nur Widad Mazaya

’”‘†—…‡ ”‡™ƒ”†•Ǥ – –Š‡ ”‡•—Ž–‡† ‹ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡…‡• ‹ •‘…‹ƒŽ ’‘™‡” „‡–™‡‡

…‘—‹–‹‡•ȋ’‡ǡʹͲͳͲǡ’Ǥͳͺ͵ȌǤ

LITERATURE REVIEW

Film

……‘”†‹‰ –‘ –Š‡ ǡ ˆ‹Ž ‹• ƒ Ž‹˜‹‰ ’‹…–—”‡ •–‘”›Ǥ ‹Ž ‹ ‰Ž‹•Š ‹•

…ƒŽŽ‡† ‘–‹‘ ’‹…–—”‡ ȋŽ‹˜‡ ’‹…–—”‡ȌǤ ‹Ž ƒ• ƒ ‡š…‡ŽŽ‡– Š‹•–‘”‹…ƒŽ ”‡…‘”†‡”Ǥ ‹Ž•…ƒƒŽ•‘Šƒ˜‡ˆ—…–‹‘•‹–‡”•‘ˆ‡†—…ƒ–‹˜‡ƒ†‹•–”—…–‹˜‡ǡˆ”‘–Š‡

Ž‘™‡”Ž‡˜‡Ž–‘–Š‡•…‹‡–‹ˆ‹…Ž‡˜‡ŽǤŠ‡›™‡”‡ƒ••‡••‡†„ƒ•‡†‘’”‡Ǧ†‡–‡”‹‡†

”‡•—Ž–• ‘” ‰‘ƒŽ•Ǥ ‹Ž ™‘”• ”‡•—Ž– ˆ”‘ …‘ŽŽƒ„‘”ƒ–‹‘ ‘” …‘ŽŽ‡…–‹˜‡ ™‘” ‘ˆ

˜ƒ”‹‘—• ƒ”–‹•–• ƒ† –‡…Š‹…ƒŽ ‡’Ž‘›‡‡•ǡ „”ƒ…Š‡• ‘ˆ ƒ”– •—…Š ƒ• ’ƒ‹–‹‰ǡ

•…—Ž’–—”‡ǡŽ‹–‡”ƒ–—”‡ǡƒ†—•‹…ȋ‹„‘‰Ƭ‹ƒ”ƒ–ƒǡʹͲʹͲǡ’ǤʹͶͳȌǤŠ‡ˆ‹Ž

‹• ƒ ‰‡”‡ ‘ˆ ƒ”– „ƒ•‡† ‘ ƒ—†‹‘Ǧ˜‹•—ƒŽ •–‘”›–‡ŽŽ‹‰ ‘” •–‘”‹‡• –‘Ž† –‘ –Š‡

ƒ—†‹‡…‡–Š”‘—‰Šƒ•‡”‹‡•‘ˆ‘˜‹‰‹ƒ‰‡•ȋ‘‡„ƒœƒ”›ǡʹͲͳ͵ǡ’ǤͳͲͶȌǤ

”‘–Š‡ƒ„‘˜‡—†‡”•–ƒ†‹‰ǡ‹–…ƒ„‡…‘…Ž—†‡†–Šƒ–ˆ‹Ž‹•‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡

…‘—‹…ƒ–‹‘‡†‹ƒ–Šƒ–…‘–ƒ‹•ƒ”–‹•–‹…ƒ†…—Ž–—”ƒŽ˜ƒŽ—‡•Ǥ›…‘„‹‹‰

•‘—†ƒ†‹ƒ‰‡‡Ž‡‡–•‹‹–ǡ–Š‡…‘—‹…ƒ–‹‘‹•‘”‡‡ˆˆ‡…–‹˜‡ǡƒ†–Š‡

‹–‡– –‘ „‡ …‘˜‡›‡† „› –Š‡ ‡••‡‰‡” …ƒ „‡ …ƒ’–—”‡† ƒ† ƒ’’”‘’”‹ƒ–‡Ž›

—†‡”•–‘‘† „› –Š‡ ƒ—†‹‡…‡ ‘” –Š‡ ”‡…‹’‹‡– ‘ˆ –Š‡ ‡••ƒ‰‡ ȋ‹„‘‰ Ƭ

‹ƒ”ƒ–ƒǡʹͲʹͲǡ’ǤʹͶͳȌǤ Social Exchange by Peter Blau

—ƒ• ƒ…– Ž‘‰‹…ƒŽŽ› ƒ† ”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽŽ›Ǥ ƒ…Š ’‡”•‘ •‡–• ‰‘ƒŽ• ƒ†

†‡–‡”‹‡•ˆ‘”Š‹•‡Žˆ–Š‡‘•–‡ˆˆ‹…‹‡–™ƒ›™‹–Š‹–Š‡ˆ”ƒ‡™‘”‘ˆ•‘…‹‡–›

ƒ†•‘…‹ƒŽŽ‹ˆ‡–‘ƒ…Š‹‡˜‡–Š‡•‡‰‘ƒŽ•ȋ—†ƒŠǡͳͻͲͲǡ’ǤͻͺȌǤ‘…‹ƒŽš…Šƒ‰‡‹•–Š‡

‡š…Šƒ‰‡ ‘ˆ ”‡™ƒ”†• ȋ‘” ’—‹•Š‡–•Ȍ „‡–™‡‡ ƒ– Ž‡ƒ•– –™‘ ’‡‘’Ž‡Ǣ –Š‡

‡š…Šƒ‰‡‹•†‹”‡…–”ƒ–Š‡”–Šƒ‹†‹”‡…–ǡƒ†‹–‹•–Š‡ƒ…–—ƒŽ„‡Šƒ˜‹‘””ƒ–Š‡”–Šƒ

–Š‡ ‘” –Šƒ– †‡–‡”‹‡• ™Šƒ– „‡Šƒ˜‹‘” •Š‘—Ž† „‡Ǥ̶ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ •‘‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡

‘•–‹–‡”‡•–‹‰‹’Ž‹…ƒ–‹‘•‘ˆŠ‹•’”‘’‘•‹–‹‘•‘Œ—•–‹…‡„‡…‘‡…Ž‡ƒ”‘Ž›‹ˆ

–Š‡ƒƒŽ›•‹•‹•‘–Ž‹‹–‡†–‘†‹”‡…–•‘…‹ƒŽ‡š…Šƒ‰‡•‹ˆƒ…‡Ǧ–‘Ǧˆƒ…‡…‘–ƒ…–„—–

‹• ‡š–‡†‡† –‘ ‹†‹”‡…– –”ƒ•ƒ…–‹‘• –Šƒ– ‘……—” ‹ …‘’Ž‡š •‘…‹ƒŽ •–”—…–—”‡•

ȋ—†ƒŠǡͳͻͲͲǡ’ǤͳͲͲȌǤ

™‘ ”‡“—‹”‡‡–• —•– „‡ ‡– ˆ‘” „‡Šƒ˜‹‘” –Šƒ– Ž‡ƒ†• –‘ •‘…‹ƒŽ

‡š…Šƒ‰‡Ǥ Š‡•‡ ”‡“—‹”‡‡–• ƒ”‡ǣ ‹”•–ǡ –Š‡ „‡Šƒ˜‹‘” —•– „‡ ‘”‹‡–‡†

–‘™ƒ”†•‰‘ƒŽ•–Šƒ–…ƒ‘Ž›„‡ƒ…Š‹‡˜‡†–Š”‘—‰Š‹–‡”ƒ…–‹‘™‹–Š‘–Š‡”’‡‘’Ž‡Ǥ

Nur Hasaniyah, Nur Widad Mazaya

‡…‘†ǡ –Š‡ „‡Šƒ˜‹‘” •Š‘—Ž† ƒ‹ –‘ ‘„–ƒ‹ –Š‡ ‡ƒ• ˆ‘” –Š‡ ƒ––ƒ‹‡– ‘ˆ

–Š‡•‡‰‘ƒŽ•Ǥ

Š‡ƒ‹…‘…‡”‘ˆŽƒ—̵•–Š‡‘”›‹•‘…Šƒ‰‡•‹•‘…‹ƒŽ’”‘…‡••‡•–Šƒ–

‘˜‡ ˆ”‘ •‹’Ž‡ •‘…‹ƒŽ •–”—…–—”‡• –‘ ‘”‡ …‘’Ž‡š •‘…‹ƒŽ •–”—…–—”‡•Ǥ Š‹•

…‘…‡” …ƒ „‡ •‡‡ ‹ –Š‡ †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡– ‘ˆ •–”ƒ–‹ˆ‹…ƒ–‹‘ •›•–‡• ‹ ‘”‡

…‘’Ž‡š ‰”‘—’•Ǥ  –Š‡ ‡ƒ”Ž› •–ƒ‰‡• ‘ˆ ‰”‘—’ ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ǡ ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ• –”› –‘

†‡‘•–”ƒ–‡–Š‡‹”˜ƒŽ—‡–‘–Š‡‰”‘—’ǤŠ‡‡„‡”•™‹ŽŽ‰‹˜‡†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–˜ƒŽ—‡•ǡ

•‘–Šƒ–Šƒ’’‡••–ƒ–—•†‹ˆˆ‡”‡…‡•Ǥ‘–‡˜‡”›‘‡‹•ƒ„Ž‡‘”™‹ŽŽ‹‰–‘–ƒ‡‘

‰”‘—’Ž‡ƒ†‡”•Š‹’”‡•’‘•‹„‹Ž‹–‹‡•Ǥ•ƒ”‡•—Ž–ǡ•‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡™‹ŽŽ•–‡’†‘™ƒ†

‰‹˜‡‘–Š‡”•ƒ…Šƒ…‡ˆ‘”ƒ’‘•‹–‹‘ȋŽƒ—ǡͳͻ͸Ͷǡ’ǤͳͻͷȌǤ

Š‡‡š‹•–‡…‡‘ˆ’‘™‡”†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–‹ƒ–‹‘…ƒ‹…”‡ƒ•‡–Š‡Ž‡˜‡Ž‘ˆ‡‡†ˆ‘”

•‘…‹ƒŽ ‹–‡‰”ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡– •–ƒ–—•‡•Ǥ  –Š‹• …ƒ•‡ǡ –Š‡”‡ ‹• ƒ ‡š…Šƒ‰‡

”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’”‡Žƒ–‡†–‘–Š‡’”‘„Ž‡‘ˆ•–”ƒ–‹ˆ‹…ƒ–‹‘Ǥš…Šƒ‰‡•‘……—”™Š‡–Š‡

”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’ ‹• ˆƒ˜‘”ƒ„Ž‡ –‘ Š‹‰Š ‘” Ž‘™Ǧ”ƒ‹‰ ‡„‡”•Ǥ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ ‹ˆ –Š‡

’‘™‡””‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’‹•…‘‡”…‹˜‡ǡƒ—‡“—ƒŽ‡š…Šƒ‰‡”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’‘……—”•ƒ†‹•

ƒ‹–ƒ‹‡† —•‹‰ ‡‰ƒ–‹˜‡ •ƒ…–‹‘•Ǥ —…Š ’‘™‡” ‹• ˆ”ƒ—‰Š– ™‹–Š ’”‘„Ž‡•

„‡…ƒ—•‡ ‹– …ƒ „”‡‡† ”‡•‹•–ƒ…‡Ǥ ‘” –Š‹• ”‡ƒ•‘ǡ ˆ‘” •‘…‹‡–› –‘ ˆ—…–‹‘

’”‘’‡”Ž›ǡ–Š‘•‡—†‡”‹–‡‡†–‘…‘’Ž›ƒ†…ƒ””›‘—––Š‡‹”†ƒ‹Ž›‘„Ž‹‰ƒ–‹‘•

™‹–Š–Š‡†‹”‡…–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‘•‡‹’‘™‡”ǤŠ‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ‹–‹•™‹•‡‹ˆ–Š‘•‡‹’‘™‡”ƒ•

—…Šƒ•’‘••‹„Ž‡Ž‘™‡”–Š‡’‘–‡–‹ƒŽ—•‡‘ˆ–Šƒ–…‘‡”…‹˜‡’‘™‡”ȋŽƒ—ǡͳͻ͸Ͷǡ’Ǥ ͳͻ͸ȌǤ

 ƒ††‹–‹‘ǡ ‡–‡” Žƒ— ƒŽ•‘ ’ƒ›• ƒ––‡–‹‘ –‘ †›ƒ‹… ’”‘…‡••‡• ‹

•‘…‹‡–›ǤŠ‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ‘Ž‘ƒȋʹͲͲ͹ǡ’ǤͻͶǦͻ͹Ȍ‡–‹‘••‡˜‡”ƒŽ†‹ƒŽ‡…–‹…ƒŽˆ‘”…‡•

”‡Žƒ–‡†–‘•‘…‹ƒŽ‡š…Šƒ‰‡ǡ•—…Šƒ•ǣ

ƒȌ ‹Ž‡ƒ ‹• ƒ ’”‘„Ž‡ƒ–‹… •‹–—ƒ–‹‘ ™Š‡”‡ ƒ ’‡”•‘ Šƒ• –‘ …Š‘‘•‡

„‡–™‡‡–™‘…‘ˆ—•‹‰‘’–‹‘•Ǥ–Š‡•‡…‹”…—•–ƒ…‡•ǡ…”‘••’Žƒ›ƒŽ•‘ƒ’’Ž‹‡•Ǥ

Š‡’‡”•‘…‘…‡”‡†™‹ŽŽ†‡–‡”‹‡Š‹•…Š‘‹…‡ƒ•ƒ†‡…‹•‹‘–Šƒ–™‹ŽŽ„‡–ƒ‡

–‘‰‡–™Šƒ–Š‡™ƒ–•Ǥ

„Ȍ ‹ˆˆ‡”‡–‹ƒ–‹‘ †‹•–‹‰—‹•Š‡• „‡–™‡‡ ”‹‰Š–• ƒ† ‘„Ž‹‰ƒ–‹‘• „ƒ•‡†

‘–Š‡•‘…‹ƒŽ„ƒ…‰”‘—†–Šƒ–ƒˆˆ‡…–•ƒ‰‡ǡ‰‡†‡”ǡƒ†‘……—’ƒ–‹‘ǤŠ‡‡š‹•–‡…‡

‘ˆ–Š‡•‡†‹ˆˆ‡”‡…‡•™‹ŽŽƒˆˆ‡…––Š‡’‡”•‘‹‘„–ƒ‹‹‰”‹‰Š–•ƒ†ˆ—Žˆ‹ŽŽ‹‰Š‹•

‘„Ž‹‰ƒ–‹‘•Ǥ

…Ȍ›ƒ‹…‹•–Š‡‘˜‡‡–‘ˆ•‘…‹ƒŽ‘”†‡”–Šƒ–”‡•—Ž–•‹…Šƒ‰‡•‹

–Š‡ ‘”†‡” ‘ˆ –Š‡‹” Ž‹˜‡•Ǥ Š‡•‡ ‘˜‡‡–• ƒˆˆ‡…– –Š‡ •‘…‹ƒŽ …‘†‹–‹‘• ƒ†

ƒ––‹–—†‡•‘ˆ‘–Š‡”•–‘™ƒ”†•–Š‡Ǥ

†Ȍ Š‡ †‹ƒŽ‡…–‹…ƒŽ ’”‘…‡•• ‹• ƒ …‘–”ƒ†‹…–‹‘ ’”‘…‡•• ‹˜‘Ž˜‹‰ –™‘

–Š‹‰• ‹ ™Š‹…Š •‘‡–Š‹‰ ‡™ ‡‡”‰‡•Ǥ  –Š‹• ’”‘…‡••ǡ –Š‡ ”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’ ‹•

Humanities across Histories and Trajectories in the Glocal Contexts Humanities across Histories and Trajectories in the Glocal Contexts

˜‡”› ‹ˆŽ—‡–‹ƒŽ „‡…ƒ—•‡ …‘ˆŽ‹…–• –Šƒ– ‘……—” ƒ—–‘ƒ–‹…ƒŽŽ› ™‹ŽŽ …ƒ—•‡ ƒ

’ƒ”–‹…—Žƒ””‡•—Ž––‘„‡…‘‡•‘‡–Š‹‰‡™†—‡–‘–Š‡’”‘…‡••Ǥ

METHOD

Š‹•”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‹•“—ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‹˜‡”‡•‡ƒ”…Š™Š‡”‡”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡”•ƒ”‡”‡“—‹”‡†–‘

ƒ•–‡”–Š‡–Š‡‘”›—•‡†ƒ•™‡ŽŽƒ•’‘••‹„Ž‡Ǥ–‹•‡…‡••ƒ”›„‡…ƒ—•‡ƒ•–‡”›‘ˆ

–Š‡ –Š‡‘”› ‹ˆŽ—‡…‡• –Š‡ ”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡”•̵ ƒƒŽ›•‹• ™Š‡ –Š‡› ”ƒ‹•‡ –Š‡

’Š‡‘‡‘‘ˆ•‘…‹‡–›”‡Žƒ–‡†–‘–Š‡–Š‡‘”›ǤŠ‹•ƒƒŽ›•‹•ƒ††‡•…”‹’–‹‘‘ˆ

”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡”• ‘ ˆƒ…–• ƒ† ’Š‡‘‡ƒ ‹• –Š‡ …Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹•–‹… ‘ˆ “—ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‹˜‡

”‡•‡ƒ”…Š ȋ‹•™ƒ–‘”‘ǡ ʹͲͲͷǡ ’Ǥ ͷ͹ǦͷͺȌǤ Š‹• ”‡•‡ƒ”…Š ‹• †‡•…”‹’–‹˜‡ ”‡•‡ƒ”…Š

™Š‡ ˜‹‡™‡† ˆ”‘ ‹–• ƒ–—”‡Ǥ ‡•…”‹’–‹˜‡ ”‡•‡ƒ”…Š ‡ƒ• ™Š‡”‡ –Š‡

”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡”•ƒƒŽ›œ‡–Š‡’Š‡‘‡ƒ‹–Š‡ˆ‹Ž„›†‡•…”‹„‹‰™Šƒ–‹–‹•ǤŠ‡

˜‹‡™‡† ˆ”‘ –Š‹• …‘…‡’–ǡ –Š‡ ”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡”• —•– †‡•…”‹„‡ –Š‡ ˆƒ…–• ƒ†

’Š‡‘‡ƒ‹–Š‡‘„Œ‡…–—†‡”•–—†›ȋ—”›ƒ„”ƒ–ƒǡʹͲͲͷǡ’ǤʹͲȌǤ

ƒ•‡† ‘ †ƒ–ƒ …‘ŽŽ‡…–‹‘ –‡…Š‹“—‡•ǡ –Š‹• ”‡•‡ƒ”…Š ‹• Ž‹„”ƒ”› ”‡•‡ƒ”…ŠǤ

‹„”ƒ”› ”‡•‡ƒ”…Š ‹• …ƒ””‹‡† ‘—– ™Š‡ ”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡”• –ƒ‡ ƒŽŽ †ƒ–ƒ ˆ”‘ ˜ƒ”‹‘—•

‹†•‘ˆŽ‹–‡”ƒ…›ǡˆ”‘„‘‘•ǡƒ”–‹…Ž‡•ǡŒ‘—”ƒŽ•ǡƒ†•‘‘ȋ‹•™ƒ–‘”‘ǡʹͲͲͷǡ’Ǥ

͸ʹǦ͸ͶȌǤŠ‡”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡”•—•‡ƒ‹‡–‹…ƒ’’”‘ƒ…Š–‘—†‡”•–ƒ†ˆƒ…–•ƒ†•‘…‹ƒŽ

‹–‡”ƒ…–‹‘•‹–Š‡‘„Œ‡…–ǤŠ‡‹‡–‹…ƒ’’”‘ƒ…Š…‘•‹†‡”•Ž‹–‡”ƒ”›™‘”•ƒ•ƒ

”‡ˆŽ‡…–‹‘‘ˆ”‡ƒŽŽ‹ˆ‡ǤŠ‹•”‡ƒ•‘…ƒƒ‡”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡”•‘”‡ˆ‘…—•‡†„‡…ƒ—•‡

”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡”• †‘̵– ‡‡† –‘ …‘•‹†‡” –Š‡ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡…‡ „‡–™‡‡ •‘…‹ƒŽ ˆƒ…–• ‹

Ž‹–‡”ƒ”›™‘”•ƒ†”‡ƒŽŽ‹ˆ‡ȋ‹•™ƒ–‘”‘ǡʹͲͲͷǡ’Ǥ͸͵ȌǤ

‘ ƒƒŽ›œ‡ –Š‡ ‘„Œ‡…–ǡ –Š‡ ”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡”• ™ƒ–…Š –Š‡ ™”‹–‡ –Š‡ •‘…‹ƒŽ ˆƒ…–

†ƒ–ƒ‹–Š‡‘„Œ‡…–ƒ……‘”†‹‰–‘–Š‡–Š‡‘”›—•‡†ȋ‘…‹ƒŽ‡š…Šƒ‰‡„›‡–‡”Žƒ—ȌǤ

ˆ–‡”™ƒ–…Š‹‰–Š‡‘„Œ‡…–ƒ†”‡ƒ†‹‰–Š‡–Š‡‘”›ǡ–Š‡”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡”•–Š‡„‡‰‹–‘

ƒƒŽ›œ‡ƒ††‡•…”‹„‡‹–‹–Š‡ˆ‘”‘ˆƒƒ””ƒ–‹˜‡ȋƒ„”‘Š‹ǡʹͲͳʹǡ’Ǥ͵ͷȌǤŠ‡

Žƒ•–•–‡’‹•†”ƒ™‹‰…‘…Ž—•‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡ƒƒŽ›•‹•–‘ƒ•™‡”–Š‡”‡•‡ƒ”…Š’”‘„Ž‡Ǥ

FINDINGS/RESULTS Forms of Social Exchange

ƒ•‡†‘–Š‡†ƒ–ƒ…‘ŽŽ‡…–‡†ǡ–Š‡”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡”•ˆ‘—†•‡˜‡”ƒŽˆ‘”•‘ˆ•‘…‹ƒŽ

on Language, Literature and Mediaon Language, Literature and Media

Nur Hasaniyah, Nur Widad Mazaya

˜‡”› ‹ˆŽ—‡–‹ƒŽ „‡…ƒ—•‡ …‘ˆŽ‹…–• –Šƒ– ‘……—” ƒ—–‘ƒ–‹…ƒŽŽ› ™‹ŽŽ …ƒ—•‡ ƒ

’ƒ”–‹…—Žƒ””‡•—Ž––‘„‡…‘‡•‘‡–Š‹‰‡™†—‡–‘–Š‡’”‘…‡••Ǥ

METHOD

Š‹•”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‹•“—ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‹˜‡”‡•‡ƒ”…Š™Š‡”‡”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡”•ƒ”‡”‡“—‹”‡†–‘

ƒ•–‡”–Š‡–Š‡‘”›—•‡†ƒ•™‡ŽŽƒ•’‘••‹„Ž‡Ǥ–‹•‡…‡••ƒ”›„‡…ƒ—•‡ƒ•–‡”›‘ˆ

–Š‡ –Š‡‘”› ‹ˆŽ—‡…‡• –Š‡ ”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡”•̵ ƒƒŽ›•‹• ™Š‡ –Š‡› ”ƒ‹•‡ –Š‡

’Š‡‘‡‘‘ˆ•‘…‹‡–›”‡Žƒ–‡†–‘–Š‡–Š‡‘”›ǤŠ‹•ƒƒŽ›•‹•ƒ††‡•…”‹’–‹‘‘ˆ

”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡”• ‘ ˆƒ…–• ƒ† ’Š‡‘‡ƒ ‹• –Š‡ …Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”‹•–‹… ‘ˆ “—ƒŽ‹–ƒ–‹˜‡

”‡•‡ƒ”…Š ȋ‹•™ƒ–‘”‘ǡ ʹͲͲͷǡ ’Ǥ ͷ͹ǦͷͺȌǤ Š‹• ”‡•‡ƒ”…Š ‹• †‡•…”‹’–‹˜‡ ”‡•‡ƒ”…Š

™Š‡ ˜‹‡™‡† ˆ”‘ ‹–• ƒ–—”‡Ǥ ‡•…”‹’–‹˜‡ ”‡•‡ƒ”…Š ‡ƒ• ™Š‡”‡ –Š‡

”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡”•ƒƒŽ›œ‡–Š‡’Š‡‘‡ƒ‹–Š‡ˆ‹Ž„›†‡•…”‹„‹‰™Šƒ–‹–‹•ǤŠ‡

˜‹‡™‡† ˆ”‘ –Š‹• …‘…‡’–ǡ –Š‡ ”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡”• —•– †‡•…”‹„‡ –Š‡ ˆƒ…–• ƒ†

’Š‡‘‡ƒ‹–Š‡‘„Œ‡…–—†‡”•–—†›ȋ—”›ƒ„”ƒ–ƒǡʹͲͲͷǡ’ǤʹͲȌǤ

ƒ•‡† ‘ †ƒ–ƒ …‘ŽŽ‡…–‹‘ –‡…Š‹“—‡•ǡ –Š‹• ”‡•‡ƒ”…Š ‹• Ž‹„”ƒ”› ”‡•‡ƒ”…ŠǤ

‹„”ƒ”› ”‡•‡ƒ”…Š ‹• …ƒ””‹‡† ‘—– ™Š‡ ”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡”• –ƒ‡ ƒŽŽ †ƒ–ƒ ˆ”‘ ˜ƒ”‹‘—•

‹†•‘ˆŽ‹–‡”ƒ…›ǡˆ”‘„‘‘•ǡƒ”–‹…Ž‡•ǡŒ‘—”ƒŽ•ǡƒ†•‘‘ȋ‹•™ƒ–‘”‘ǡʹͲͲͷǡ’Ǥ

͸ʹǦ͸ͶȌǤŠ‡”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡”•—•‡ƒ‹‡–‹…ƒ’’”‘ƒ…Š–‘—†‡”•–ƒ†ˆƒ…–•ƒ†•‘…‹ƒŽ

‹–‡”ƒ…–‹‘•‹–Š‡‘„Œ‡…–ǤŠ‡‹‡–‹…ƒ’’”‘ƒ…Š…‘•‹†‡”•Ž‹–‡”ƒ”›™‘”•ƒ•ƒ

”‡ˆŽ‡…–‹‘‘ˆ”‡ƒŽŽ‹ˆ‡ǤŠ‹•”‡ƒ•‘…ƒƒ‡”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡”•‘”‡ˆ‘…—•‡†„‡…ƒ—•‡

”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡”• †‘̵– ‡‡† –‘ …‘•‹†‡” –Š‡ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡…‡ „‡–™‡‡ •‘…‹ƒŽ ˆƒ…–• ‹

Ž‹–‡”ƒ”›™‘”•ƒ†”‡ƒŽŽ‹ˆ‡ȋ‹•™ƒ–‘”‘ǡʹͲͲͷǡ’Ǥ͸͵ȌǤ

‘ ƒƒŽ›œ‡ –Š‡ ‘„Œ‡…–ǡ –Š‡ ”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡”• ™ƒ–…Š –Š‡ ™”‹–‡ –Š‡ •‘…‹ƒŽ ˆƒ…–

†ƒ–ƒ‹–Š‡‘„Œ‡…–ƒ……‘”†‹‰–‘–Š‡–Š‡‘”›—•‡†ȋ‘…‹ƒŽ‡š…Šƒ‰‡„›‡–‡”Žƒ—ȌǤ

ˆ–‡”™ƒ–…Š‹‰–Š‡‘„Œ‡…–ƒ†”‡ƒ†‹‰–Š‡–Š‡‘”›ǡ–Š‡”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡”•–Š‡„‡‰‹–‘

ƒƒŽ›œ‡ƒ††‡•…”‹„‡‹–‹–Š‡ˆ‘”‘ˆƒƒ””ƒ–‹˜‡ȋƒ„”‘Š‹ǡʹͲͳʹǡ’Ǥ͵ͷȌǤŠ‡

Žƒ•–•–‡’‹•†”ƒ™‹‰…‘…Ž—•‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡ƒƒŽ›•‹•–‘ƒ•™‡”–Š‡”‡•‡ƒ”…Š’”‘„Ž‡Ǥ

FINDINGS/RESULTS Forms of Social Exchange

ƒ•‡†‘–Š‡†ƒ–ƒ…‘ŽŽ‡…–‡†ǡ–Š‡”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡”•ˆ‘—†•‡˜‡”ƒŽˆ‘”•‘ˆ•‘…‹ƒŽ

‡š…Šƒ‰‡‹ƒ–‹Ž†ƒˆ‹ŽǤ

Nur Hasaniyah, Nur Widad Mazaya ͳǤ Matilda’ loneliness

̶˜‡”› ‘”‹‰ ƒ–‹Ž†ƒ ™ƒ• Ž‡ˆ– ƒŽ‘‡Ǥ Šƒ– ™ƒ• Š‘™ •Š‡ Ž‹‡† ‹–Ǥ̶

ȋͲǣͲ͵ǣʹͳȌ

Š‡ƒ””ƒ–‹‘ƒ„‘˜‡•Š‘™•–Šƒ–ƒ–‹Ž†ƒŽ‹‡•–‘„‡ƒŽ‘‡‹–Š‡

Š‘—•‡Ǥƒ–‹Ž†ƒˆ‡‡Ž•–Šƒ–•Š‡†‘‡•‘–ˆ‹–‹™‹–ŠŠ‡”‘™ˆƒ‹Ž›Ǥˆ–Š‡”‡

‹• ‘ ‡š’Žƒƒ–‹‘ǡ –Š‡ ƒ–‹Ž†ƒǡ ™Š‘ Ž‹‡• •‘Ž‹–—†‡ǡ ‹• …‘•‹†‡”‡†

•–”ƒ‰‡ ƒ† —ƒ–—”ƒŽǤ ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ ‡š’Žƒ‹‹‰ ƒ–‹Ž†ƒ̵• ‹…‘’ƒ–‹„‹Ž‹–›

™‹–ŠŠ‡”ˆƒ‹Ž›ǡŠ‡”ƒ…–‹‘•ƒ”‡ƒ’Š‡‘‡‘‘ˆ•‘…‹ƒŽ‡š…Šƒ‰‡Ǥ–‹•

‹ Ž‹‡ ™‹–Š ‡–‡” Žƒ—̵• ’”‹…‹’Ž‡ –Šƒ– Š—ƒ• –‡† –‘ ‰ƒ–Š‡” ƒ†

‹–‡”ƒ…–™‹–Š–Š‘•‡™Š‘ƒ”‡•‹‹Žƒ”‹–Š‘—‰Š–ƒ†˜‹•‹‘‘”–Š‘•‡™Š‘

ƒ”‡ …‘•‹†‡”‡† –‘ ’”‘˜‹†‡ „‡‡ˆ‹–•ǡ „‘–Š ˆ‹ƒ…‹ƒŽŽ›ǡ •‡”˜‹…‡ǡ ƒ†

•ƒ–‹•ˆƒ…–‹‘ȋŽƒ—ǡͳͻ͸Ͷǡ’ǤͳͻͷȌǤ ʹǤ Librarian’s advice

”•ǤŠ‡Ž’•ǡ™Š‘Šƒ†„‡‡™ƒ–…Š‹‰Š‡”™‹–Šƒˆƒ•…‹ƒ–‹‘ˆ‘”–Š‡’ƒ•–

ˆ‡™™‡‡•ǡ‘ˆˆ‡”‡†ƒ–‹Ž†ƒ•‘‡˜ƒŽ—ƒ„Ž‡Ž‹„”ƒ”›‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘Ǥ̶‘—‘™

›‘—…ƒŠƒ˜‡›‘—”‘™Ž‹„”ƒ”›…ƒ”†ƒ†–Š‡›‘—…‘—Ž†–ƒ‡„‘‘•Š‘‡

ƒ†›‘—™‘—Ž†̵–Šƒ˜‡–‘™ƒŽŠ‡”‡‡˜‡”›†ƒ›ǡ›‘—…‘—Ž†–ƒ‡ƒ•ƒ›ƒ•

›‘—Ž‹‡ǡ–Šƒ–™‘—Ž†„‡™‘†‡”ˆ—ŽǤ̶ȋͲͲǣͲ͸ǣʹ͹Ȍ

–Š‡–‡š–ƒ„‘˜‡ǡ‹–…ƒ„‡•‡‡–Šƒ––Š‡”‡‹•ƒ’Š‡‘‡‘‘ˆ

•‘…‹ƒŽ ‡š…Šƒ‰‡ „‡–™‡‡ ƒ–‹Ž†ƒ ƒ† –Š‡ Ž‹„”ƒ”‹ƒǤ ˜‡ –Š‘—‰Š –Š‡

Ž‹„”ƒ”‹ƒ †‹†̵– ‰‡– ƒ› ”‡’Ž› ˆ”‘ ƒ–‹Ž†ƒǡ –Š‡ Ž‹„”ƒ”‹ƒ ‰ƒ˜‡ –Š‡

‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ „‡…ƒ—•‡ •Š‡ –Š‘—‰Š– –Šƒ– ƒ–‹Ž†ƒ Šƒ† •‘‡–Š‹‰ ‹

…‘‘™‹–ŠŠ‡”ǡ™Š‹…Š™ƒ•–Šƒ––Š‡›„‘–ŠŽ‹‡†„‘‘•ǤŠƒ–™ƒ›ǡ–Š‡

Ž‹„”ƒ”‹ƒ ‰‡–• –Š‡ •ƒ–‹•ˆƒ…–‹‘ ‘ˆ „‡‹‰ ƒ„Ž‡ –‘ Š‡Ž’ ‡ƒ…Š ‘–Š‡” ‡˜‡

™‹–Š‘—– ’ƒ› ‘” …‘’‡•ƒ–‹‘Ǥ —•– Ž‹‡ ™Šƒ– Žƒ— •ƒ‹† ˆ‘” Š‹• •‘…‹ƒŽ

‡š…Šƒ‰‡–Š‡‘”›ȋŽƒ—ǡͳͻ͸Ͷǡ’ǤͳͻͶȌǤ

͵Ǥ Matilda’s hug

ƒ† : “Hey you! You’re going to school!”

Matilda: “I am?” (hug)ȋͲͲǣʹʹǣͶͺȌ

ƒ–‹Ž†ƒ Š—‰‰‡† Š‡” ˆƒ–Š‡”Ǥ Š‹• ‹…‹†‡– Šƒ’’‡‡† „‡…ƒ—•‡

ƒ–‹Ž†ƒ–Šƒ‡†Š‡”ˆƒ–Š‡”ǡ™Š‘ˆ‹ƒŽŽ›‰”ƒ–‡†Š‡””‡“—‡•––‘‡–‡”ƒ†

•–—†›ƒ––Š‡•…Š‘‘ŽǤƒ–‹Ž†ƒ̵•Š—‰‹•ƒˆ‘”‘ˆ•‘…‹ƒŽ‡š…Šƒ‰‡ˆ‘”™Šƒ–

Š‡” ˆƒ–Š‡” Šƒ• †‘‡Ǥ – ‹• ‹ ƒ……‘”†ƒ…‡ ™‹–Š ‡–‡” Žƒ—̵• …‘…‡’– ‘ˆ

•‘…‹ƒŽ ‡š…Šƒ‰‡ǡ ™Š‹…Š •ƒ›• –Šƒ– Š—ƒ• ™Š‘ ”‡…‡‹˜‡ ‹†‡•• ˆ”‘

‘–Š‡”•–‡†–‘™ƒ––‘”‡’ƒ›–Š‡‹”‹†‡••ǤŠ—•ǡ–Š‡’Š‡‘‡‘‘ˆ

‰‹˜‡ƒ†–ƒ‡‘……—”•„‡–™‡‡Š—ƒ•Ǥ ͶǤ Ž‘™‡”ˆ‘”‹••‘‡›

ȋ‹••‘‡›‰‘–ƒ„—…‡–‘ˆˆŽ‘™‡”ˆ”‘Š‡”•–—†‡–ȌȋͲͲǣʹͺǣʹ͸Ȍ

Humanities across Histories and Trajectories in the Glocal Contexts Humanities across Histories and Trajectories in the Glocal Contexts

Š‡ ƒ…–‹‘ –ƒ‡ „› –Š‡ •–—†‡– ‹• ƒ ˆ‘” ‘ˆ •‘…‹ƒŽ ‡š…Šƒ‰‡

„‡…ƒ—•‡Š‡‰‡–•–Š‡Ž‘˜‡‘ˆ‹••Š‘‡›ǤŠ‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ–Š‡•–—†‡––”‹‡•–‘

”‡’ƒ›–Š‡ƒˆˆ‡…–‹‘Š‡‰‡–•ˆ”‘‹••Š‘‡›„›†‘‹‰‰‘‘†‡˜‡–Š‘—‰Š

‹–‹••ƒŽŽǤŠ‹•ƒ…–‹‘‹•ƒˆ‘”‘ˆ•‘…‹ƒŽ‡š…Šƒ‰‡„‡…ƒ—•‡–Š‡”‡‹•ƒ

‰‹˜‡Ǧƒ†Ǧ–ƒ‡ ‡˜‡– „‡–™‡‡ ʹ ’‡‘’Ž‡ǡ ‡‹–Š‡” ‹ –Š‡ ˆ‘” ‘ˆ ‰‘‘†•ǡ

•‡”˜‹…‡•ǡ‘”‹‡”•ƒ–‹•ˆƒ…–‹‘ȋŽƒ—ǡͳͻ͸Ͷǡ’ǤͳͻͷȌǤ ͷǤ ‘˜‹‰‡ƒ…Š‘–Š‡”

“Matilda's class runs smoothly and is full of smiles, Miss honey has no trouble teaching.” (00:28:30)

Š‡–‡š–ƒ„‘˜‡•Š‘™•–Š‡’Š‡‘‡‘‘ˆ•‘…‹ƒŽ‡š…Šƒ‰‡–Šƒ–

‘……—”•„‡–™‡‡•–—†‡–•ƒ†‹••Š‘‡›Ǥ‡…ƒ—•‡‘ˆ‹••‘‡›̵•‹†

ƒ––‹–—†‡–‘™ƒ”†•Š‡”•–—†‡–•ǡ‹••‘‡›Šƒ•‘†‹ˆˆ‹…—Ž–›‹–‡ƒ…Š‹‰

‹ –Š‡ …Žƒ••”‘‘Ǥ Š‡ •‘…‹ƒŽ ‡š…Šƒ‰‡ –Šƒ– ‘……—””‡† ™ƒ• ƒ ƒ…– –Šƒ–

‹˜‘Ž˜‡†ƒ‡š…Šƒ‰‡‘ˆ•‡”˜‹…‡•–Šƒ–„‡‰ƒ™‹–Š‹••Š‘‡›̵•Ž‘˜‡ˆ‘”

Š‡”•–—†‡–•Ǥ

͸Ǥ ‹••”—…Š„—ŽŽ̵•ƒ‰‡”

‹••”—…Š„—ŽŽ : Wormwood! Sell me a lemon? You’re heading for the …Š‘…›ǡ›‘—‰Žƒ†›Ǩ

ƒ–‹Ž†ƒ ǣŠ‘‡›ǫ

‹••”—…Š„—ŽŽǣ‡ƒ…Š›‘—ƒŽ‡••‘Ǩ

ƒ–‹Ž†ƒ ǣŠƒ–Ž‡••‘ǫ

‹••”—…Š„—ŽŽǣ‘—ƒ†›‘—”ˆƒ–Š‡”–Š‹›‘—…ƒƒ‡ƒˆ‘‘Ž‘—–‘ˆ

‡ǨȋͲͲǣͶͷǣ͵ͲȌ

Š‡…‘˜‡”•ƒ–‹‘ƒ„‘˜‡•Š‘™•‹••”—…Š„—ŽŽ̵•ƒ‰‡”–‘™ƒ”†•

ƒ–‹Ž†ƒ̵•ˆƒ–Š‡”ǡ™Š‹…Šƒ–‹Ž†ƒ’ƒ••‡†‘™Š‡•Š‡™ƒ•ƒ–•…Š‘‘ŽǤŠ‡

ƒ‰‡” ™ƒ• –”‹‰‰‡”‡† „› ‹•• ”—…Š„—ŽŽ̵• †‹••ƒ–‹•ˆƒ…–‹‘ ™‹–Š –Š‡ …ƒ”

’—”…Šƒ•‡† ˆ”‘ ƒ–‹Ž†ƒ̵• ˆƒ–Š‡”Ǥ ˆ‡™ †ƒ›• ƒˆ–‡” Š‡ „‘—‰Š– ‹–ǡ Š‡

”‡ƒŽ‹œ‡† –Šƒ– –Š‡ …ƒ” Šƒ† „‡‡ ”‹‰‰‡† ƒ† •‘Ž† ˆ‘” ƒ Š‹‰Š ’”‹…‡ „›

ƒ–‹Ž†ƒ̵• ˆƒ–Š‡”Ǥ Š‡ ƒ…–‹‘• –ƒ‡ „› ‹•• ”—…Š„—ŽŽ ƒ”‡ ƒ ˆ‘” ‘ˆ

•‘…‹ƒŽ ‡š…Šƒ‰‡ „‡…ƒ—•‡ •Š‡ †‘‡• •‘‡–Š‹‰ „ƒ•‡† ‘ ™Šƒ– •Š‡

”‡…‡‹˜‡•ˆ”‘‘–Š‡”•ǤŠ‡•‘…‹ƒŽ‡š…Šƒ‰‡–Šƒ–‹••”—…Š„—ŽŽ†‹†™ƒ•

–‘’—‹•Šƒ–‹Ž†ƒȋƒ•Š‡”ˆƒ–Š‡”̵•”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹˜‡ȌǤ

͹Ǥ ”‹…‹‰–Š‡

ƒ–‹Ž†ƒ ǣ ”‡ƒŽŽ› Š‘’‡ ›‘— Šƒ˜‡ ƒ •‡ƒ”…Š ™ƒ””ƒ–Ǥ ……‘”†‹‰ –‘ ƒ constitutional law book I read in the library, if you don’t have

‘‡ǡ›‘—…‘—Ž†Ž‘•‡›‘—”Œ‘„‘”‡˜‡‰‘–‘ˆ‡†‡”ƒŽ’”‹•‘Ǥ : It’s your father who’s going to federal prison. (01:ͶͷǣͲͺȌ

on Language, Literature and Mediaon Language, Literature and Media

Nur Hasaniyah, Nur Widad Mazaya

Š‡ ƒ…–‹‘ –ƒ‡ „› –Š‡ •–—†‡– ‹• ƒ ˆ‘” ‘ˆ •‘…‹ƒŽ ‡š…Šƒ‰‡

„‡…ƒ—•‡Š‡‰‡–•–Š‡Ž‘˜‡‘ˆ‹••Š‘‡›ǤŠ‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ–Š‡•–—†‡––”‹‡•–‘

”‡’ƒ›–Š‡ƒˆˆ‡…–‹‘Š‡‰‡–•ˆ”‘‹••Š‘‡›„›†‘‹‰‰‘‘†‡˜‡–Š‘—‰Š

‹–‹••ƒŽŽǤŠ‹•ƒ…–‹‘‹•ƒˆ‘”‘ˆ•‘…‹ƒŽ‡š…Šƒ‰‡„‡…ƒ—•‡–Š‡”‡‹•ƒ

‰‹˜‡Ǧƒ†Ǧ–ƒ‡ ‡˜‡– „‡–™‡‡ ʹ ’‡‘’Ž‡ǡ ‡‹–Š‡” ‹ –Š‡ ˆ‘” ‘ˆ ‰‘‘†•ǡ

•‡”˜‹…‡•ǡ‘”‹‡”•ƒ–‹•ˆƒ…–‹‘ȋŽƒ—ǡͳͻ͸Ͷǡ’ǤͳͻͷȌǤ ͷǤ ‘˜‹‰‡ƒ…Š‘–Š‡”

“Matilda's class runs smoothly and is full of smiles, Miss honey has no trouble teaching.” (00:28:30)

Š‡–‡š–ƒ„‘˜‡•Š‘™•–Š‡’Š‡‘‡‘‘ˆ•‘…‹ƒŽ‡š…Šƒ‰‡–Šƒ–

‘……—”•„‡–™‡‡•–—†‡–•ƒ†‹••Š‘‡›Ǥ‡…ƒ—•‡‘ˆ‹••‘‡›̵•‹†

ƒ––‹–—†‡–‘™ƒ”†•Š‡”•–—†‡–•ǡ‹••‘‡›Šƒ•‘†‹ˆˆ‹…—Ž–›‹–‡ƒ…Š‹‰

‹ –Š‡ …Žƒ••”‘‘Ǥ Š‡ •‘…‹ƒŽ ‡š…Šƒ‰‡ –Šƒ– ‘……—””‡† ™ƒ• ƒ ƒ…– –Šƒ–

‹˜‘Ž˜‡†ƒ‡š…Šƒ‰‡‘ˆ•‡”˜‹…‡•–Šƒ–„‡‰ƒ™‹–Š‹••Š‘‡›̵•Ž‘˜‡ˆ‘”

Š‡”•–—†‡–•Ǥ

͸Ǥ ‹••”—…Š„—ŽŽ̵•ƒ‰‡”

‹••”—…Š„—ŽŽ : Wormwood! Sell me a lemon? You’re heading for the …Š‘…›ǡ›‘—‰Žƒ†›Ǩ

ƒ–‹Ž†ƒ ǣŠ‘‡›ǫ

‹••”—…Š„—ŽŽǣ‡ƒ…Š›‘—ƒŽ‡••‘Ǩ

ƒ–‹Ž†ƒ ǣŠƒ–Ž‡••‘ǫ

‹••”—…Š„—ŽŽǣ‘—ƒ†›‘—”ˆƒ–Š‡”–Š‹›‘—…ƒƒ‡ƒˆ‘‘Ž‘—–‘ˆ

‡ǨȋͲͲǣͶͷǣ͵ͲȌ

Š‡…‘˜‡”•ƒ–‹‘ƒ„‘˜‡•Š‘™•‹••”—…Š„—ŽŽ̵•ƒ‰‡”–‘™ƒ”†•

ƒ–‹Ž†ƒ̵•ˆƒ–Š‡”ǡ™Š‹…Šƒ–‹Ž†ƒ’ƒ••‡†‘™Š‡•Š‡™ƒ•ƒ–•…Š‘‘ŽǤŠ‡

ƒ‰‡” ™ƒ• –”‹‰‰‡”‡† „› ‹•• ”—…Š„—ŽŽ̵• †‹••ƒ–‹•ˆƒ…–‹‘ ™‹–Š –Š‡ …ƒ”

’—”…Šƒ•‡† ˆ”‘ ƒ–‹Ž†ƒ̵• ˆƒ–Š‡”Ǥ ˆ‡™ †ƒ›• ƒˆ–‡” Š‡ „‘—‰Š– ‹–ǡ Š‡

”‡ƒŽ‹œ‡† –Šƒ– –Š‡ …ƒ” Šƒ† „‡‡ ”‹‰‰‡† ƒ† •‘Ž† ˆ‘” ƒ Š‹‰Š ’”‹…‡ „›

ƒ–‹Ž†ƒ̵• ˆƒ–Š‡”Ǥ Š‡ ƒ…–‹‘• –ƒ‡ „› ‹•• ”—…Š„—ŽŽ ƒ”‡ ƒ ˆ‘” ‘ˆ

•‘…‹ƒŽ ‡š…Šƒ‰‡ „‡…ƒ—•‡ •Š‡ †‘‡• •‘‡–Š‹‰ „ƒ•‡† ‘ ™Šƒ– •Š‡

”‡…‡‹˜‡•ˆ”‘‘–Š‡”•ǤŠ‡•‘…‹ƒŽ‡š…Šƒ‰‡–Šƒ–‹••”—…Š„—ŽŽ†‹†™ƒ•

–‘’—‹•Šƒ–‹Ž†ƒȋƒ•Š‡”ˆƒ–Š‡”̵•”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹˜‡ȌǤ

͹Ǥ ”‹…‹‰–Š‡

ƒ–‹Ž†ƒ ǣ ”‡ƒŽŽ› Š‘’‡ ›‘— Šƒ˜‡ ƒ •‡ƒ”…Š ™ƒ””ƒ–Ǥ ……‘”†‹‰ –‘ ƒ constitutional law book I read in the library, if you don’t have

‘‡ǡ›‘—…‘—Ž†Ž‘•‡›‘—”Œ‘„‘”‡˜‡‰‘–‘ˆ‡†‡”ƒŽ’”‹•‘Ǥ : It’s your father who’s going to federal prison. (01:ͶͷǣͲͺȌ

Nur Hasaniyah, Nur Widad Mazaya

–Š‡–‡š–ƒ„‘˜‡ǡƒ–‹Ž†ƒ‹••‡‡–”‹…‹‰ ‡„‡”•‹–‘‘–

‰‡––‹‰‡˜‹†‡…‡‘ˆŠ‡”ˆƒ–Š‡”̵•ˆ”ƒ—†Ǥ‡†‹†–Š‹•„‡…ƒ—•‡Š‡™ƒ–‡†–‘

‰‹˜‡ Š‹• ˆƒ–Š‡” ƒ ‘’’‘”–—‹–› –‘ ”‡’‡– ƒ† …Šƒ‰‡ ˆ‘” –Š‡ „‡––‡”Ǥ

ƒ–‹Ž†ƒ̵• ƒ…–‹‘• ™‡”‡ ƒ ˆ‘” ‘ˆ •‘…‹ƒŽ ‡š…Šƒ‰‡ „‡…ƒ—•‡ ƒˆ–‡” ƒŽŽǡ

ƒ–‹Ž†ƒ̵• ˆƒ–Š‡” ™ƒ• –Š‡ ‘‡ ™Š‘ ”ƒ‹•‡† Š‡”ǡ †‡•’‹–‡ Š‡” ˆƒ–Š‡”̵• „ƒ†

–‡’‡”Ǥ

ͺǤ Matilda’s adoption

ƒ–‹Ž†ƒǣ™ƒ––‘•–ƒ›™‹–Š‹••Š‘‡›Ǥ

‘ ǣMiss honey doesn’t want you. Why would she want some

•‘––›ǡ†‹•‘„‡†‹‡–‹†ǫ

‹•• ‘‡›ǣ ecause she’s a spectacularly wonderful kid, and Ž‘˜‡

Š‡”Ǥ

ƒ–‹Ž†ƒ ǣ†‘’–‡ǡ‹••Š‘‡›Ǥ

ƒ† ǣ‘‘ǡ†‘̵–Šƒ˜‡–‹‡ˆ‘”ƒŽŽ–Š‡•‡Ž‡‰ƒŽ‹–‹‡•

ƒ–‹Ž†ƒ ǣ‡•‡…‘†ǡ†ƒ†ǤŠƒ˜‡–Š‡ƒ†‘’–‹‘’ƒ’‡”•

‘ ǣhat? Where’d you get those?

ƒ–‹Ž†ƒ ǣ ”‘ ƒ „‘‘ ‹ –Š‡ Ž‹„”ƒ”›Ǥ ̵˜‡ Šƒ† –Š‡ •‹…‡ ™ƒ• „‹‰

‡‘—‰Š–‘š‡”‘š

‘ ǣ”‡›‘—Š‡ƒ”‹‰–Š‹•Šƒ””›ǫ

ƒ–‹Ž†ƒ ǣŽŽ›‘—Šƒ˜‡–‘†‘‹••‹‰–Š‡

‘ ǣ ‘—̵”‡ –Š‡ ‘Ž› †ƒ—‰Š–‡” ‡˜‡” Šƒ†ǡ ƒ–‹Ž†ƒǤ † ‡˜‡”

understood you. Not one little bit. Who’s got a pen?ȋͲͳǣʹͻǣͶͺȌ

 –Š‡ …‘˜‡”•ƒ–‹‘ ƒ„‘˜‡ǡ ‹– …ƒ „‡ •‡‡ –Šƒ– •‡˜‡”ƒŽ •‘…‹ƒŽ

‡š…Šƒ‰‡• ‘……—”Ǥ ‹”•–ǡ –Š‡ •‘…‹ƒŽ ‡š…Šƒ‰‡ „‡–™‡‡ ƒ–‹Ž†ƒ ƒ† ‹••

‘‡›ǡ ƒ‡Ž› –Š‡ •‹‹Žƒ”‹–› ‹ ‹†•‡–ǡ ‹†‡••ǡ ƒ† ƒˆˆ‡…–‹‘ –Š‡›

”‡…‡‹˜‡† ˆ‘” ‡ƒ…Š ‘–Š‡”ǡ ƒ†‡ ƒ–‹Ž†ƒ ™ƒ– –‘ „‡ ƒ†‘’–‡† „› ‹••

‘‡›ǡ ƒ† ˜‹…‡ ˜‡”•ƒǤ  …‘–”ƒ•–ǡ –Š‡ •‡…‘† •‘…‹ƒŽ ‡š…Šƒ‰‡ ‹•

„‡–™‡‡ ƒ–‹Ž†ƒ ƒ† Š‡” ’ƒ”‡–•Ǥ —‡ –‘ †‹ˆˆ‡”‡…‡• ‹ ƒ–—”‡ ƒ†

…Šƒ”ƒ…–‡”ǡ–Š‡›‡˜‡”‰‘Šƒ†‹Šƒ†Ǥ‘™‡˜‡”ǡ•‡‡‹‰ƒ–‹Ž†ƒ™ƒ–‹‰

–‘„‡ƒ†‘’–‡†„›‹••‘‡›ǡŠ‡”‘–Š‡”ˆ‡Ž––Šƒ–‹–™ƒ•–Š‡‘Ž›„‡•–

™ƒ›‘—–•‘–Šƒ–•Š‡…‘—Ž†—†‡”•–ƒ†ƒ–‹Ž†ƒˆ‘”–Š‡ˆ‹”•––‹‡™Š‹Ž‡

”‡†—…‹‰ –Š‡‹” ˆƒ‹Ž›̵• †ƒ‹Ž› ‡š’‡•‡•Ǥ Š—•ǡ ‡˜‡ –Š‘—‰Š ƒ–‹Ž†ƒ̵•

‘–Š‡”̵• ƒ…–‹‘• ™‡”‡ •–”ƒ‰‡ ƒ† —ƒ–—”ƒŽǡ ‹– ™ƒ• ƒ ˆ‘” ‘ˆ •‘…‹ƒŽ

‡š…Šƒ‰‡–Šƒ–•Š‡†‹†•‘–Šƒ–•Š‡ƒ†ƒ–‹Ž†ƒ„‘–Š„‡‡ˆ‹–‡†Ǥ

CONCLUSION

Š‹•”‡•‡ƒ”…Š–‡ŽŽ•–Šƒ––Š‡•‘…‹ƒŽ‹–‡”ƒ…–‹‘„‡–™‡‡Š—ƒ•™‹–Š‘‡

ƒ‘–Š‡”ƒŽ™ƒ›•‘……—”•‹•‘…‹‡–›…ƒ—•‡†„›ƒ‹„ƒŽƒ…‡„‡–™‡‡–Š‡†‡•‹”‡•

Humanities across Histories and Trajectories in the Glocal Contexts Humanities across Histories and Trajectories in the Glocal Contexts

ƒ† ƒ„‹Ž‹–‹‡• ‘ˆ ‡ƒ…Š ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽǤ Š‡ †‡•‹”‡• ’‘••‡••‡† „› Š—ƒ• –‡† –‘

‡š…‡‡† –Š‡‹” ƒ„‹Ž‹–‹‡•ǡ •‘ –Šƒ– ‡ƒ…Š ‘ˆ –Š‡ —•– ƒ• ˆ‘” Š‡Ž’ ˆ”‘ ‘–Š‡”• –‘

ˆ—Žˆ‹ŽŽ–Š‡•‡†‡•‹”‡•ȋŽƒ—ǡͳͻ͸Ͷǡ’ǤͳͻͷȌǤ‘ˆ—Žˆ‹ŽŽŠ‹•‡‡†•ƒ††‡•‹”‡•ǡ‡ƒ…Š

‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ —•– Ž‘‘ ˆ‘” ‘–Š‡” ’‡‘’Ž‡ ™Š‘ …ƒ „‡‡ˆ‹– Š‹Ǥ Š‹• ‡…‘—”ƒ‰‡•

’‡‘’Ž‡–‘…‘‡–‘‰‡–Š‡”™‹–Š’‡‘’Ž‡™Š‘•Šƒ”‡–Š‡•ƒ‡‘”‹‡–ƒ–‹‘ƒ†…ƒ

Š‡Ž’ˆ—Žˆ‹ŽŽ‡ƒ…Š‘–Š‡”̵•‡‡†•ƒ†™ƒ–•Ǥ

Š‡”‡•‡ƒ”…Šƒ„‘˜‡•Š‘™•–Šƒ–•‡˜‡”ƒŽ•‘…‹ƒŽ‡š…Šƒ‰‡’Š‡‘‡ƒ‘……—”

‹–Š‡ƒ–‹Ž†ƒˆ‹Ž„›‘ƒŽ†ƒŠŽǤŠ‡•‘…‹ƒŽ‡š…Šƒ‰‡•‹–Š‡ˆ‹Ž˜ƒ”›ƒ†ƒ”‡

…ƒ—•‡† „› †‹ˆˆ‡”‡– ˆƒ…–‘”•ǡ ƒ‡Ž› ƒ–‹Ž†ƒ̵• Ž‘‡Ž‹‡••ǡ Ž‹„”ƒ”‹ƒ̵• ƒ†˜‹…‡ǡ

ƒ–‹Ž†ƒ̵•Š—‰•ǡˆŽ‘™‡”•ˆ‘”‹••‘‡›ǡ—–—ƒŽŽ‘˜‡ǡ‹••”—…Š„—ŽŽ̵•ƒ‰‡”ǡ

ˆ‘‘Ž‹‰–Š‡ ǡƒ–‹Ž†ƒ̵•ƒ†‘’–‹‘Ǥ SUGGESTION

ƒ•‡† ‘ –Š‡ ˆ‹†‹‰•ǡ †‹•…—••‹‘•ǡ ƒ† …‘…Ž—•‹‘• ƒ„‘—– •‘…‹ƒŽ

‡š…Šƒ‰‡‹–Š‡ƒ–‹Ž†ƒˆ‹Ž–Šƒ–Šƒ•„‡‡†‘‡’”‡˜‹‘—•Ž›ǡ–Š‡”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡”•™‹ŽŽ

’”‡•‡– •‘‡ •—‰‰‡•–‹‘• ˆ‘” –Š‡ †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡– ‘ˆ –Š‹• ”‡•‡ƒ”…ŠǤFirst, –Š‡

”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡”••—‰‰‡•––Š‡”‡ƒ†‡”—†‡”•–ƒ†–Š‡–Š‡‘”›‘ˆ•‘…‹ƒŽ‡š…Šƒ‰‡ˆ‹”•–

„‡ˆ‘”‡ ”‡ƒ†‹‰ –Š‡ ”‡•—Ž–• ‘ˆ –Š‡ †‹•…—••‹‘ –Šƒ– Šƒ• „‡‡ …ƒ””‹‡† ‘—– „› –Š‡

”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡”• •‘ –Šƒ– ƒ —†‡”•–ƒ†‹‰ ‘ˆ –Š‹• ”‡•‡ƒ”…Š …ƒ ‡‡”‰‡ ’”‘’‡”Ž›Ǥ Second, –Š‡”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡”•ˆ‡‡Ž–Šƒ––Š‹•”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‹•–‘‘ˆƒ”ˆ”‘’‡”ˆ‡…–‹‘„‡…ƒ—•‡

‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ› •Š‘”–…‘‹‰• ‹ ‹–Ǥ Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ –Š‡ ”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡”• Š‘’‡ –Šƒ– ‘–Š‡”

”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡”• …ƒ ‹’”‘˜‡ –Š‹• ”‡•‡ƒ”…Š ‹ –Š‡ ˆ—–—”‡Ǥ  ƒ††‹–‹‘ǡ –Š‡

”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡”• ƒŽ•‘ Š‘’‡ –Šƒ– –Š‹• ”‡•‡ƒ”…Š …ƒ „‡ Š‡Ž’ˆ—Ž ˆ‘” –Š‡ ”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡”•

–Š‡•‡Ž˜‡•ƒ†ƒŽŽ”‡ƒ†‡”•Ǥ‘’‡ˆ—ŽŽ›ǡ™‹–Š–Š‹•”‡•‡ƒ”…Šǡ™‡…ƒƒŽŽ—†‡”•–ƒ†

–Šƒ–Š—ƒ•ƒ”‡…”‡ƒ–‡†™‹–Š–Š‡‹”—‹“—‡‡••Ǥ

REFERENCES

—†ƒŠǡǤȋͳͻͲͲȌǤUsus Ilmi Al-Ijtima’Ǥ‡‹”—–ǣƒ””ǦƒŠ†Š‘ŠŽǦ”ƒ„‹››ƒŠǤ

Žƒ—ǡǤǤȋͳͻ͸ͶȌǤJustice in Social ExchangeǤ‘…‹ƒŽ‹“—‹”›.

”‘’ƒœƒ‘ǡ Ǥǡ Ƭ ‹–…Š‡ŽŽǡ Ǥ Ǥ ȋʹͲͲͷȌǤ ‘…‹ƒŽ š…Šƒ‰‡ Š‡‘”›ǣ 

–‡”†‹•…‹’Ž‹ƒ”› ‡˜‹‡™Ǥ Journal of Management, 31ȋ͸Ȍǡ ͺ͹ͶǦͻͲͲǤ

Š––’•ǣȀȀ†‘‹Ǥ‘”‰ȀͳͲǤͳͳ͹͹Ψʹ ͲͳͶͻʹͲ͸͵Ͳͷʹ͹ͻ͸Ͳʹ

ƒŠŽǡǤȋ‹”‡…–‘”ȌǤȋͳͻͻ͸ȌǤMatildaȏ‘–‹‘‹…–—”‡ȐǤ

on Language, Literature and Mediaon Language, Literature and Media

Nur Hasaniyah, Nur Widad Mazaya

ƒ† ƒ„‹Ž‹–‹‡• ‘ˆ ‡ƒ…Š ‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽǤ Š‡ †‡•‹”‡• ’‘••‡••‡† „› Š—ƒ• –‡† –‘

‡š…‡‡† –Š‡‹” ƒ„‹Ž‹–‹‡•ǡ •‘ –Šƒ– ‡ƒ…Š ‘ˆ –Š‡ —•– ƒ• ˆ‘” Š‡Ž’ ˆ”‘ ‘–Š‡”• –‘

ˆ—Žˆ‹ŽŽ–Š‡•‡†‡•‹”‡•ȋŽƒ—ǡͳͻ͸Ͷǡ’ǤͳͻͷȌǤ‘ˆ—Žˆ‹ŽŽŠ‹•‡‡†•ƒ††‡•‹”‡•ǡ‡ƒ…Š

‹†‹˜‹†—ƒŽ —•– Ž‘‘ ˆ‘” ‘–Š‡” ’‡‘’Ž‡ ™Š‘ …ƒ „‡‡ˆ‹– Š‹Ǥ Š‹• ‡…‘—”ƒ‰‡•

’‡‘’Ž‡–‘…‘‡–‘‰‡–Š‡”™‹–Š’‡‘’Ž‡™Š‘•Šƒ”‡–Š‡•ƒ‡‘”‹‡–ƒ–‹‘ƒ†…ƒ

Š‡Ž’ˆ—Žˆ‹ŽŽ‡ƒ…Š‘–Š‡”̵•‡‡†•ƒ†™ƒ–•Ǥ

Š‡”‡•‡ƒ”…Šƒ„‘˜‡•Š‘™•–Šƒ–•‡˜‡”ƒŽ•‘…‹ƒŽ‡š…Šƒ‰‡’Š‡‘‡ƒ‘……—”

‹–Š‡ƒ–‹Ž†ƒˆ‹Ž„›‘ƒŽ†ƒŠŽǤŠ‡•‘…‹ƒŽ‡š…Šƒ‰‡•‹–Š‡ˆ‹Ž˜ƒ”›ƒ†ƒ”‡

…ƒ—•‡† „› †‹ˆˆ‡”‡– ˆƒ…–‘”•ǡ ƒ‡Ž› ƒ–‹Ž†ƒ̵• Ž‘‡Ž‹‡••ǡ Ž‹„”ƒ”‹ƒ̵• ƒ†˜‹…‡ǡ

ƒ–‹Ž†ƒ̵•Š—‰•ǡˆŽ‘™‡”•ˆ‘”‹••‘‡›ǡ—–—ƒŽŽ‘˜‡ǡ‹••”—…Š„—ŽŽ̵•ƒ‰‡”ǡ

ˆ‘‘Ž‹‰–Š‡ ǡƒ–‹Ž†ƒ̵•ƒ†‘’–‹‘Ǥ SUGGESTION

ƒ•‡† ‘ –Š‡ ˆ‹†‹‰•ǡ †‹•…—••‹‘•ǡ ƒ† …‘…Ž—•‹‘• ƒ„‘—– •‘…‹ƒŽ

‡š…Šƒ‰‡‹–Š‡ƒ–‹Ž†ƒˆ‹Ž–Šƒ–Šƒ•„‡‡†‘‡’”‡˜‹‘—•Ž›ǡ–Š‡”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡”•™‹ŽŽ

’”‡•‡– •‘‡ •—‰‰‡•–‹‘• ˆ‘” –Š‡ †‡˜‡Ž‘’‡– ‘ˆ –Š‹• ”‡•‡ƒ”…ŠǤFirst, –Š‡

”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡”••—‰‰‡•––Š‡”‡ƒ†‡”—†‡”•–ƒ†–Š‡–Š‡‘”›‘ˆ•‘…‹ƒŽ‡š…Šƒ‰‡ˆ‹”•–

„‡ˆ‘”‡ ”‡ƒ†‹‰ –Š‡ ”‡•—Ž–• ‘ˆ –Š‡ †‹•…—••‹‘ –Šƒ– Šƒ• „‡‡ …ƒ””‹‡† ‘—– „› –Š‡

”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡”• •‘ –Šƒ– ƒ —†‡”•–ƒ†‹‰ ‘ˆ –Š‹• ”‡•‡ƒ”…Š …ƒ ‡‡”‰‡ ’”‘’‡”Ž›Ǥ Second, –Š‡”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡”•ˆ‡‡Ž–Šƒ––Š‹•”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‹•–‘‘ˆƒ”ˆ”‘’‡”ˆ‡…–‹‘„‡…ƒ—•‡

‘ˆ –Š‡ ƒ› •Š‘”–…‘‹‰• ‹ ‹–Ǥ Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡ǡ –Š‡ ”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡”• Š‘’‡ –Šƒ– ‘–Š‡”

”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡”• …ƒ ‹’”‘˜‡ –Š‹• ”‡•‡ƒ”…Š ‹ –Š‡ ˆ—–—”‡Ǥ  ƒ††‹–‹‘ǡ –Š‡

”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡”• ƒŽ•‘ Š‘’‡ –Šƒ– –Š‹• ”‡•‡ƒ”…Š …ƒ „‡ Š‡Ž’ˆ—Ž ˆ‘” –Š‡ ”‡•‡ƒ”…Š‡”•

–Š‡•‡Ž˜‡•ƒ†ƒŽŽ”‡ƒ†‡”•Ǥ‘’‡ˆ—ŽŽ›ǡ™‹–Š–Š‹•”‡•‡ƒ”…Šǡ™‡…ƒƒŽŽ—†‡”•–ƒ†

–Šƒ–Š—ƒ•ƒ”‡…”‡ƒ–‡†™‹–Š–Š‡‹”—‹“—‡‡••Ǥ

REFERENCES

—†ƒŠǡǤȋͳͻͲͲȌǤUsus Ilmi Al-Ijtima’Ǥ‡‹”—–ǣƒ””ǦƒŠ†Š‘ŠŽǦ”ƒ„‹››ƒŠǤ

Žƒ—ǡǤǤȋͳͻ͸ͶȌǤJustice in Social ExchangeǤ‘…‹ƒŽ‹“—‹”›.

”‘’ƒœƒ‘ǡ Ǥǡ Ƭ ‹–…Š‡ŽŽǡ Ǥ Ǥ ȋʹͲͲͷȌǤ ‘…‹ƒŽ š…Šƒ‰‡ Š‡‘”›ǣ 

–‡”†‹•…‹’Ž‹ƒ”› ‡˜‹‡™Ǥ Journal of Management, 31ȋ͸Ȍǡ ͺ͹ͶǦͻͲͲǤ

Š––’•ǣȀȀ†‘‹Ǥ‘”‰ȀͳͲǤͳͳ͹͹Ψʹ ͲͳͶͻʹͲ͸͵Ͳͷʹ͹ͻ͸Ͳʹ

ƒŠŽǡǤȋ‹”‡…–‘”ȌǤȋͳͻͻ͸ȌǤMatildaȏ‘–‹‘‹…–—”‡ȐǤ

Nur Hasaniyah, Nur Widad Mazaya

‡”•‘ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ȋͳͻ͹͸ȌǤ ‘…‹ƒŽ š…Šƒ‰‡ Š‡‘”›Ǥ Annual Reviews Sociology

‹˜‡”•‹–›‘ˆƒ••ƒ…Š—•‡––•Ǥ

ƒ„”‘Š‹ǤȋʹͲͳʹȌǤTeori Penelitian Sastra.‘‰›ƒƒ”–ƒǣ—•–ƒƒ‡ŽƒŒƒ”Ǥ

‹„‘‰ǡǤǡƬ‹ƒ”ƒ–ƒǡǤȋʹͲʹͲȌǤMedia dan Multimedia Pembelajaran: Teori dan Praktik.‡†ƒǣƒ›ƒ•ƒ‹–ƒ‡—Ž‹•Ǥ

ƒ‰Š”‹„‹ǡǤǤȋͳͻͺͺȌǤAl-Fikr Al-Ijtima’i Inda Ibni KholdunǤŽ‰‡”‹ƒǣ‹™ƒŽǦ Mathbu’in AlǦJami’iyyah.

ƒŽ‹‹ǡ Ǥ ȋʹͲͳʹȌǤRekonstruksi Teori Sosial Modern. ‘‰›ƒƒ”–ƒǣ ƒ†ŒƒŠ ƒ†ƒ

‹˜‡”•‹–›”‡••Ǥ

—Šƒƒ†ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ȋʹͲͳͷȌǤ Bina’ Tashnif Lissuluk Al-Ijtimai: Atta’ayyusy Wattakayyuf Wattaqdir Waliltizam Watta’awwun Walmusyarokah WalindimajǤ‡††ƒŠǣƒƒ”–Ǧƒ”„‹››ƒŠŽǦƒ†‹–•ƒŠǤ

‘Ž‘ƒǡǤǤȋʹͲͲ͹ȌǤSosiologi Kontemporer.ƒƒ”–ƒǣƒŒƒ”ƒˆ‹†‘‡”•ƒ†ƒǤ

‹•™ƒ–‘”‘Ǥ ȋʹͲͲͷȌǤMetode Penelitian Sastra: Analisis Psikologis. —”ƒƒ”–ƒǣ

—Šƒƒ†‹›ƒŠ‹˜‡”•‹–›”‡••Ǥ

—”›ƒ„”ƒ–ƒǡǤȋʹͲͲͷȌǤMetodologi Penelitian.ƒƒ”–ƒǣƒŒƒ”ƒˆ‹†‘‡”•ƒ†ƒǤ

—›ƒ–‘ǡ Ǥǡ Ƭ ƒŽǡ Ǥ Ǥ ȋʹͲͳͲȌǤAnatomi dan Perkembangan Teori Sosial.

‘‰›ƒƒ”–ƒǣ†‹–›ƒ‡†‹ƒǤ

’‡ǡǤȋʹͲͳͲȌǤTradisi Aliran dalam Sosiologi: Dari Filosofi Positivistik ke Post Positivistik.ƒƒ”–ƒǣƒŒƒ”ƒˆ‹†‘‡”•ƒ†ƒǤ

‘‡„ƒœƒ”›ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ȋʹͲͳ͵ȌǤKamus Istilah Televisi dan Film. ƒƒ”–ƒǣ ”ƒ‡†‹ƒ

—•–ƒƒ–ƒƒǤ