Volume 2, Number 2 December 2022
Social Solidarity Action
(Online and Non-Communication Ojek Driver Community in Palangka Raya City)
Ahmad Faris Mudzakki Pascasarjana IAIN Palangka Raya Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT
Social solidarity among online motorcycle taxi drivers is the main goal in an online motorcycle taxi driver community. This can be seen in a community of online motorcycle taxi drivers when conducting associations. However, the association has faded along with the spread of the COVID-19 virus in Indonesia. This makes the community association of online ojek drivers unscheduled and unable to conduct associations between online motorcycle taxi drivers due to the implementation of community activity restrictions (PPKM). With conditions like this, the association of online motorcycle taxi drivers in a community in palangkaraya city is hampered.
This study aims to find out how solidarity occurs between online motorcycle taxi drivers in Palangka Raya city after the Covid-19 pandemic when viewed from the point of view of social solidarity theory. This research uses qualitative-descriptive methods to describe each behavior of the activities of the object under study, so as to produce accurate information, also carried out with a sociological approach. The theory used is social solidarity as formulated by Emile Durkheim. All forms of data collection and processing are carried out by means of surveys as well as the author's participation in the activities of the online motorcycle taxi driver community in the city of Palangkaraya. The results of this study show that online motorcycle taxi drivers who in fact vary in ethnicity, religion and culture play an important role as actors in developing an attitude of social solidarity as a result of disaster fundraising or disaster sesame drivers, gatherings every two weeks on certain days, regular social gatherings that are carried out once a week on Saturdays.
Keywords: Social Solidarity, Online Motorcycle Taxi Drivers, Community, Post-Pandemic, Emile Durkheim
INTRODUCTION
In social life, restoring the values of social solidarity in society so that life of mutual respect and also creating dependence between humans for the creation of common goals is something we need to reinstill.1 Human dependence between one another can encourage the formation of community groups called social groups. A social group is a set or unity of human beings who live together and interact with each other. Human beings have a very
1 P Puspita, ‘Religious Moderation Campaign Through Social Media. In International Conference on Cultures & Languages (ICCL)’, Vol. 1,.No. 1, 699-707).
68 strong social dimension from time immemorial until now no human being can live alone.2 In order for humans to interact with others, it is expected to establish strong social relationships within a group despite different views and beliefs.3
Initially, the formation of this group can begin with the existence of thoughts, perceptions, goals and motivations that arise from each of these individuals, since we would not be able to live without the help of others,4 Therefore, in order to create a solid life and help each other, it is hoped that in social life can carry out activities that help each other towards sesame,5 Social interaction will proceed in an orderly and orderly manner if individuals in society can act according to their social context, that is, actions adapted to the social situation.
One example of a social group that is able to show strong social solidarity is the online motorcycle taxi driver group. Online motorcycle taxi is a means of public transportation that can be used by all social groups. Online transportation activities are currently being discussed, in addition to easy ordering methods using android or ios system applications, ordering through applications also makes online motorcycle taxis can be accepted quickly by the wider community.
In palangka raya city, online motorcycle taxis are the main means of transportation that is mostly used by the general public, and the existence of online motorcycle taxis brings prosperity to the community. The emergence of online motorcycle taxis can help people's economic welfare, namely for people who work as online motorcycle taxi drivers, they will get additional income by utilizing the vehicles and Android phones they have.
Online motorcycle taxi drivers in Palangka Raya city show a solid social phenomenon among groups of online motorcycle taxi drivers. Such as helping each other, trusting each other, and respecting each other's differences among online motorcycle taxi drivers. This happens because online motorcycle taxi drivers often gather together somewhere between online motorcycle taxi drivers when doing their work and outside of their work as online motorcycle taxis, thus having a positive impact on the people of
2 H. Rianti, H., Syaipullah, S., Muslimah, M., & Hamdanah, ‘Islamic Education Value In The Process Of Manejek Huma (Membangun Rumah) For Dayak Kahayan/Ngaju (Biaju) At Bahaur Hulu Village’, 1(1), 2021, 67-75.
3 C. D. Muslimah, M., Lestari, E. P., Hamidah, W., Jhufriyah, J., Fajar, R., Firmansyah, Y., ... & Darnita,
‘Sinergitas Mahasiswa Dan Masyarakat Dalam Memberdayakan Permainan Voli Berbingkai Moderasi Beragama’, Prosiding Konferensi Nasional Pengabdian Masyarakat, 2021, 131-141.
4 A. B. Almagribi, ‘Motivasi Filantropi Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Di Panti Asuhan Berkah Palangka Raya’, Prosiding Konferensi Nasional Pengabdian Masyarakat, 2021, 172-185.
5 Abdurrahman, ‘Jurnal Pendidikan Islam’, Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 13.1 (2023), 16–34
<https://doaj.org/article/1e8aebf063e94d09a7eb93f04cf4b8fd>.
Palangka Raya City, especially for online motorcycle taxi drivers. However, since the emergence of the Covid-19 pandemic, the social solidarity that has occurred between online motorcycle taxi drivers, both community and non-community, has faded. This is because of the regulation on the implementation of restrictions on community activities (PPKM). So that online motorcycle taxi drivers unable to do gatherings with other drivers as usual. This is in line with government regulations that the Implementation of Restrictions on Social Activities has been established with the aim of preventing the spread of covid-19 from becoming more widespread. In addition, the government also established Large Scale Restrictions (PSBB) in order to accelerate the handling of Covid-19 in Indonesia.
Amalia, in her research explained that the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in changes that occur both from rhythmacy and lack of social interaction. Meanwhile, according to priantoro, he explained that social interaction will be disrupted by a situation, causing people to be hampered in interacting to establish their relationships. Meanwhile, Andayani explained that the COVID-19 pandemic caused disruption of various aspects of life, such as the difficulty of meeting basic needs, to the deterioration of social relations that had been felt by some participants. Utoro and Dinardinata in their research explained that there is a positive relationship between religiosity and altruism in each group or community.
Based on previous research that has been described above, solidarity is important in a community so that in that community can achieve familiarity between these communities. This is in line with Sumual's opinion, that Solidarity is important in a community environmental group. The importance of solidarity in life is to as a tool achieve a goal and familiarity in the social relations of each individual.
In line with the presentation above which explains the importance of solidarity in a community, this study aims to find out how solidarity occurs between online motorcycle taxi drivers in the city of Palangka Raya after the Covid-19 pandemic when viewed from the point of view of social solidarity theory according to Emile Durkheim.
METHOD
This research uses a quality-descriptive method to describe the behavior of each activity of the object under study,6 resulting in accurate information. This research was also carried out with a sociological approach and the theory used was social solidarity as
6 M Norhilaliyah, N., & Muslimah, ‘Memahami Hakekat Penelitian Dalam Pandangan Sains Dan Al-Qurâ€TM An’, In Proceedings of Palangka Raya International and National Conference on Islamic Studies (PINCIS), (Vol. 1, N.
70 formulated by Emile Durkheim. All forms of data collection and processing are carried out by means of surveys and also the author's participation in the activities of the online motorcycle taxi driver community in Palangkaraya. This research was also conducted in a structured manner so that it could find out the social solidarity activities studied in this study.
RESULT
Hasil berisi jawaban dari permasalahan penelitian secara kuantitatif dan/atau kualitatif secara jelas, tepat dan lengkap yang dapat menggunakan informasi dalam bentuk gambar/grafik/tabel/uraian secara aktual.
DISCUSSION AND FINDINGS
Emile Durkheim's Theory of Social Solidarity
The definition of social solidarity according to Emile Durkheim is as follows:
"Solidarity is a feeling of mutual trust between members in a group or community. If people trust each other then they will become one/become a friendship, become respectful of each other, become compelled to take responsibility and pay attention to the interests of others."
From this understanding, it can be concluded that social solidarity is the existence of mutual trust, mutual responsibility, mutual trust between each other, as well as solidarity between individuals as members of the group/community, because of the emotional and moral sense that grows in the soul of a person who is held together so as to make individuals feel comfortable in the community,7 as felt by Palangkaraya online motorcycle taxi drivers.
From a sociological perspective, the familiarity between the palangkaraya online motorcycle taxi diver community group is not only a tool to realize its ideals, but the familiarity of social relations is the main goal of the palangkaraya online motorcycle taxi driver community. The situation of the group that is getting stronger then which will cause a sense of mutual belonging between fellow online motorcycle taxi drivers and strong emotions among fellow driver members. Solidarity is also solidarity between members of a group as well as online motorcycle taxi drivers in Palangkaraya city.
Forms of Solidarity
Regarding the social solidarity of online motorcycle taxi drivers, Durkheim sees that society will be solid if each individual trusts each other, unites and is responsible for each other. One of the main components of online motorcycle taxi drivers that concerns Emile
7 A. Muslimah, M., Hamdanah, H., & Syar’i, ‘Becoming a Tolerant Muslim: Of Dayak Converts.’, Jurnal Penelitian, 18(2), 197-208.
Durkheim in the development of familiarity and mutual trust is his form of solidarity. Online motorcycle taxi drivers who are non-community in nature have a different form of solidarity from the form of solidarity of online motorcycle taxi drivers who are community. As George Ritzer wrote in his book as follows:
Durkheim is most interested in the changing ways that generate social solidarity, in other words, the changing ways that unite society and how its members see themselves as part of a whole. To capture these differences, Emile Durkheim refers to two types of solidarity, namely Mechanical and Organic. A society characterized by mechanical solidarity is united because everyone is a generalist. The bond between people is because they are all engaged in similar activities and have similar responsibilities. On the contrary, a society characterized by organic solidarity is united by differences between people, by the fact that all have different duties and responsibilities".8
From the expression above, there is a difference between online motorcycle taxi drivers who are non-community and online motorcycle taxi drivers who are community. A non-community online motorcycle taxi driver feels that he is united in the driver community in general or as a whole because he feels that all online motorcycle taxi drivers are the same that can unite other online motorcycle taxi drivers because he feels that he has the same activities and has the same obligations and responsibilities.
Meanwhile, online motorcycle taxi drivers who are community feel that they are united in a certain group where each online motorcycle taxi driver has different tasks, namely in addition to his main task as an online motorcycle taxi driver as well as additional tasks that have been set by the community, so that he has a high dependence between his fellow members. To see this difference, Durkheim divided solidarity into two types, namely mechanical and organic.
a. Mechanical solidarity
A simple, unified society with many similarities is included in mechanical solidarity.
Mechanical solidarity is solidarity that is tied up because of collective consciousness, in this society does not yet know the name of the division of labor. Each member has the same job, there is no interdependence between them. "mechanical solidarity places more emphasis on a state of collective consciousness, which rests on the totality of beliefs and shared sentiments that on average exist in the citizens of the same society"1 Mechanical solidarity
8 M Hidayah, A. T. S., Sardimi, S., & Muslimah, ‘Manusia, Alam Semesta Dan Kebutuhan’, In Proceedings of Palangka Raya International and National Conference on Islamic Studies (PINCIS), (Vol. 1, N.
72 is something that depends on individuals who share the same traits and adhere to the same beliefs and norms. Therefore the nature of individuality does not develop, this individual will constantly be paralyzed by enormous pressure for conformity.
Mechanical solidarity can be reflected in a person's behavior towards others in the work environment and can be seen when a disaster or incident occurs that happens to one of his co-workers that triggers to be able to help others.
b. Organic solidarity
A complex society united with differences belongs to organic solidarity,9 Organic solidarity is a solidarity that binds people who have known a detailed division of labor and are united by interdependence between parts.10 Each member performs a different role, among various roles there is a dependency between the parts of a biological organism.
Because of this interdependence, the absence of certain role holders will result in disruption to the survival of the community.11
Factors Affecting Social Solidarity between community Online Ojek drivers and non-community online Ojek drivers after the COVID-19 pandemic
There are many factors that affect social solidarity between community online motorcycle taxi drivers and non-community online motorcycle taxi drivers, one of which is because they feel that there is a family bond. From the answers that have been given by several informants in the field that family ties can be able to affect social solidarity between online motorcycle taxi drivers.
Online motorcycle taxi drivers who are community and non-community in Palangkaraya are still very concerned and prioritize social solidarity with family ties. It can be seen through interviews with informants in the field that the term kinship of online motorcycle taxi drivers in Palangkaraya is not only through blood relationships, but all online motorcycle taxi drivers are families and must uphold each other's strong brotherhood and social solidarity.
Furthermore, the factor that affects the social solidarity of online motorcycle taxi drivers is the religious factor. With the presence of adherents of religious beliefs among
9 I Matitale, V. T., Jeniva, I., Alberto, J. L., Arianti, S., Nurjanah, S., Sinaga, E. R., ... & Haliza, ‘PAGELARAN SENI BUDAYA ANTAR ETNIS DALAM MEWUJUDKAN MODERASI BERAGAMA’, RAMBIDEUN: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 7(1), 1-8.
10 H Hamdanah, H., Muslimah, M., & Muslimah, ‘Exploration Of The Value Of Islam-Based Multicultural Education In Local Wisdom Traditions National Culture Adab.’, Jurnal At-Tarbiyat: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 2023, 6(2).
11 Alfina Rahmatia, Arief Dwi Saputra, and Muslimah, ‘Online Business Practices: A Study OfIslamic Business Ethics Perspectivein Indonesia’, 2021, 6.
online motorcycle taxi drivers, both Islamic and non-Islamic motorcycle taxi drivers, online motorcycle taxi drivers argue that all religions teach each other to help and respect each other, this is in accordance with what Maulida said that religion can be used as a motivating factor,12 because religion can also be used as a means of helping each other both in terms of kindness and to establish friendships.13 The next factor is because there is one sense that is equal is the nature of social solidarity between online motorcycle taxi drivers in palangkaraya city. Online motorcycle taxi drivers in Palangkaraya city think that what one driver feels, it will be a taste for other drivers as well. Until now, this sense of harmony is still very clearly seen in the environment of online motorcycle taxi drivers in Palangkaraya City. The nature of one taste makes all online motorcycle taxi drivers in Palangkaraya city will realize that they have the same job, and the same responsibility of providing for children and wives at home.
Other factors that affect social solidarity between online motorcycle taxi drivers include stronger ties between drivers and greater enthusiasm to complete work orders because they are tempted by bonuses and fear of sanctions when rejecting orders or ignoring orders. This means that bonuses are one of the factors that can increase social solidarity between online motorcycle taxi drivers because with bonuses, online motorcycle taxi drivers become more enthusiastic about working and helping each other between online motorcycle taxi drivers so that they get the bonus. In addition, penalties or sanctions are also a factor in increasing solidarity,14 because with these sanctions, online motorcycle taxi drivers are more careful and friendly to consumers in carrying out their orders.
Forms of Social Solidarity between online ojek drivers community and non- community online ojek drivers
The form of social solidarity between community online motorcycle taxi drivers and non-community online motorcycle taxi drivers after the Covid-19 pandemic according to the authors obtained in the field research there are several forms including working together with each other online motorcycle taxi drivers in order to create positive activities to help each other, this is in line with what Fitria explained, that the term mutual aid will
12 I. Maulida, M., Muslimah, M., Hidayati, N., Musyarafah, M., & Andriani, ‘Upaya Meningkatkan Spiritualitas Masyarakat Melalui Program Khusus Ramadhan Rri Palangka Raya Islam Menjawab Tahun 2021’, Prosiding Konferensi Nasional Pengabdian Masyarakat, 2021, 121-130.
13 M. Muslimah, ‘TOLERANSI DALAM KEHIDUPAN MULTIKULTUR DI SMP NEGERI 2 ARUT SELATAN.’, Jurnal Transformatif (Islamic StudiesIslamic Studies, 1(2), 2017, 259-288.
14 M. Aprilliana, E. S., Wahdah, N., & Muslimah, ‘Pengaruh Harga, Tren, Dan Religiusitas Di Masa Covid-19 Terhadap Minat Beli Pakaian Syari Secara Online Pada Mahasiswi Iain Palangka Raya’, At-Taradhi: Jurnal Studi Ekonomi, 12(1), 81-94.
74 refer to activities that are of social solidarity value to each other in society.15 The tradition of mutual cooperation is seen in various community activities Based on what was explained by several informants in the field to the author that the attitude of social solidarity that must be done is to regenerate the nature of mutual help and help in carrying out activities or work.16 This has been done and has been realized by online motorcycle taxi drivers both community and non-community in the city of Palangkaraya. Help is a religious commandment to help each other accomplish a work or activity.17 The goal is to maintain relationships between fellow online motorcycle taxi drivers which is also a worship charity for provisions in the afterlife. As the interpretation of the Quranic verses in the word of Allah SWT surah Al-Maidah Ayat-2 the last part of the verse which obliges believers to help each other with fellow human beings in terms of kindness and piety.18
The verse shows that helping each other is a worship and command from Allah swt.19 So when the online motorcycle taxi drivers in palangkaraya city carry out social solidarity activities by helping then directly they have carried out the teachings of the commandments from Allah swt. And these mutual help activities have been carried out since the beginning of their employment as online motorcycle taxi drivers both community and non-community in palangkaraya city. So that mutual help activities for online motorcycle taxi drivers are a habit of current drivers that cannot be eliminated.
Please help between online motorcycle taxi drivers in palangkaraya city, namely when one of the drivers is affected by a disaster such as a tire popping, accident on the road, or being attacked by a disease, then the other online motorcycle taxi drivers will participate in helping to ease the burden online motorcycle taxi drivers who are affected by disasters by using energy or donations in the form of money. Because according to palangkaraya online motorcycle taxi drivers, there is no difference between one driver and another, both
15 N Fitria, M Muslimah, and I Qalyubi, ‘Distribusi Bantuan Sosial Bagi Masyarakat Terdampak Covid-19 Di Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah Menurut Perspektif Islam’, Daun Lontar: Jurnal …, 1, 2021, 186–99
<http://www.komunitasdaunlontar.or.id/ojs.komunitasdaunlontar.or.id/index.php/jkdl/article/view/11 2%0Ahttp://www.komunitasdaunlontar.or.id/ojs.komunitasdaunlontar.or.id/index.php/jkdl/article/dow nload/112/55>.
16 Rianti, H., Syaipullah, S., Muslimah, M., & Hamdanah.
17 Y. Darnitha, C. D., Brosly, B., Lestari, E. P., Maulidina, H. A., Jhufriyah, J., Rinto, R., ... & Firmansyah,
‘Pengabdian Dan Asa Sebuah Pengalaman Di Pager.’
18 R Muzalifah, M., Rahmah, S. T., Abubakar, A., Mahfuzh, T. W., Muslimah, M., Baitullah, S., ... & Wahyudi,
‘Peningkatan Nilai Produk Jahe Merah Melalui Pengarusutamaan Jender Dalam Bingkai Moderasi Agama Sebagai Modal Sosial Di Kalampangan Palangka Raya’, Prosiding Konferensi Nasional Pengabdian Masyarakat, 2021, 17-30.
19 M Tang S, ‘Transformasi Konsep Pendidikan Tauhid KH Abdullah Said’, Aswaja Pressindo., 2017.
drivers who participate in the special driver community and drivers who do not join the special community.
The next form of solidarity is mutual respect and respect for the opinions and views of online motorcycle taxi drivers in palangkaraya city. With mutual respect and mutual respect, there will be a strong bond of brotherhood among online motorcycle taxi drivers even though there are differences in religion, ethnicity, race, and customs adopted,20 by each online motorcycle taxi driver. As is also found in the jalalain interpretation of surah al- hujurat verse 13 which explains that Allah swt has created man from the male and female classes is to know each other.
The verse explains that Allah swt has made people nations and tribes, despite differing views and beliefs with the aim of getting to know each other,21 and this has been done by online motorcycle taxi drivers in palangkaraya city, both those who are community groups and those who do not participate in certain communities. According to online motorcycle taxi drivers, differences of opinion and views are a very natural thing to happen among drivers, so that online motorcycle taxi drivers can understand the differences that occur when conducting association activities in an online motorcycle taxi community.
The life of mutual respect and mutual respect between online motorcycle taxi drivers in palangkaraya city is reflected in the lives of drivers when carrying out any social activities. The drivers strongly uphold a sense of brotherhood of mutual respect and Appreciate and make this a consequence of social life, according to drivers with differences, life will be interesting and diverse in every view which will then make the life of social solidarity of drivers become united and can foster good relationships between drivers and each other. The drivers of online motorcycle taxis understand the differences that occur among them and assume that it is a sunnatullah that must be understood together as the interpretation of al-misbah from the word of Allah swt surah alkafirun verse 6 explains that for you it is the religion you believe in, and for me the religion that Allah allows me.22
From the interpretation of the verse, online motorcycle taxi drivers, especially those who are Muslims, think that there is no coercion in their opinions when gathering with other online motorcycle taxi drivers. Social solidarity needs to be formed in a community so that
20 M Muslimah, ‘Penanaman Nilai-Nilai Agama Dalam Keluarga (Upaya Menanamkan Nilai Tanggung Jawab, Studi Serial Usia Anak) Di Pangkalan Bun.’, 2015.
21 A Tang S, M., Muslimah, M., & Riadi, ‘THE CONCEPTS OF MULTICULTURAL EDUCATION Abstract IN AL- QURAN SURAH AL-HUJURAT VERSE 11-13. Syamil’;, Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam, 8(2), 2020, 120-133.
22 H. Sudarto, S., Agustini, S., Muntiara, M., Bahrudin, C., Rahmiah, R., Prasetyawan, R., ... & Muin, ‘Bunga Rampai’, Pendidikan Agama Islam, 2019.
76 every individual in the community can work together to help each other in times of joy and sorrow, ease the burden of people who are hit by disasters or who are just happy, ups and downs are lived together for a solid and solid solidarity.
CONCLUSION
Based on the results of the research conducted, it can be concluded that the factors that affect social solidarity between community online motorcycle taxi drivers and non- community online motorcycle taxi drivers after the Covid-19 pandemic, which in fact have various tribes, baasa, customs and religions, are because they feel that there are family ties among fellow online motorcycle taxi drivers who also feel the same, namely working as online motorcycle taxi drivers and have the same responsibility to their families to be supported. The forms of social solidarity between community online ojek drivers and non- community online motorcycle taxi drivers in palangkaraya city are mutual help to fellow drivers in the form of fundraising in the event of a disaster or disaster, mutual trust, and mutual respect and respect for the different views of each individual.
REFERENCESS
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Aprilliana, E. S., Wahdah, N., & Muslimah, M., ‘Pengaruh Harga, Tren, Dan Religiusitas Di Masa Covid-19 Terhadap Minat Beli Pakaian Syari Secara Online Pada Mahasiswi Iain Palangka Raya’, At-Taradhi: Jurnal Studi Ekonomi, 12(1), 81-94.
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