On some new or rare birds from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia

PROCEEDINGS

OFTHE

BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

ON SOME NEW OR RARE BIRDS FROM THE SIERRA NEVADA DE SANTA MARTA, ^COLOMBIA.

BY OUTRAM BANGS.

From

the latter part of

January

^until early April, 1899,

Mr.

Wilmot W. _Brown,

_{Jr., collected,}

nearly continuously,

ⁱⁿ

the

Sierra

Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia,

visiting

many

^different

stationsat altitudes

ranging from

_3,000 to15,000 ^feet.

During

this

period he obtained more than

_1,300birds.

The

collection contains

many

species

which he had not previously

taken,

some

of

which

are

new,

^{besides seriesof}

many

^of

^the

rarer species

pre viously known only from a few specimens.

At a

future

date

I intend,

with Mr. Brown's

_help,to give

a complete

list,

with

field-notes, of all

the

birds

he has

collected in these

mountains. In the present

paper,

the

fourth

on the

birds of this region.* ^I

merely

^describe

^the new

forms,

record

additional

specimens

^ofa

^few

^{ofthe rarer}species,

and

_give

those not

_previous!}^5-

taken by ^{Mr. Brown.}

Three gentlemen who have been extremely kind

^to

Mr. Brown

while

in

Colombia, and

to

whom

I

wish

to

express my ^thanks

for

the

aid

they have rendered him,

^are

Theodoro

V.

Henriquez, U.

S.

consul

at

Rio Hacha; ^Pedro

Christoffel,

Indian _inspector

of

the

Sierra

Nevada, and M.

_Carr,

H. M. consul

at

Santa Marta.

Again,

^I

am under

great obligations^to

Mr. Robert Ridgway and

Dr.

Chas. W. Richmond

for

allowing the use

^ofthe collection of birds in the

National Museum, and

ⁱⁿ

giving me valuable

assist

ance

in

determining many

species. ^I

am

also greatly

indebted

to

my

friend,

Mr. Chas.

F.

Batch

_{elder, for}his

kindness

in

allow

ing

me

to

examine the Lafresnaye types

ⁱⁿ

the

collection of

the Boston

_{Society of}

Natural

History, of

which he

is curator.

*See Proc. Biol. Soc.Wash., XII, pp. 131-144, 157-160, 171-182, ^1898.

22 BIOI.. Soc. WASH., VOL. XIII, ¹⁸⁹⁹ (91)

92 Bangs On Some Birds from Santa Marta, Colombia.

(NOTE. ^All

measurements

arein millimeters. Colors,

when

definite

names

are used, followRidgway's^'NomenclatureofColors.') Actitis

macularia

_(Linn.).

One

adult female,

La

Conception, Mar.23, 1899.

Aramides

axillaris Lawr.

One

adult male, Chiiiia,Mar. _13, 1899.

Qypagus papa

(Linn.).

Threeadults a male from El

Paramo

de

Macotama,

11,000 feet; one from Chirua_;

and

afemale from

La

Concepcion.

Falco

rufigularis Daud.

One

adult male, from

La

Concepcion, Mar. 31, 1899.

Amazona mercenaria

_(Tsch.).

Two

_males,from

Paramo

de Chiruqua, 11,000^feet.

Aulacorhamphus

lautus Bangs.

Four

adults,both _sexes, from Chirua

and La

Concepcion. ^Allagree closelywith thetype from SanMiguel.

Pharomachrus

festatus^* _sp. nov.

Three specimens fromChirua, oneadult male,

two

adult females.

Type,from _Chirua,

Colombia

; altitude, 7,000^feet. No. 6235, J* adult, coll.of E.A.

and

_{0. Bangs.} CollectedMar._{20, 1899,}

by W. W. _Brown,

Jr.

Specific characters. Intermediate in _size,

between

P. antisianus

and

P.

auriceps; billintermediatein_size,

between

thebillsof these

two

species;

adult_<5\ withthe threeoutermostrectriceswhiteatends(both outer

and

inner

webs

white,quillsblack),^restoftailblack; adult 9,withthe three outermostrectriceswhiteatends, crossedlower

down _by

blackbars.

Color. Adult

$

^: Head, back,

rump,

^breast, upper tail-coverts,

and

wing-coverts metallic green, in

some

_{lightsbronzy,}thistone

more

notice ableon _{head, throat,}

and

_upper tail-coverts;

abdomen and

under tail- coverts scarlet vermilion; primaries, secondaries, ^tertials

and

greater coverts black; flanks

and

sidesblack, the black feathersmostly^concealed;

tail black, the three outermost rectrices with _grayish white _{ends, the} quillsblack totheirends; white

end

on outer rectrix

50mm.

long,

on

next rectrix 59

mm.

long,

and

on third 32

mm.

_long; ^'bill yellow^{; iris} hazel;

'

f feetbrownishblack.

*Festatus, dressedin festal attire.

t

Noted by

^Mr.

Brown

fromfresh specimen.

from Marta, Colombia.

Adult

9

>lessbrilliantthanthe

$

^{; throat}

^and

^breast

^{much mixed}

^with

drab

brown;

outer edges of primaries yellowish

brown;

^tail black, the threeoutermost rectrices with deep white tips, the lower _{part of}white tipcrossed

by two

^{or threeblack bars; outermostrectrixwiththreewhite} spots

on

outer

web

below lower cross-bar_; second rectrix with

one

white _spoton outer

web

below lowercross-bar;

'

iris

brown

_;^'*billyel.

lowishbrown.

Measurements. Type, ^adult tf^:

Wing,

190; tail, 157; tarsus, 20; ex posed culmen,^19.

Topotypes,^adult 9, No. ^6236:

Wing,

188; tail, 158.4; tarsus,20; ex posed culmen,^18.4.

Adult _9, No. 6237:

Wing,

189;tail, 158; tarsus, 19.6; exposed ^cul

men,

^18.4.

Inthe adult_tf the longest upper tail-covert projects 48

mm. _beyond

thetail.

Remarks.

Had

Mr.

Brown

taken but

one

specimenofthis finetrogon Ishouldhave been inclinedtoregard^itasa hybrid

between

P.antislanm

and

P. auriceps. Three examples, however, each one

showing

^thecharac

tersequallywell,disprove

any

^{such idea.}

The

_typeis&fully adultmale, there^is

no

trace ofbrownishonthe outer edges of theprimaries, the^{bill is}whollyyellow,

and

the breastwholly metallic.

The

difference in size

and

the peculiartail,unlike that of either of the related species,distinguish this

new

_trogon,

which

isprobably^confined tothe Sierra

Nevada

de SantaMarta.

Trogon personatus

Gould.

Eightspecimens, both _sexes, from_Chirua,

La

Concepcion,

and Maco-

tama.

Chloronerpes yucatanensis

uropygialis (Cab.).

Four_specimens,both_sexes,from

La

_Concepcion

and

San_Miguel. All agree exactlywithCabanis' description

and

with specimens^intheU. S.

National

Museum

fromCostaRica. This_form,

which

_rangesfrom Costa Hica southward, ^isdistinguishedfrom the

more

northern C.yucatanensis

by

^thegolden-brownback, the back of true C. yucatanensisbeinggreen.

Pygmornis

stiiigularisGould.

Two

males from

La

Concepcion, altitude 3,000^feet.

Leucuria

phalerata Bangs.

One

adult

male

from

Paramo

de

Macotama,

11,000 feet, Mar. _11, 1899.

This specimen,^{in fine}plumage,^isjust likethe type,except^thatthebill

isalittlelonger.

*Noted

by

^Mr.

Brown

fromfreshspecimen.

94 Bangs On Some Birds from Santa Marta, Colombia.

Lafresnaya

gayiBourc.

and

Muls.

Four

_specimens, three males

and

one female, from

Macotama,

^San Miguel,

and Paramo

de Chiruqua.

Rhamphomicron

^dorsaleSalv.

^and Godm.

Four

_specimens.

An

adultfemale

and two

adultmaleswere takenat

Pa ramo

de Chiruqua,^attheedgeofthesnow, on Mar.²⁵

and

Feb.25, 1399, atan altitude of 15,000 ^feet.

A _{young male}

taken at

La

Concepcion, Feb. _{16, 1899, at3,000}feet, is

much

likethe adult female,having^agreen back

and

_{spottedunderparts}; itstail,however, ^islikethat of the adult male,except ^that the ends of the feathers are decidedly tipped with white.

Anthocephala

floriceps (Gould).

Nine

_specimens, from Pueblo_{Viejo(8,000 feet),} Santa_Cruz,

La Con

cepcion,

San

Francisco,

and

Chirua.

Four

are adult males,

two

adult females,

and

three

young

^males.

The

female has alreadybeendescribed

by

^{Messrs. Salvin}

and Godman.

Itdiffers fromthe

male

in lacking the

crown

patch, thetop of the

head

_beingdullcopperygreen,

much

likethe colorof therump.

The

tail iscolored alike inboth sexes; that of the female, however, hasthe central rectricesnarrower.

The whole

tail isa

littleshorter

and

smaller than in the adult male.

The _young

male is

similartothe adult female.

Mr. Brown-

was

_especially

on

thelookout forthelocal species of

hum

mers,

none

ofwhich, except ^{Metallura districta} (described below)

and

Panychlorarussata,

seem

tobe_{easyto get.} Beforehe startedon hissec

ond

_trip

he

carefully studied the plates

and

descriptions of Oxypogoncy- analxmus

and

Campylopterus phainopeplus,^{so as to}

know

the birdsatonce, but duringnearly three

months

of activecollectinghe never

saw

a_living

example

^{of either}species.

Metallura

districta* _sp.nov.

Sixteen specimens from PuebloViejo(8,000feet),

La

Concepcion,

San

Miguel,

Paramo

de

Macotama, Macotama and Paramo

de Chiruqua.

Type, from

San

Miguel, Colombia; altitude,7,500 ^feet. No. _6223,

9

adult, ^coll. of E. A.

and

0. Bangs. Collected Feb. _{6, 1899,}

by W. W.

Brown,

^Jr.

Specific characters. Adult

$

^with

^much

^the general appearance^ofM.

smaragdinicollis,except^thattherectricesarewider_; thecolorof thetail is

more

auricular purple,^lesstrulyviolet;

under

tail-coverts buffy; adult

9

differing from

9

^{of M.}smaragdinicollisⁱⁿ being paler

on

throat

and

breast,

and

ofa

more

uniform_color,

and

inbeing very

much

lessspotted with green^below.

Color. Adult_tf:

Upper

surface dark,shininggrassgreen^; wings dark purplish

brown

;

bend

of

wing

^rufous; undersurfaceshininggrass green,

*Districtus, busy, occupied.

from Santa Marta, Colombia.

somewhat

varied by dusky,^whitish,

and

_{buff edges}

and

bases of

some

of the_feathers,the buff

showing most

^onbreast

and

the

dusky and

^whitish on center of

abdomen

; luminous throat patch glittering grass green;

partiallyconcealed woolly^feathersoncenter of belly

and

flanks white;

under tail-coverts ochraceous-buff with faint green ^central spots; tail,

below, shining auricular purple; above,ⁱⁿ

some

lights,auricular purple, in _others, dark shining grass green. Adult _?, above shining grass green; below, throat ochraceous-rufous,gradually

becoming

ochraceous- buffon chest

and

center of

'abdomen

; sides spotted with shininggrass green; undertail-coverts ochraceous-buffwith duskycentral spots; ^tail smallerthanin the_<j\ allthe outer rectrices tipped with buff.

Young

$

^{similar to adult} 9> hut with ^rather

more

_green

on

_sides; older

$

similartoadultcJ

1

,butlacking theluminousthroat patch.

Measurements. Adult_<3\ No. _6232,from

Paramo

de

Macotama

^: _Wing,

60; tail,44; culmen,12.6; widthof centralrectrix,^10.8. Adult

$

(type)^:

Wing,

53; tail, 34.4; culmen, 12.4; widthof central _rectrix, 8.2.

Remarks. _Strangely

enough

^{M.districta bears a}

much

_{strongersuper}

ficial resemblance tothefar-away M. smaragdinicollis, as pointed^out

by

Messrs. Salvin

and Godman _{and by}

myself, than it does toits nearest neighbor, M. tyrianthina, of Venezuela

and

Colombia.

The

_splendid

seriessecured lastwinter

by

^Mr.

Brown

proves, ^as

might

^beexpected, that the_slightdifferences

between

the Sierra

Nevada

de Santa

Marta

bird

and

M. smaragdinicollis are_perfectlyconstant.

Ochthodieeta pernix

^*sp.nov.

Type,

and

only specimen, from

Macotama,

Colombia; altitude,9,000^feet.

No. 6004, J! adult,^coll. of E. A.

and

_{O. Bangs.} Collected Feb. 4, 1899,

by W. W. Brown,

^Jr.

Specific characters.

Not

like

any

other speciesⁱⁿ the genus.

Color.

Upper

parts bister, slightly darker

on

head

and

_upper tail- coverts_; wings dusky, wing-coverts

and

secondariesedged with ferrugi nous,finner

webs

ofsecondaries ferruginous,except^the

dusky

tip,lower half of inner

webs

of primaries ferruginous; tail dusky, ^outer

web

of outer rectrix ferruginous; throat white, streaked with _olive; breast olive eachfeather darkestat center, lighter atedges

and

oftenbordered with ferruginous, giving a streakedappearance; belly

and

crissum ferru ginous; ^sides ferruginous, slightly shaded with _olive; a blackish spot directly infront of_{eye, rest}ofloreswhitish; lining of

wing

ferruginous;

feet

and

billblack.

Measurements. Type, ^adult tf^:

Wing,

103; tail, 83; tarsus, 25.6; ex posed culmen, ^21.2.

Remarks. 0.pernix^is wholly^differentfromeither 0.fumigatus of

Co

lombiaor 0. lugubrisof Merida. Perhaps^{itsnearest relativeis}0. fusco.

*Pernix, quick,active, nimble.

fThe

color called'ferruginous'^isnot quite the ferruginous of Ridg- way, but^{israther duller.}

On

_{the wings}itinclinestowardhazel

and on

theunderparts^{it is}alittleblended witholive.

96 Bangs On ^n/r Birds from ^Santa Maria, Colombia.

rufus of Bolivia

and

southernPeru. It differs

much,

however, from^that birdinitsstreaked throat

and

_breast,as wellas inotherdetailsof color ing. Although smaller, ⁱⁿa general

way O.pemix

suggests Myiotheretes striaticollii*,

which

occurs in the

same

_regionwith it.

The two

are, of course, verydifferent in detail, buttheirsuperficial resemblanceis quite striking.

Ochthoeca

poliogastra Salv.

and Godm.

Fourteen specimens, taken^{atallstations}

between

9,000

and

12,000feet.

On

Mr.

Brown's

first triphe took only a single specimen ^{ofthis local} species.

Platyrhynchus

albogulaiis ^Scl.

One

female from

La

Conception, 3,000feet, Jan. _{29, 1899.}

Euscarthmus granadensis

^Hartl.

One

male from

La

Conception,^{Jan. 29, 1899.}

Hapalocercus paulus*

sp. nov.

Ten

specimens fromChirua,

La

_Conception

and San

_Miguel.

Type fromChirua, Colombia; altitude,7,000 ^feet. No. _6115,

$

adult, coll.of E. A.

and

O.Bangs. CollectedMar._17,1899,

by W. W. Brown,

^Jr.

SpecificcJiaracters. NearestH.fulviceps(Scl.)of

Ecuador and

_Peru,but rufous

crown

patch narrower

and

shorter, notreaching eye nor^{bill; sides} of

head

notdistinctly rufus; also differingindetailsofcoloration.

Color.

Above

dull olive; wings dark hair-brown, withpaler

and more

drab edges^; greater

and

middlecoverts tippedwithIsabellacolor_(in

some

specimens

cinnamon)

forming

two wing

bars; inner

webs

oftertials

and

secondariesbroadly edged withbuff; ^tailhair

brown

witlislight^Isabella color -edges

and

tip;

head

subcrested, vertical feathers orange-rufous basally; sidesof

crown and

forehead like back_{; lores,} auriculars,

and

orbital ring ^dull cinnamon, very ^{different in color}from _crest; throat, breast,

and

center of belly whitish,with an ill-defined

and

indistinct darker_pectoral

band

; sides, flanks,

and

undertail-covertsstraw-yellow, darkest

and

_{slightlytinged} with olive

on

lower sides; lining of

wing

straw-yellow. Sexessimilar.

Measurements. Type, ^adult

$

^:

Wing,

45.6; tail, 37; tarsus, 19.6; ex posed culmen, ^10.

Adult _cT, No. _6117,from

La

_Conception:

Wing,

46; tail, 39; tarsus, 19.2; exposed culmen,^10.

Remarks. H._paulus needs no comparison with ^the other

Colombian

species,H.acutipennis,

which

hasacuminated_primaries. ^Itsrelationship lieswith//.fuluicepsofwestern

Ecuador and

Peru.

*Paulus, small, ^little.

from Santa Marta, Colombia.

Serpophaga

^cinerea giisea (Lawr.).

Five_specimens, from_Chirua,

San

_Miguel,

and La

Concepcion. These are_{just like}skins intheU. S. National

Museum

from Costa Rica true griseaof

Lawrence which

seemsto

me

torepresenta_perfectlygood sub species, differingconsiderablyⁱⁿcolorfrom trueS.cinereaof

Ecuador and

Peru. _Sclater,however,^inthe'Catalogue^{ofBirdsintheBritish}

Museum

^'

unitesthe

two

without a word.

Myiopatis montensis*

sp. nov.

Eighteen specimens from

Paramo

de

Macotama,

¹¹,000 feet;

Macotama,

9,OODfeet,

and Paramo

de Chiruqua, ^12,000feet.

Type from

Paramo

de

Macotama, Colombia;

altitude, 11,000^feet. No.

6112, r? adult, ^coll. of E.A.

and

0. Bangs. ^Collected Mar. _3,1899,

by W. W. _Brown,

^Jr.

Specificcharacters.

Much

_largerthanM._{semifuscaScl.,}with

much

_longer

tail_; billlonger

and more

slender, base oflowermandibleblack (yellowish in semifusca); tertialsnot_{so large}norsobroadly rounded^atends; breast darkerolive; pileum

much

darkerthanback. Sexessimilar.

Color. Pileum dark_grayisholive; back

and rump

^olive; lores,supra-*

orbital

and

supra- auricular streak, orbital ring,

and most

of auriculars grayish^; a

dusky

post-ocular streak; wings

dusky

^; wing-covertsbroadly tipped withdull

tawny

ochraceous, forming

two

broad

wing

bars; outer edges of secondaries tawny-ochraceous toward ends, wholly^blackishat base,thusforminga blackish patchonclosed

wing

justbehindthesecond

wing

bar; edges

and

_tipsoftertials dull yellowishwhite _(in

some

speci mens,^allin

worn plumage

^{withabradedfeathers,the}

wing

^bars

and

_edges of secondaries arealldull yellowish white); tail dusky, narrowly edged witholive

and

sometimes _(infresh plumage)tippedwith isabellacolor;

throat grayish white; breast grayisholive; belly

and

under tail-coverts primrose yellow; flanks _olive; lining of

wing and bend

^of

wing

pale yellowish; ^billwholly^blackish.

Measurements. Type,^adult

$

^: Wing, 66.6; tail, 69; tarsus, 20.2; ex posed culmen,^9.6. Adult ,No._6104,

from Macotama: Wing,

70; tail, 69; tarsus, 20.2; exposed culmen, ^10. (These

two

_examples exhibit the extremesin

wing measurement

^{in theseries}of eighteen specimens.)

Remarks.'

When

collecting in the lowlands

and among

^{the smaller} mountains near Santa Marta, Mr.

Brown

took six examples^{of true}M>

semifusca. Thesearetopotypes^ofthe _species. Inthehigh mountains, fromaltitudesof 9,000^to 12,000feet,hesecured aseriesof eighteen spec imensofa wholly different bird,

which

I have herecalled M.montensis.

The

differences betweenthe

two

aresogreat as^to

seem

almost

more

than specific; theverylongtail,long slender,wholly^black bill,

and

thedif ferentlyshaped^{tertialsof the}

mountain

bird arevery

marked

characters.

In ascending^themountains thereseemsto beabelt of from _6,000 to 9,000 ^feet

where

neither M. _semifusca nor M. montensis is found. This

*Montensis,belonging^tomountains.

98 Bangs On Some Birds from ^Santa Maria, Colombia.

belthasbeenprettythoroughly

worked by

^Mr.

Brown

at

many

^different

points,

and

Ifeelsurehe

would

have takenMyiopatls^ifitoccurredthere.

Tyranniscus

nigricapillus(Lafr.).

Two

females,

one

from

La

Concepcion Mar. 11,1899,the other from ChiniaFeb. 13, 1899.

Nuttallornis borealis_(Swains.).

One

female from

La

Concepcion Mar. 8, 1899.

Pipreola

aureipectus decora*

subsp. nov.

Two

_specimens,

male and

female, from Chirua.

Type,from_Chirua,Colombia;altitude, 7,000^feet. No.6173, J* adult,^coll.

of E.A.

and

O. Bangs. CollectedFeb. 12. 1899,

by W. W. _Brown,

^Jr.

Subspecific characters.

Much

smallerthantrue P.aureipectus,with

much

shortertail. Similarincolor

and

_markingstotrue P.aureipectus,except that the_cT.hasabroad

band

ofyellow

on

each_side, extending from^the yellow throat across sideofneck behind auriculars; ⁱⁿ the

9

^this

band shows

asa

row

ofyellowspots.

Measurements. Type, ^adult

^:

Wing,88; tail,64; tarsus,23; exposed cnlmen, ^12. Adult _9, topotype ^{No. 6L47:}

Wing,

84; ^tail 64; tarsus, 21.4; exposed culmen, ^11.8.

Remarks. ^I

have examined

Lafresnaye's types, consisting of three specimens,

two

males

and

onefemale,ⁱⁿsplendid condition.

They

^are,

allthree,

much

_larger than the Chirua _bird, their

wing measurements

being^{as follows:} No. _2166,*

J

^adult,92; No. _{2167,* cT adult, 94;} No.

2168,f

9

adult,^92.

The

tail

and

tarsusalso give larger measurements.

Inthe

two

Lafresnaye males there are a fewconcealed yellow spotson thesidesof the neck,

where

in the

new

form there is a broad yellow band. Inthefemalethereis

no

trace ofyellowspots

on

thesidesof the neck. Otherwise thecolors

and markings

^areaboutthe

same

in P. aurei pectusdecora

and

intrue P. aureipectus.

Heliochera

rubrocristata_(D'Orb.

and

_Lafr.).

Ten

_specimens, all

from Paramo

de

Chiruqua and Paramo

de

Maco-

tama,at altitudesranging from11,000^to 15,000^feet.

Cinclodes

fuse us albidiventris _(Scl.).

Two

males from

Paramo

de Chiruqua, 15,000 ^feet. These

two

_speci mens, without doubt,belong ^{to the} form called albidiventris

by

Sclater,

which

isa valid subspecies, quitedifferent incolorfrom the

more

south-

*Decorus, adorned, ornamented.

fSpecimens ⁱⁿ Lafresnaye ^{collection in} Boston _Society of Natural History.

from Santa Marta, Colombia.

em

form true_fuscus. In the northern form _{the scaly}markings

come

farther

down

onthe breast

and

sides,

and

the_bellyiswhitish,not_buffy, as intrue_fuscus.

Sclerurus albigularis

propinquus

subsp. nov.

Type(and onlyspecimen^securedon_{this trip*),}from_Ghirna,

Colombia

;

altitude,7,000; No.6152,

$

adult,^coll. of E. A.

and

_{O. Bangs.} Collected Feb. 7, 1899,

by W. W. _Brown,

Jr.

Subspecific characters.

Somewhat

intermediate between S. canigularis Ridgw.,^ofCosta Rica,

and

trueS. albigularisofVenezuela,

most

likethe former butwith _pectoral

band

paler; throat lighter gray; upper parts duller brown, not^chestnut.

The new form

^is also the smallest of the three.

Color.

Back

burnt

umber

with aslight olive cast,

head

rather

more

dusky;

rump ^and

uppertail-covertsbright chestnut; wings dark brown, primaries,tertials,

and

secondaries

edged

^{with burnt}

umber;

primary coverts

dusky-brown

; greater

and

lessercoverts

and

scapulars chestnut;

throatsmoke-gray; pectoral

band

dullferruginous^;belly

and

flankshair- brown,

some

of the feathers edged

and

_tippedwith dull yellowish-fer ruginous; undertail-covertschestnut; tailblackishedged with chestnut;

'irishazel; tarsus

dusky

^;'f

culmen

dusky; mandibleyellowish toward base,

dusky

^attip.

Measurements. Type, ^adult

$

^:

Wing,

82.6; tail, 56.4; tarsus, 23; ex posed culmen, ^21.8. No. _5684,

$

adult,from Palomina:

Wing,

83; tail, 56; tarsus, 23.2; exposed culmen, ^21.

Remarks.

The

second specimen (the type) of^thisform secured

by Mr.

Brown

isjust likethefirst,

which

couldnotbereferredtoeitherS.canigu larisorS. albigularis.$ Ithereforenolonger hesitate^togive^ita

name.

Siptornis antisiensis ^Scl.

Five_specimens,from Santa_Cruz,

Paramo

de

Macotama, and Paramo de

Chirnqua.

Siptornis

wyatti

^Scl.

and

Salv.

Two

_specimens,

male and

_female,from

Paramo

de Chiruqua,15,000feet,

Mar. 25, 1899.

Automolus

rufipectus Bangs.

Seven _specimens,taken atdifferent altitudesfrom _3,000to 7,500feet.

Allare similartothe type,

which

before

was

_unique.

Anabazenops

striaticollis Scl.

Eightspecimens, fromChirua,

San

_Miguel,

and La

Concepcion.

*Mr.

Brown

tooka femaleatPalomina,

May

^{18, 1898.}

f

Noted by

^Mr.

Brown

fromfreshspecimen.

JProc. ^{Biol. Soc.} Washington, ^vol.XII, p177, 1898.

23 BIOL. Soc.WASH.,VOL.XIII,1899

100 Bangs On Some Birds from Santa Marta, Colombia.

Premnoplex brunnescens

(Scl.).

Two

females, one from

San

Miguel, the otherfromGhirua.

Dendrocincla

olivacea

anguina

Bangs.

Three_specimens,

one

each from Palomina,Chirua,

and La

Concepcion.

Allare similartothe type, theonly specimen Mr.

Brown had

_previously taken.

Picolaptes

laciymiger

(Des Murs.).

One

femalefrom

La

Concepcion.

Drymophila ^caudata

(Scl.).

Twenty-five specimens,

young and

^{adult of both} sexes,from _Chirua,

La

Concepcion, San^Francisco,Santa_Crn/,San Antonio,

and San

_Miguel.

I

am now

inclinedtoconsiderthe Santa

Marta

bird trueD.caudata_(Scl.), although

when

I recorded the first two, taken

by

^Mr.

Brown

atPalo mina,*^Ithought^thatthey were not^thatspecies.

The

tailsareaboutthe

same

throughouttheseries

and

do notdiffer, to

any

extent, with age^or sex.

The

rectricesaredark

brown

_(between

raw umber and

_bister),with subapical black

bands and

white_tips.

The

_onlyspecimen from ^'Bogota^' inthe National

Museum

has a precisely similar ^{tail. Sclater's} descrip tionreads^{: '}Tailoften_feathers,verylong,

much

graduated, black, with whiteends.' This

was

_{probably a}mistake.

Conopophaga brownif

sp. nov.

Fivespecimens, bothsexes, fromChirua.

Type,from _Chirua,Colombia; altitude,7,000^feet. No. 6177, cT adult, coll.of E. A.

and

0. Bangs. Collected Feb. 12,1899,

by W. W. _Brown,

Jr.

Specific characters.

A

_verydistinct species,apparently representing a

new

_group,having^sidesofhead

and

_capliketheback

and

without white post-ocularstripeor patch.

Color.

Forehead

tawny-olive, passing insensibly into color ofupper parts; ^lores yellowishwhite; upperparts,yellowisholive; wings

dusky

brown, ^outeredgesof primaries, secondaries,

and

tertialsdullolivaceous

cinnamon

; tertials

and

secondaries bordered on inner

web and

_tipped withclear

cinnamon

; tail sepia; a

narrow

orbital ringyellowish white;

auriculars reddish olive; throat, breast, sides,

and

_{lining of}

wing

^oclmi- ceous (in

some

_specimens there is

some

white on the _{throat, in} others thethroat isuniform withthe breast); middle_{of belly}

and under

tail- coverts white, varyingⁱⁿextentin different specimens;

culmen

_dusky;

mandible

yellowish towardbase,

dusky

^attip.

Measurements. Type, ^adult

$

^:

^Wing,

^{61; tail, 29; tarsus, 23.2; ex-}

*Proc.Biol. Soc. Washington,^vol. XII,p.176, 1898.

t

Named

for

Wilmot W. Brown,

Jr.,

whose

researches

have

_broughtto light so

many ^new

^{birdsintheSanta}

^Marta

region.

from Santa Marta, Colombia. 101

posed culmen, ^13. Adult _$, No. _6179, topotype^: Wing, 62; tail, 29.4;

tarsus, 23.6; exposed culmen, ^12.4.

Remarks. C. brovmi doesnotneed comparison with

any known

form.

The

one femalerecordedfrom PuebloViejo, 8,000feet,*^islikethe present seriesfrom Chirua.

Scytalopus

sylvestris Tacz.

-

One

_male, not_{fully adult,}from

San

Francisco Jan. 24, 1899. Itisnot unlikely thatfullyadult specimens^will

show

theSanta

Marta

birdtobe an undescribed _species.

The wing

^{measures 46}

mm., which

^{is shorter} thanusualinS. sylvestris. I

have compared

^itwithS.argentifronsRidgw.,

and

it is certainlynot that _species.

For

the present ^it

may

^{bewell to}

callitsylvestris.

Scytalopus

latebricolaf sp. nov.

Seven_specimens,sixfemales

and

one_male, from

Paramo

de Chiruqua

and Paramo

de

Macotama,

11,000 ^to12,000 ^feet.

Type, from

Paramo

de Chiruqua,

Colombia

; altitude,12,000^feet. No.

6208,

?

adult, ^coll. of E. A.

and

O. Bangs. Collected

March

10, 1899,

by W. W. _Brown,

Jr.

Specificcharacters. Scytalopus latebricolahas the _{large feet,tarsus,}

and

billofthe S. analisgroup,but in sizeis smaller

and

has a

much

shorter tail thanS.analis. Colors_different,

much more

reddish

brown

_{on rump,}

flanks,

and

uppertail-coverts. Sexes apparently^alike.

Color. Adult,

head and

back dark

brownish

slate; lower

rump ^and

upper tail-coverts chestnut, with indistinct blackish cross-bars_; wings

and

taildullbrownish black; throat

and

breastbrownishslategray (al

most mouse

_grayofRidgway),paler

and more

_silveryon middleoflower breast

and

_upperpart of belly; flanks,lower_sides,

and under

tail-coverts chestnut, with_slight irregular spots

and

cross-barsof

dusky

; bill

horn

color_; feet

and

tarsusbrown.

Younger

birds (Nos.6212

and

₆₂₁₀₎differ in having

more

chestnut

on

theback

and

_{breast, inbeing}

more

_decidedly barredon_{flanks, etc.,}

and

inhaving^tertials

and wing

^-covertsbarred with chestnut

and

_tippedwith yellowishbrown,

and

_{primariesedged with}chestnut.

Measurements.

No.

102 Bangs On Some Birds from ^Santa Marta, Colombia.

Remarks. I

have

carefully

examined

Lafresnaye's type ^of Mendaxis analis,

which

is in fairlygood^{condition. Itis}a very^{differentbird}from thattaken

by

^Mr.

Brown

ⁱⁿthe Sierra

Nevada

de Santa Marta; ^is

much

larger

and

_{has a very}

much

_longertail.

The

colorsarealso different,but asthespecimen appears^tobe

now somewhat

faded

by

exposureto light, itmight only

make

confusionto

mention

thesedifferences. Itmeasures wing, 66; tail, 63.2; tarsus, 28.

Inthe National

Museum

I

examined

specimens from Bogota^{of still} another_form,

which

is probably^S.micropterus (Scl.). This differsfrom

S. latebricola in being

much

darker throughout, ^the back blacker, the underparts not nearly^sogray,

and

the reddish

brown

ofthe flanks

and rump

^darker.

Sycalis

browni

_Bangs.

Two

_specimens,

one

adult (female?), the other a

young

male, from

Palomina and La

Concepcion.

When

identifying the specimens^{ofthis bird}

which

Mr.

Brown

took near Santa Marta, Mr.

Ridgway and

^Iwere misled

by

Dr. Sharpe's rather strange treatmentof_Sycalis citrina,

which

is placed in the far-removed genusPseudochloris. Consequently

we

overlookedthat_species.

There

is little doubt ^that the birds recordedinthe ^'British

Museum

Catalogue^'

from Colombia

arethe

same

as

my

^{S.browni. Itis}probable, however, ^{thatS. browniwill}provesubspecifically^different

from

S.citrina Pelzeln, thelatterbeing based

on

birds from southernBrazil. It

would

in factbe very strange^ifbirds ofthis sortfromlocalitiessofar apart^as southernBrazil

and

northern

Colombia

should not prove^different. In the lack of Brazilian specimens ^foractual comparison,^I

am

forced to leave the question in ^this unsatisfactory condition.

Oryzoborus ^funeieus

^Scl.

Five specimens

from

Chirua

and La

Concepcion.

Catamenia

_sp. ?

One

female

from Paramo

de Chiruqua, 15,000feet, Feb. 27, 1899.

With

but one female I

am

unabletoidentify the speciespositively.

It

may

prove^tobe undescribed or

may

possiblybe C. analoides.

Haplospiza

^nivaria* sp.nov.

Thirteen specimens from

Paramo

de Chiruqua, ^15,000 feet, Feb.

and

Mar. 1899.

Type,from

Paramo

de Chiruqua,

Colombia

; altitude,15,000^feet. No.

6238,

$

^{adult, coll. of E. A.}

^and

^0. Bangs. ^Collected Mar. _{25, 1899,}

by W. W. _Brown,

Jr.

Specific characters.

Much

_larger thanH. unicolor_;

$

purergray,^less olivaceous; back

more

_streaked; bill relatively smaller.

The

feathers

*Nivarius, of orbelonging^tosnow.

from Marta, Colombia.

everywhere very long

and

_lax,

and

thewhole

plumage

indicatingabird fitted towithstandextremecold.

Color. Adult_(J^1:

Upper

partsdark_gray,

between mouse

_gray

and

slate color; interscapulum with ^indistinct longitudinal dusky^streaks;

some

ofthe feathers_slightlyedged with pale

smoke

_{gray; wingsblack,}allthe feathersedged with gray ^{like the} back_; tail black, with narrow gray edges; under partsgray (No. ⁶of

Ridgway)

^; center of belly

and

under

tailcoverts

somewhat

varied

by

^indistinctcross-bars of pale

smoke

_gray;

bill,feet,

and

tarsus black; ^{'irishazel.'*}

Adult : Heavily streaked throughout;,upper parts sepia, rather paler

on

cervix

and

_shadingintobrownishslate

on rump ^and

upper^tail- coverts, with broadblackish striations; wings

dusky brown

edged with sepia, exceptgreater

and

middle coverts,

which

^are edged with^Isabella color; ^tail

dusky brown

edged withgrayish; throat, breast, flanks,

and

sides

wood brown

_{; belly}

and under

tail-coverts grayish white_; under parts streaked throughout with blackish,,

most

_heavily

on

breast

and

sides,^lessso

on

throat

and

centerof belly; ^bill blackish, base of lower mandible_paler,

more

_yellowish.

Measurements.

No.

104 Bangs On Some Birch from

S<ntf<i

Maria, Colombia.

accountof

them

that

must

becorrected.

The

type, adult male,^isallright,

and

isso differentfromA. coniroslris&stodeserve fullspecificrank.

The two

females thatIincluded

under

the

same name,

however, prove^notto belong^{to this}species^atall,butare soclose toexamples^ofA.vejiezuelensis

Ridgway,^thatMr.

Ridgway

^{does notconsider}

them

evensubspecifically separable.

Thus

another _species should be

added

to the fauna ofthe Sierra

Nevada

de Santa Marta.

Arremonops venezuelensis

_Ridgw.

Two

femalestaken near Santa

Marta

inJan.,^1898. Thisisa

much

smaller birdthanA. _caneus, besides being different in color.

The

backis pure greenisholive, thiscoloralsosuffusing thegray^ofneck

and

crown. A.

caneushas the

whole head

(between^blackstripes), neck,

and

_{upper back} gray,gradually shadinginto grayish ^olive

on

lower back

and

_rump.

Buariemon

basilicus Bangs.

Four

specimens, threemales

and

one_female,from Chirua

and

San Fran cisco. I founded this species

upon one

adult

male

taken at Pueblo Viejo^atanaltitude of 8,000feet,

and

the threemalesinthe present^series agreewithitexactly.

The

femaleisrather smaller

and

slightly different in color,the

main

differencebeing^{that theoliveof the}back extends

up

the

crown between

the

two

blackstripes. In the malesthiscentral

crown

stripe^isgray.

Schistochlamys

atra (Gmel.).

Eleven_specimens,both_sexes,

from La

_Concepcion

and

San Antonio.

Pcecilothiaupis

melanogenys

^Salv.

^and Godm.

Twenty

specimens, takenatallstations

between

7,500

and

_12,000feet.

Of

this beautiful tanager, peculiar ^to the Santa

Marta

mountains, Mr.

Brown had

beforetaken but

one

specimen.

Chlorophonia

^frontalis(Scl.).

Ten

specimens, both sexes,

from

_Chirua,

La

Concepcion,

and San

Miguel.

Without

specimens from Venezuela^for comparison, ^I

must

let

the Santa

Marta

birdstandas C.frontalis.

Piranga

faceta Bangs.

Four

examples, one^adult

male and

three

young

^males,from

La Concep

cion

and ^an

_Miguel.

The

adultis inevery

way

^similartothe type,but

isin

much more worn

_plumage.

The _young

^malesareina

plumage

^sim

ilartothat of the adult female, except ^that orangered feathers areap pearingⁱⁿsmall irregularpatches both above

and

below,

from Santa Marta, Colombia.

Atticora

cyanoleuca

(Yieill.).

Seven _specimens,both _sexes,all from

La

_Conception; altitude, 3,000 feet.

Vireo

_{josephae (Scl.).}

One

male from ^El

Paramo

de

Macotama.

11,000feet, Feb._3, 1899.

Conirostrum rufum

Lafr.

Five_specimens,both_sexes, from

Paramo

de Chiruqua

and Paramo

de

Macotama;

altitude, 11,000^feet.

Helminthophila pinus

(Linn.).

One

adult male, Chirua, Mar. _21, 1899. Thisbirdis interesting,

hav

ing broad,conspicuousyellow

wing

^bars.

Seiurus noveboracensis

_(Gmel.).

Two

_specimens; male from

La

Concepcion, Mar.17, 1899,

and

afemale from_Chirua, Feb. _13,1899.

Seiurus noveboracensis

notabilis _(Ridgw.)..

One male

from_Chirua,Feb^_7, 1899.

Geothlypis

Philadelphia (Wils.).

Ten

_specimens, both _sexes, from Chirua

and La

Concepcion, taken from Feb. 12 to Mar. _{25, 1899.}

Most

of these birds are molting,

and

theseriescovers practically thecompletespring molt.

Cinclus

rivularis* _sp. nov.

Three_specimens,

two

from_Chirua, one from

Paramo

de Chiruqua;

altitude, 11,000^feet,

Type, from _Chirua, Colombia; altitude,7,000^feet. No. _{6049; cT adult,}

coll.ofE.A.

and

O. Bangs. ^{Collected Feb.} 7, 1899,

by W.

VV.

Brown,

^Jr.

Specificcharacters.

Not much

likeeitherC.leuconotusorC.leitcocephahis;

general color

more

_grayish

and

lessblackish; under_partsdark gray

mot

tled with white; pileum white streaked with dusky; ^throat white;

cheeksdark _gray.

Color. Pileumwhite, the center of the feathersdusky,giving a streaked appearance; back slate color,the lowerparts of the featherswhite cen trally (the whitedoesnot

show

unlessthe feathers are disturbed);

rump and

_uppertail-covertsdark

brownish

slatecolor; wings brownishblack, inner

webs

of primaries

and

secondarieswith white centralspots, this white

marking

^small

and

inconspicuous on second

and

third primaries,

*Rivularis,of orbelonging^to a small stream,^rivulet.

106 Bangs On Some Birds from Santa Marta, Colombia.

larger on the other _feathers; tail

brownish

black; cheeks dark _slate;

throatwhite_; breast, belly,

and

undertail-covertsdark _slate,irregularly mottled

and

variedwith white. (In thetype ^{there is} but littlewhite, mostlyconcealed,on under_parts; in atopotype^{thereisrather}

more

; in the specimen from

Paramo

de

Chiruqua

the center of breast

and

_bellyis

considerablymottled with_white). Flanks

and

sidesbrownishslate;

'front oftarsus light blue,behind

dusky

^{; irishazel;'* billblack.}

Measurements. Type, ^adult

$

^:

^Wing,

^{88; tail,47; tarsus, 30.6; ex}

posed culmen, ^12. Adult

9

>No._6050,

from Paramo

de

Chiruqua

^: Wing, 82; tail, 44; tarsus,29.4; exposed culmen, ^12.

Troglodytes

^moiiticolaf sp. nov.

Five specimens, ^adultmale

and

_female,

and

threeyoung, from

Paramo

de

Chiruqua and Paramo

^de

Macotama,

^from 11,000to15,000^feet.

Type from

Paramo

de Chiruqua, Colombia; altitude, 15,000^feet. No.

6066,

?

adult,^coll. of E. A.

and

_{0. Bangs.} Collected Mar. 25, 1899, by.

W. W. _Brown,

Jr.

Specific characters.

With

adistinctsuperciliary streak^asin T. bruunei- collisofsouthern

Mexico and

T. rufocilidtusof Guatemala. Larger than either of these

and

_differing

much

incolor

and

_markings.

Color. Adult

$

,type, in fresh

plumage

^{: Pileum}

and

cervixrichrussetI

back, rump, upper tail-coverts,scapulars, tertials,

and

wing-coverts ^rus set, finely,but_strongly, barred with

dusky

; primaries

and

secondaries dusky, with^dull yellowish-white notches along^outer

webs

; taildusky, with _irregular,

wavy

^cross-bars (often broken) ofdull grayish

brown

_; conspicuoussuperciliary streaktawny-ochraceous; auricularstawny,just behind eyedarker,almost

dusky

; throat

and jugulum

endingⁱⁿaneven line, dulltawny-ochraceous; breast, inthemiddle pinkish buff, toward sides buffwith

dusky

cross-bars; belly soiled white, with

dusky

^cross bars; flanks

and

sidesdull_buff,with broad

dusky

cross-bars; undertail- coverts white, with

dusky

cross-bars.

An

adult_tf,No._6017,from

Paramo

de

Macotama,

^Mar.11,1899,^issimilar, butisin

worn

_plumage, the feathersbeing considerably abraded.

The

coloraboveis richer,bordering on hazel,

and

thecrossbars

on

back are less distinct_; below^itis

more

_{deeplycolored,}

and

the differencesinshade

between

throat, breast,

and

_{belly are}less evident. Allthese differences areprobably

due

towearingofthefeathers.

The _young

^differfromadultsinbeing^lessbarredabove

and

inhaving theunder parts ^Isabella color a little darker

on

sides freckledwith dusky.

The new

feathers appearing onthe throat are likethose ofthe adult.

Measurements. Type, ^{adult :}

Wing,

54; ^tail, 39.4; tarsus, 21; ex posed culmen, ^11.8. Adult

J

^{1, No. 6067:}

Wing,

54; tail, 39.6; tarsus, 22; exposed culmen, 12.24

*

Noted by

^Mr.

Brown

froma freshspecimen the type.

f Moniicola, a mountaineer,^dwellerinthemountains.

J

The

wings

and

tailofthemale are

somewhat

worn,

and

therefore these

measurements

arealittletooshort.

from Santa Marta, Colombia.

Remarks.

The

discovery of^this

wren

inthehigher^Sierra

Nevada

car riestherange^{of the}group^of housewrens havingconspicuously colored stiperciliariesinto South

America

proper.

The

_species is very^different fromeither of the

two

before

known.

Microcerculus marginatus

^Scl.

One

adult

male

fromChirua,Mar. 13, 1899.

Hylocichla

^ustulata

swainsoni

_(Cab.)-

One

female from Chirua, Feb. 16, 1899.

Merula

_gigas

cacozela

_Bangs.

Eighteen specimens, taken at

San

_Miguel,

Paramo

de Chiruqua,

and Paramo

de

Macotama.

_{All agree}withthe_originalpair from

Macotama, upon which

^Ibasedthe subspecies.

Mernla

olivatra Lafr.

Two

malesfrom

La

_Concepcion; altitude, 3,000^feet.

Ihave

compared

^{thesewith the} types of Merulaolivatra

which

are in thecollectionoftheBoston _{Society of}Natural _History. There are

two

specimens ^{in fine condition}

and

apparently only ^{a little} faded, though they were^for

some

_yearsexposed ^tothe light as

mounted

_specimens.

Incolor theyagreewith the

two

skins taken

by

^Mr.

Brown, when due

allowanceis

made

forthe_slightfading thathas undoubtedly takenplace.

They

are,however,smallerineveryproportion.

The wing measurement

of the

two

Lafresnaye types ^is 115

and

118

mm.

respectively, whilein the

La

Concepcionbirds, both_males,it is 122

and

124

mm.

When we know more

abouttherange

and

variations ofthisrarethrush

it

may

^{be foundthat there are}

^two

^races.

^For

^the present ^I prefer^to leavethe

Colombian

birdwith trueM. olivatra.

Merula

albiventris

fusa*

subsp. nov.

Fourteen _specimens, both _sexes, from _Chirua,

La

Concepcion,

San

Miguel,

and

SanFrancisco.

Taken

in Jan., Feb.,

and

_Mar., 1899.

Type,from _Chirua,Colombia; altitude, 7,000^feet. No. _6080,

9

adult, coll! of E. A.

and

O. Bangs. Collected Feb. 11, 1899,

by W. W. _Brown,

Jr.

Subspecific characters.

Much

larger than true M. albiventris Spix, of Brazil_; colors

and

pattern of coloration ^similar, except^{that the}

head

^is grayer shading fromgrayish^olive

on

forehead

and crown

toolivegray

on

_cervix,

where

thegray meets the^oliveoftheback

much more

_abruptly.

'Billdullgreen^{; iris}

brown

;'f sexesalike.

*Fusus, large,plump, ^full.

fNoted

by

^Mr.

Brown

fromfreshspecimen.

24 BIOL. Soc. WASH., VOL. XIII,¹⁸⁹⁹

108 Bangs On Some

Bir<lsJ'r<nn S<uit<i

Marta, Colombia.

Measurements.

No.