Kesatuan Pengelolaan Hutan KPH MAASP Kementerian Pertanian dan Tata Ruang. PHPL Pengelolaan Hutan Lestari Peta Indikatif PIAPS Perhutanan Sosial PIPPIB Moratorium Izin (Peta Indikatif Penundaan Izin Baru).
BACKGROUND
The ERP aims to reduce deforestation and forest degradation in an area covering the entire 12.7 million hectares (ha) that comprise East Kalimantan Province. ERP activities are aligned with East Kalimantan's green development plans and related policies, and this will ensure long-term impact and reduce the risk of future returns.
OBJECTIVE
In addition, as Indonesia's first jurisdictional REDD+ program, the ERP will help accelerate the national REDD+. The ERP is expected to generate USD 110 million in performance-based payments through the emissions reduction trade-off to the FCPF Carbon Fund.
SCOPE OF THE SESA
Iterative diagnostic consultative and analytical processes on socio-economic, environmental and social aspects of REDD+ readiness, including assessment of existing capacities and gaps to address identified environmental and social issues;. Identification of appropriate mitigation measures to address identified environmental and social issues, as well as provincial and regional institutional arrangements to address safeguards.
DATA COLLECTION
Consultations with various stakeholders, identifying different views, perceptions and concerns, as well as identifying any exclusion of relevant stakeholders during the preparation of the ERP; and. Each of the above key elements and processes is further described in the following sections.
SCREENING AND SCOPING FOR THE SESA
Formulation of Drivers of Deforestation and Forest
Identification of Environmental and Social Issues under ERP
These key issues are used as parameters in the scenario analysis to identify environmental and social risks associated with ERP implementations. Impacts on indigenous peoples, as most of the areas under ERP already have customary names;.
STAKEHOLDER ANALYSIS
Stakeholder Identification
Preservation of biodiversity and ecosystem services (wood plantations, crops, mining; forest and land fires). Lack of awareness, management capacity and participation of key stakeholders (further discussed in subsection 2.3 on stakeholder analysis);.
Stakeholder Mapping
Furthermore, in the development of the SESA, stakeholders who possess relevant information about the ERP were also involved. These stakeholders act as positive influencers and are therefore essential for implementation of the ERP.
Institutional Capacity Assessment
Such a recommendation should take into account potential risks such as restricted access and/or involuntary resettlement. Private sectors need the capacity to implement sustainable forest management practices such as PHPL (Forestry), RIL (Forestry) and HCV, and to resolve disputes and implement appropriate safeguards.
DATA ANALYSIS
Risk and Impact Analysis
The baseline conditions and socioeconomic characteristics presented in the SESA serve as a starting point for a preliminary analysis of potential risks and impacts of each program component and subcomponent. Cross-references between risks and impact groupings are designed to identify relevant World Bank Operational Policies (OP) and Bank Policies (BP) that can potentially be activated.
Gap Analysis
PUBLIC CONSULTATION
LIMITATIONS
KEY PROCESSES OF REDD+ READINESS
The benefit-sharing mechanism should be finalized and approved at national and sub-national level. Coordination between agencies holding forest-related data at national and sub-national level needs to be improved.
STRATEGIC RATIONALE
The FCPF has made contingency funds available to ensure that preparations for the implementation of the Carbon Fund can be completed. The Carbon Fund offers opportunities to channel carbon benefits to implementers at the grassroots level (FMU, social forestry groups, village administration) and thus provide tangible benefits.
SAFEGUARD INITIATIVES IN INDONESIA
SIS-REDD+ Indonesia
Given the above challenges, REDD+ initiatives such as the Carbon Fund require favorable political conditions, adequate economic support for preparation, and strong support from stakeholders at the national and subnational levels. Challenges in implementing the Carbon Fund include establishing safeguard principles, defining accounting areas (to avoid double counting) and agreeing on benefit-sharing mechanisms.
Safeguards Formulation
SIS-REDD+ Indonesia is simple and ensures the completeness, accessibility and accountability of the information it contains. SIS-REDD+ Indonesia contains safeguard principles (including ESMF and FGRM) and tools to assess the implementation of safeguards in Indonesia.
SELECTION OF EAST KALIMANTAN PROVINCE
In 2015, the Government of India proposed the province of East Kalimantan through a letter to the FCPF Facility Management Team (FMT) dated 9 October 2015. The proposal was also confirmed through a letter of commitment from the Governor of East Kalimantan to the Ministry of Finance dated 5 October 2015.
REDD+ CONSULTATION PROCESSES
- Stakeholder Identification
- Consultation Process
- Key Issues
- Summary of the Consultation Outcomes
- Next Plan for Consultation and Engagement
Lessons learned from implementing the ERP in East Kalimantan will be valuable in finalizing the design of the national REDD+ framework, including the national MRV system, approaches to safeguards, benefit sharing and ER registration. The main concerns that emerged from the consultation process included the possible impacts of the ERP on environmental and social aspects, as summarized in Table 2 and Table 3 respectively.
LESSONS LEARNED FROM PREVIOUS ER PILOT ACTIVITIES
- Policies to Protect Natural and Forest Resources
- Participatory Planning and Spatial Planning
- Government Capacity to Protect and Supervise Forest Areas
- Alternative Livelihoods, Productivity of Agriculture, and
- Lessons Learned on Conflict and Dispute Resolution
Social forestry programs are part of the ERP to provide sustainable livelihoods for local communities (component 4). An analysis of the barriers and opportunities for women's participation in the REDD+ sector in Asia.
COMPONENT 1: FOREST AND LAND GOVERNANCE
- Sub-Component 1.1: Strengthening the licensing regime
- Sub-Component 1.2: Dispute Settlement
- Sub-Component 1.3: Support for the recognition of adat land
- Sub-Component 1.4: Strengthening village spatial planning
The social forestry programs introduced in 1.1.1 will be designed to reduce ownership conflicts in existing concession areas. The activity will be implemented by the District Community Empowerment and Village Government Service (DMPPD), which will support communities in integrating REDD+ activities into village spatial and development plans.
COMPONENT 2: IMPROVING FOREST SUPERVISION AND
Sub-Component 2.1: Strengthening management capacity
Sub-Component 2.2: Strengthening provincial and district
COMPONENT 3: REDUCING DEFORESTATION AND FOREST
Sub-Component 3.1. Implementation of HCV policies for Oil
Activities under this strand will be primarily led by the East Kalimantan Estate Crops Service and will involve district level government agencies and up to 100 plantation crop license holders. Forest protection systems for the development and management of estate crop areas will be developed and implemented by the companies.
Sub-Component 3.2: Support for smallholders and
Estate cropping companies will receive capacity building to conduct inventories of HCV forests and other natural remnant forests within their concession boundaries. Training in inventory and HCV management, including field guidance, will be provided by the Provincial Forestry Service in coordination with the Provincial Estate Crop Service.
Sub-Component 3.3: Implementation of HCV and RIL
COMPONENT 4: SUSTAINABLE ALTERNATIVES FOR
Sub-Component 4.1 Sustainable livelihoods
Sub-Component 4.2: Conservation partnerships
Sub-Component 4.3: Social forestry
COMPONENT 5: PROJECT MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING
Sub-Component 5.1: Project coordination and management
Sub-Component 5.2: Monitoring and evaluation
Sub-component 5.3: Program communication
GEOSPATIAL DATA QUALITY
All information related to GIS data presented in this report is embedded in the data and listed on the maps in Appendix A2. BIG 2013 Total area of East Kalimantan province based on spatial data calculation is ha (GIS data used in RTRW document).
ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE
Social Forestry
Except for Bontang City, all districts and municipalities in East Kalimantan province have grants for social forestry. Therefore, capacity for the establishment of social forestry licenses should be empowered (especially in Kutai Kartanegara which has the largest PIAPS).
Forest Fire
Areas within PIAPS that already have social forestry licenses in East Kalimantan Province are summarized in Table 14. Progress and challenges in social forestry schemes in East Kalimantan Province are described in Error Section.
SOCIAL BASELINE
- Demographics, Livelihoods and Socio-cultural Diversity
- Forest and Local Communities
- Land Tenure and Natural Resource Conflicts and Disputes
- Relevant Gender Aspects in the ER Areas
Food security is one of the objectives of the East Kalimantan Province Medium Term Development Plan (RPJMD) 2013–2018. So women are one of the important stakeholders in the implementation of the program.
ECONOMIC ASSESSMENTS RELATED TO THE ERP
Economic Situation in East Kalimantan
The green development efforts (i.e. reducing GHG emissions) in East Kalimantan pose a management risk, as coal and palm oil provide immediate economic benefits compared to reducing GHG emissions. In addition, component 3 of the ERP specifically aims to work with stakeholders in the palm oil plantation sector.
Political Economy of East Kalimantan
All of the above issues are considered causes of suboptimal economic growth and people's welfare in East Kalimantan province. The conventional market can have a negative impact on the success of the ERP, as the conventional sectors can still be crucial to the provincial economy.
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL RISK INDICATORS
Scenario Analysis
Assuming this average increase, the calculated BAU scenario shows the possibility of increasing palm oil plantations up to 1.9 million ha (allocated in the spatial plan of East Kalimantan. This will result in a 49% reduction in potential revenue from the forestry sector (in terms of the proportion of the moratorium area compared to joint allocation of production forests).
Environmental and Social Components
Leakage may occur due to increased emission-causing activities (BAU scenario) that cannot be offset by ERP. Reversal may occur due to deforestation and environmental degradation that occurs after the ERP is completed.
Environmental and Social Indicators
Lack of awareness, management capacity and participation (qualitative indicators of the presence of capacity building, availability and incentives). Lack of accessibility for all social strata of society to get involved in.
GOI REGULATIONS
MMF Regulation no. 43/2013 on the demarcation and determination of forest areas under the jurisdiction of forest management units; and. FGRM and conflict resolution mechanism to ensure "clean and clear" terms before implementation.
REGULATORY ENFORCEMENT AND CAPACITY ASSESSMENT
Implementation of conflict resolution mechanism by the Estate Crops Agency and Environment Agency does not allow joint efforts on conflict resolution in APL. This indicates that more than half of the KPHs still need to be empowered to ensure that the security capacities required in the ERP; and.
IMPLEMENTATION OF SAFEGUARD POLICIES
GAP/COMPATIBILITY ANALYSIS
Policy on spatial patterns takes into account the disaster prone areas in the designation of protected areas in the East Kalimantan province. As part of the assessment in the SESA, the environmental and social impact assessment is based on the identification of environmental and social risks.
COMPONENT 1: FOREST AND LAND GOVERNANCE
- Sub-component 1.1: Strengthening the licensing regime
- Sub-component 1.2: Dispute settlement
- Sub-component 1.3: Support the recognition of customary
- Sub-component 1.4: Strengthening village spatial planning
Analysis of correlations between subcomponent 1.1 of the ERP with the above issues is summarized in table 26. The analysis in the table above shows that the implementation of subcomponent 1.1 will have social consequences.
COMPONENT 2: IMPROVING FOREST SUPERVISION AND
Sub-component 2.1: Strengthening management capacity
The FMU has challenges in providing the legitimacy of community activities, including improving the economy of the community. Therefore, skills in facilitation/mentoring for local communities will also need to be improved within the FMU.
Sub-component 2.2: Strengthening provincial and district
However, this protection is not supported by regulations supporting the protection of plantation HCV areas. Principles of HCV can be applied in the plantation industry and ultimately contribute to the protection of natural resources on a provincial scale.
COMPONENT 3: REDUCING DEFORESTATION AND FOREST
Sub-component 3.1 Implementation of HCV policies for oil
Management of forest areas in palm oil plantations will reduce the risk of tenure management. A similar analysis shows that the area of overlap between palm oil concessions and orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus) habitat is ha.
Sub-component 3.2 Support for smallholders and community
To improve the sustainable development of palm oil, it is very important to accelerate the implementation of ISPO certification for companies and plants. Environmental risks include pollution due to the use of pesticides in palm oil estates and burning methods that create fire hazards.
Sub-component 3.3 Implementation of HCV and RIL policies
A policy instrument is needed to support the implementation of this program, especially for incentives and law enforcement. The implementation of this sub-component will face challenges such as disputes over ownership of forest concessions; limitation of institutional capacity to implement RIL and HCV;.
COMPONENT 4: SUSTAINABLE ALTERNATIVES FOR
Sub-component 4.1 Sustainable Livelihood
Need for strengthening reforms and policy revisions for more conducive implementation of emission reduction and biodiversity conservation. The implementation of these activities mostly resulted in the positive impact and improved quality of mangrove cover in program areas.
Sub-component 4.2 Conservation partnership
Community-based monitoring of forest cover over a number of years has proven to be accurate, cost-effective and scalable. However, many cases have shown that conservation areas (including HCV designation) can potentially limit local communities' access to livelihoods and/or culturally significant areas.
Sub-Component 4.3 Social forestry
Social forestry is one of the forest management models that combines forest management and alternative livelihoods, such as ecotourism and agroforestry. There is a need to develop a business plan to ensure a sustainable business model for the social forestry mechanism.
PROJECT MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING
Sub-component 5.1 Project Coordination and Management
Innovation for program integration can be seen in the development plan. Program integration requires information about proposed activities and budget, as well as existing land use in target areas. Key Program Integration Indicator can be evaluated through a planning document integrated into a single map data infrastructure.
Sub-component 5.2. Monitoring and Evaluation
The protection system, the monitoring system and the FGRM will show how the program was implemented and contain information about the implementation of the program. Customers or the community can access the system online and anyone can submit their information or even complain directly through the system.
Sub-component 5.3. Program Communication
Actually, there is an existing monitoring system and FGRM in East Kalimantan, that system has been set up to support the implementation of sector programs for improving social and environmental management. The Monitoring System and FGRM for the FCPF Carbon Fund will use the existing system with enhancement of some components to adapt to the requirements of the implementation of the FCPF program.
POLICY IMPLICATIONS AND PROPOSED
- KEY ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL CONSIDERATIONS
- Environmental Considerations
- Social and Political Considerations
- Policy Analysis
- LINKING SESA STRATEGIC OPTIONS WITH ERP
- Environmental Considerations
- Social & Political Consideration
- CAPACITY BUILDING NEEDS AND ENGAGEMENT STRATEGIES
- FINANCIAL REQUIREMENTS AND RESOURCES (INDICATIVE)
- Resources
- Indicative Financial Requirements
SESA strategic options include recommendations for compliance with OP/BP 4.09 (Pest Management) and 4.04 on natural habitat. Capacity building for the government and private sector in dispute/conflict resolution and complaint handling, as well as environmental and social management and monitoring programs (ESMF and ESMP).
SUMMARY OF CONSULTATIONS
Topic What is the question Importance for REDD+ recommendations Capacity building Training on FREL FREL as part. Information on self-assessment of readiness to implement REDD+ activities Indonesia.
