STUDENTS’ SELF-ESTEEM ON SPEAKING PERFORMANCE
1)Puput Trisnawati, S.Pd Belinda2)Analido, M.Pd
3)Willy Satria, M.Pd
1English Education Study Program, STKIP PGRI Sumatera Barat, –Padang, [email protected], (1stWriter)
2English Education Study Program, STKIP PGRI Sumatera Barat, –Padang, [email protected], (2ndWriter)
3English Education Study Program, STKIP PGRI Sumatera Barat, –Padang, [email protected], (3rdWriter)
ABSTRACT
This research explains aboutstudents’ self-esteem on speaking performance. Self-esteem was person’s ability to measure the ability possessed by themselves. Students who had high self-esteem will be able to speak well in front of class, whereas students who had low self-esteem will be difficult to speak well in front of class.
This research was qualitative research. Total of participants was 65 of 323 students at the eleventh grade student of SMA Negeri 1 Basa Ampek Balai Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan. Sample of the research selected random sampling thecnique. The instruments that used observation. In observation process, the researcher used checklish based on indicator of students’ self-esteem. The result of this research was the eleventh grade students of SMA Negeri 1 Basa Ampek Balai Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan had low sense self-esteem on speaking performance. There were 22 students who had low sense of self-esteem with percentage was 33,84%, students who had middle sense of self-esteem, they were 20 students with percentage was 32,30%, students who had very low sense of self-esteem , they were only 4 students with percentage was 6,15%, the students who had high sense of self-esteem, they were 19 students with percentage was 29,23% and the researcher did not found students with very high sense of self-esteem on speaking performance. The mostly respondents of this research were not confidance to speak english in front of class and they could not speak english well.
Penelitian ini menjelaskan tentang harga diri siswa pada kemampuan berbicara siswa. Harga diri merupakam kemampuan seseorang untuk mengukur kemampuan yang dimiliki oleh dirinya sendiri. Seseorang yang memiliki harga diri yang tinggi akan mampu berbicara dengan baik didepan kelas, sedangkan seseorang yang memiliki harga diri yang rendah tidak mampu berbicara dengan baik didepan kelas. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif. Total semua partisipan adalah 65 dari 323 siswa kelas 2 di SMA Negeri 1 Basa Ampek Balai Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan. Pada penelitian ini, Peneliti menggunakan teknik random sampling dalam pengambilan sampel. Instumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah angket. Didalam angket, peneliti menggunakan ceklis pada indikator harga diri siswa. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa siswa kelas 2 di SMA Negeri 1 Basa Ampek Balai Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan memiliki harga diri yang rendah pada kemampuan berbicara. Sebanyak 22 siswa memiliki harga diri yang rendah dengan persentase 33,84%, siswa yang memiliki harga diri yang sedang adalah 20 siswa dengan persentase 32,30%, siswa yang memiliki harga diri yang sangat rendah terdiri dari 4 orang siswa dengan persentase 6,15%, siswa yang memiliki harga diri yang tinggi sebanyak 19 orang siswa dengan persentase 29,23% dan didalam penelitian ini, peneliti tidak menemukan siswa yang memiliki harga diri yang sangat tinggi pada kemampuan berbicara. Didalam penelitian ini, sebagian besar dari responden tidak memiliki kepercayaan diri untuk berbicara bahasa inggris di depan kelas dan mereka tidak dapat berbicara bahasa inggris dengan baik.
Key words: Students’ Self-Esteem, Speaking Performance
INTRODUCTION
Speaking performance is the ability to speak a certain language. We can express our ideas, opinions, or responses to other in discussion, speech or daily conversation. Through speaking activity the listeners get much information from the
speaker such information that happen around their life. It is supported by Steinberg (2001: 372) a theory of performance (1) to explain sentence production such as how speaker takes idea and render them into speech sounds, and (2) to explain sentence comprehension such as how speaker on receiving speech sounds, recover ideas from those
sounds. Meanwhile, Brown (2000:30) states that performance is the overtly and concentrate manisfestation or realization of competence. It means that performance can define as the realization of competence. It can be used the competence someone in the classroom. Someone with good performance has good competence automatically. This is why competence someone automatically good in speaking.
In addition, Hall (2014:74) adds performance is one type of communicative event that can take place in classroom. In speaking class, performance is the way of student can communicative each other. The student can do the interaction to other students. It claims how they show competence in the classroom. Interaction between the speaker and listeners in speaking activity will be communicative if they understand each other. In speaking the students should be able to speak english well in front of class to show she/he has good performance, and also the students should be able understand what the meaning of the word is, have good self confidence and know many vocabulary. The confidance is related to the self- esteem. Self-esteem is how we value ourselves. It is supported by Brown, J. D., & Marshall, M. A.
(2006), self-esteem is used to refer to a personality variable that represents the way people generally feel about themselves. It means that self-esteem is the way someone to judged of our selves as a person.
Furthermore, Baumeister (2003:3) states that self-esteem is thus perception rather than reality. It refers to a person’s belief about whether he or she is intelligent and attractive. Besides that according to Brown, Dutton & Cook (2001: 616), Self-esteem is most commonly used to refer to the way people characteristically feel about themselves. It means that self-esteem is how the people thinking about ourselves and how the people to value ourselves.
Meanwhile Hill (2013:2) argues that self- esteem is generally considered to be evaluative aspect of self- knowledge that reflects to the extent to which people like themselves and belive their competent. Based on the theory, self-esteem is how much someone believes how competence he/she is.
This refers to the people have a more and less of self-esteem. The self-esteem refers to evaluation of the self that are certain positive or negative thinking.
There were two types of self-esteem. They were students with high self-esteem and students with low self-esteem. Students with high self- esteem participate enthusiastically in the learning process. They are more confident, active and motivated towards learning. It means that students with high self-esteem have good communication with others. They are brave with their skills and do not afraid to do mistake. Their enjoys with
themselves. But students with low self-esteem do not participate actively in the teaching and learning process. They remain silent, passive and have a withdrawal attitude towards learning activities. It means that students with low self-esteem do not active in learning process and also they are poor communication with others. So that they are do not motivated in the learning process.
In addition, Martin (2009:301) mention that types of self-esteem, they are high self-esteem and low self-esteem. There is a match between feelings of competence and worthiness. People with high self-esteem feeling they will get competence and positive worthiness. They have high self confidence and associated with success. It means that the people that have high self-esteem, they do not afraid when they speak with other and they can express their idea with other without worried about something. Contras with low self- esteem, they feeling lack in competence and negative worthiness. It means that they have ineffective interactions, producing feeling of unhappiness and anxiety when they speak with others.
Accordingly, By the background toward this research, the researcher would like to find out and described about srudents’ self-esteem on speaking performance.
RESEARCH METHOD
This study expected to analyze student’s self esteem on speaking performance. Therefore, the researcher wanted to describe students’self-esteem at the eleventh grade students of SMA Negeri 1 Basa Ampek Balai academic year 2016/2017 Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan on students’ speaking performance. So the researcher used descriptive as research design in this research. Gay and Airasian (2000:275) states that Descriptive research is a research design that determines and describes the way things are. It is useful for investigating a variety of educational problems and issues.
Furthermore, Ormrod ( 2014:6) writes that descriptive study describes a situation and might give us information about the charecteristic of students, teachers, or school. It means that descriptive provides more information for more understanding about student’s characteristic such as: student’s self-esteem. Thus, by conducting this descriptive research, the researcher would describe deeply the fact about students’ self-esteem on speaking performance at the eleventh grade students of SMA Negeri 1 Basa Ampek Balai academic year 2016/2017 Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan.
To get the data, the researcher chose the eleventh grade students of SMA Negeri 1 Basa Ampek Balai academic year 2016/2017 Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan as the participant or respondent.
According to Gay and Airasian (2000:281), in selecting research respondent, the respondent should be able to provide the desire information and willing to provide it to researcher.
The total numbers of the eleventh grade students of SMA Negeri 1 Basa Ampek Balai kabupaten pesisir selatan were 323 students.
Furthermore, the respondent was very large that were nine classes. There were consist 138 of science students and 185 0f social students. The researcher used random sampling as the suitable technique to selected respondent. And the desired sample size was 20% of the total number of students. As Gay and Airasian (2000:134) note for descriptive research it is common to sample 10 to 20% of the population. The researcher had respondent 20% of 323 students. Thus, there were 64,6 respondents who provided the data for the researcher. As the respondents were human, the numbers of respondents made into 65 students. It took from 33 of science students and 32 of social students and the respondents were randomly selected. In this research, researcher used questionnaire to got the data. According to McMillan and schumacher(2001:257), questionnaire is the most widely use technique for obtaining information from subjects. It means that the research that used questionnaire more effective to got more information by the researcher about their research.
Meanwhile, Brace (2004:4) states that the questionnaire can thus be describes as rhe medium of conversation between two people, albeit that they are remote from each other and never communicate directly. It means that, questionnaire was a tool to communicates with someone by giving list of questions to got information about certain thing. It was effective due to the participants and researcher never communicates directly, so the researcher could giving questionnaire to some participants in the same time.
In this research, The researcher used closed-ended questionnaire. So, participant or respondent chose one of answer of responses from closed-ended question that was prepared by the researcher.
The questionnaire used indonesia language to reduce missunderstanding to the students. Then, the researcher analyzed the result of students’
questionnaire score. The questionnaire in this study was validated by English Departement lecturer before being distributed. The indicators of the questionnaire were presented in the following table:
Table 3.2 The Indicator Of Self-Esteem Questionnaire
No Indicator Sub indicator 1 High self-
esteem
Confident
Positive worthiness Happy
Positive-thinking Motivated
Competence Easy to adaptation Positive attitude Involved / active Positive relationship Feel comfortable Do not worried Pay attention Independent Do not afraid 2 Low self-
estee m
Uncommunicative Anxiety
Inability
Negative attitude Unhappy Uncomfortable Quite
Unmotivatived Lack competence Negative worthiness Do not confidance Non-risk taker Passive
Poor communicator Dependent
Sources :Supple(2000), Konrath (2012), Jordon &
Kelly in Ahmad et all (2013) and Martin (2009).
At the end, the researcher analyzed the data that are gotten. According to Gay and Airasian (2000:239), there are four steps of analyzing the data; reading/memoing, describing, classifying, and interpreting.
1. Reading/memoing, The first step in analyzing data was reading/memoing. In this step, the reseacher was read the data from the questionnaire. It was done to make the researcher familiar enough with the data gotten and the reseacher could make better interpretation.
2. Describing, In this step the researcher was describe each questionnaire into English, as the questionnaire was made in indonesia language. It was done to make better understanding before going to the next step.
In this step the researcher also described each student about how were their students’
self esteem from the result of questionnaire.
3. Classifying, Categoring and coding pieces of data and physically grouping them into themes. In this stage, the researcher would like to analyze the data by scoring the questionnnaire of student’s self-esteem. The researcher classified the questionnaire about student’s self-esteem by using Guttman scale with two option, Yes or No. The questionnaire would be formulated in statistic data to get its persentage.
The formula which was used from (sudijono, 2010:43)
P = x 100%
Where :
P : percentage for each student
F : total of student’s respond for the questionnaire
N : max point for the questionnaire 4. Interpreting, Interpreting and synthesizing
organize the data into general understanding. In this stage, the researcher would interpret how student’s self efficacies were by using interpretation scale from (Riduwan and Sunarto, 2014:23):
Range Interpretation
81%- 100% Very high
61% - 80% High
41% - 60% Middle
21% - 40% Low
0% - 20% Very low
After that, the researcher also interpreted the questionnaire about how were students’ self-esteem at the eleventh grade students of SMAN 1 Basa Ampek Balai Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan. The researcher interpreted by paying attention to the percentage of students answer in the questionnaire.
FINDINGS
Dealing with the data analysis which had been done through four stages: reading / memoing, Describing, Classifying, categorizing and coding pieces of data, and Interpreting and synthesizing the organize data into general understanding. the researcher formulates the finding and discussion of this research as follow:
1. Findings
In these cases the researcher described student’s self-esteem at the eleventh grade students of SMA N 1 Basa Ampek Balai Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan. After conducting the research, the researcher found that students’ self-esteem were high self-esteem, middle self-esteem, low self- esteem and very low self-esteem. The data can be seen in the following figure:
Graphic 5. Student’s self esteem on speaking performance
As a result of this research, the researcher found answer for the research question above. After conducting the research and analyzing the data, the researcher got findings as follow: the eleventh grade students of SMA Negeri 1 Basa Ampek Balai Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan had low sense self- esteem on speaking performance. There were 22 students who had low sense of self-esteem with percentage was 33,84%, students who had middle sense of self-esteem, they were 20 students with percentage was 32,30%, students who had very low sense of self-esteem , they were only 4 students with percentage was 6,15%, the students who had high sense of self-esteem, they were 19 students with percentage was 29,23% and the researcher did not found students with very high sense of self- esteem on speaking performance.
Majority of the students have all the criteria which stated by Jordon and Kelly in Ahmad et all (2013) states that Students with high self-esteem participate enthusiastically in the learning process.
They are more confident, active and motivated towards learning. But students with low self-esteem do not participate actively in the teaching and learning process. They remain silent, passive and have a withdrawal attitude towards learning activities. The differences among high, middle, low and very low self esteem only the frequency for each criterion such as student’s confidance when they were speak english in front of class spontaneously, the student felt english speaking ability was more prominet then friens and the student was able to speak english well in front of class. Overall, the result had proved what Supple (2000), Konrath (2013), Jordon and Kelly in Ahmad et all (2013) and Martin (2009) were explained in chapter II that someone can have different level of self-esteem on speaking performance.
Furthermore, the researcher found that middle self-esteem students have criteria as follow:
students who had middle self esteem mostly could not to speak english in front of class spontaneously;
most of students had not positive worthiness on speaking performance; some students felt happy if they made a little mistake when appearing to speak up in front of class; most of student not able to put out new ideas in english in front of class without distractions;and also students who had middle self esteem could not able to speak english well;
students who had middle self esteem mostly easily to communicate with teacher and their friends;
some students had positive attitude; active in learning process; most of students who had middle self-esteem often doubt what their talking about in fron of class; they always dare to speak english in front of class.
In addition, also found that low self esteem students have criteria as follow: mostly students had low self-esteem could not able to speak english student's self-esteem on speaking
performance
high middle low very low
in front of class spontaneously; most of them often silent in the classroom; they were often confused and scared when they got perform in front of class;
most of students often made mistakeswhen spoke english in front of class; students who had low self esteem did not like when the teacher asked them to perform in front of class; unhappy; most of them dared to speak english in front of class, they often made mistake when appearing to speak english in front of class, they had negative worthiness;non risk taker; the students who had low self esteem were passive students mostly.
In the other hand, the researcher found that very low self esteem students have criteria as follow: all of students who had very low self esteem could not speak english in front of class spontaneously; most of them often confused and scared when perform in front of class; they were often make mistake; all of them had negative attitude; students do not dare to speak english; all of students who had very low self esteem had lack of competence and negative worthiness and also they often asking for help to friends.
2. Interpretation
Based on the data analysis above, the researcher had the interpretation that students who in the eleventh grade students of SMA Negeri 1 Basa Ampek Balai Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan have different level self-esteem on speaking performance; high self-esteem, middle self-esteem, low self-esteem and very low self-esteem. In this research, the researcher did not found students’
very high self esteem. It can be seen that all of respondens at the eleventh grade students of SMA Negeri 1 Basa Ampek Balai academic year 2016/2017 Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan had not interpretation score were 81% to 100%. The mostly respondents of this research were not confidance to speak english in front of class and they could not speak english well.
In addition, research finding in this research have the higher percentage. It was student with low self esteem. the result can be seen on Graphic 5 page 43. So the researcher had interpretation that the eleventh grade students of SMA Negeri 1 Basa Ampek Balai Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan had low self esteem on speaking performace.
CONCLUSION
The students must have good self confidance to perform in front of class, The confidance refers to self-esteem. Self-esteem is our ability to value ourselves. The students need to have self-esteem not only in speaking perfomance but also every subject especially in english learning process. Self-esteem can help students to beliefs in their ability. However at the elevent grade students of SMA Negeri 1 Basa Ampek Balai academic year 2016/2017 Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan, the
researcher had been knows that some students did not able to speak english well in front of class and they often made any mistakes when they spoke english in front of class.
Based on research question that is stated in chapter 1 previously, the purpose of this research was to find out and describe how student’s self- esteem on speaking perfomance at the eleventh grade students of SMA Negeri 1 Basa Ampek Balai academic year 2016/2017 Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan. Research results had allowed the researcher to arrive at the following conclusion;
self-esteem of the eleventh grade students of SMA Negeri 1 Basa Ampek Balai Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan were high self-esteem, middle self-esteem, low self-esteem and very low-self esteem. The point out that, there were students’ very high self esteem on speaking performace at the eleventh grade students of SMA Negeri 1 Basa Ampek Balai Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan. Mostly the students had low self esteem and the lowest level of their self esteem on speaking performance was on very low self esteem.
Considering of the result of the research, the researcher wants to give suggestion that for the teacher to have better understanding of student’s self esteem and the teacher can improve the way to teach and will have the way to increase student’s self-esteem in any learning situation especially speaking performance. Then, for the students after knowing their own self esteem, for low and very low self esteem students must be increase their self esteem, not only for speaking performance but also every subject. The researcher also suggested to the next researcher who has interested to this research to conduct other related research in the large scope.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Alhamdulillahirabbil`alaamiin. First of all, the researcher would like to addres gratitude to Allah SWT the almighty who has given me the strength, health and bless to complete this thesis. Next, thanks to propet Muhammad saw as inspiration to keep fighting to finish this thesis entitled “Students Self-Esteem on Speaking Performance at the eleventh grade students of SMA Negeri 1 Basa Ampek Balai Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan” this thesis is aimed to fulfill one of the requirements for bachelor’s degree in English Education at STKIP PGRI Padang West Sumatera.
Furthermore, the researcher also expresses big appreciation and gratitude toward researcher`s parents ( Kembarto and Patmawati), and advisors ( Belinda Analido, M.Pd., and Willy Satria, M.Pd) who have given very great mentally and materially supports, love, prays, and motivation in finishing this thesis; who have given their precious time, support, affection, attention, technically and mentally guidance, motivation, and knowledge in
the entire processes of writing and revising this thesis.
In short, the researcher hopes and expects that this thesis will become a useful reference for other researcher in conducting the same field of research, all elements that need the information about students’ self-esteem on speaking performance.
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