The Study of Waste Management and Its Usefulness in the Old City Area, Jakarta
Pramiati Purwaningrum1*, Dwi Indrawati2, Tasya Oemar3, Grace Celine Simatupang4
1,2,3,4Environmental Engineering Department, Trisakti University, Jakarta Indonesia
*Corresponding email: [email protected]
Received: July 3, 2022 Approved: Juli 23, 2022
Abstract
The Old City is an area with high economic value because they have different tourist centers, businesses, services, and trades. However, the residents' settlements and other activities in this area failed to be equipped with adequate sanitation facilities. In DKI Jakarta, rapid population growth directly and indirectly affects waste volume generation because waste management needs to be properly performed in line with existing regulations. This study aimed to analyze the generation and composition of organic waste using the Black Soldier Fly (BSF). Therefore, it is necessary to obtain recyclable waste in the industry This situation makes it necessary for people to discover the recyclable and processing organic waste. The results showed that the waste generation rate in Taman Sari Sub-District was 2.75 liters/person/day. It also indicated that organic, plastic, and paper waste are 29.24%, 35.09%, and 27.13% respectively. Therefore, organic waste processing needs to be performed by composting using the Black Soldier Fly larvae media such as magot.
Keywords: waste composition, recycling, organic waste, Black Soldier Fly
Abstrak
Kawasan Kota Tua diarahkan menjadi Kawasan cagar budaya yang memiliki nilai ekonomi tinggi sebagai kawasan wisata, bisnis, jasa, dan perdagangan. Permukiman penduduk dan kegiatan lainnya di kawasan Kota Tua diketahui belum dilengkapi dengan fasilitas sanitasi yang memadai dalam hal pengelolaan persampahannya. Pertumbuhan penduduk yang pesat di DKI Jakarta secara langsung maupun tidak langsung akan berdampak pada volume timbulan sampah sehingga pengelolaan sampah di sekitar Kawasan Kota Tua Jakarta harus dilakukan dengan baik dan sesuai peraturan yang ada. Tujun penelitian adalah melakukan analisis timbulan dan komposisi sampah serta pemanfaatan sampah organik diolah menggunakan Black Soldier Fly. Oleh sebab itu perlu diketahui potensi sampah yang dapat didaur ulang.
Berdasarkan hal tersebut perlu diketahui potensi sampah yang dapat didaur ulang dan pengolahan sampah organik. Berdasarkan hasil analisis sampling timbulan sampah diperoleh laju timbulan sampah Kecamatan Taman Sari sebesar 2,75 liter/orang/hari. Dan hasil analisis komposisi sampah, yang dominan adalah sampah organik (29,24%), sampah plastik (35,09%) dan sampah kertas (27,13%). Untuk itu sebagai alternatif pengolahan sampah organik dapat dilakukan pengolahan sampah dengan cara pengomposan menggunakan media larva Black Soldier Fly yaitu magot.
Kata Kunci: komposisi sampah, daur ulang, sampah organic, Black Soldier Fly
1. Introduction
The Old City of Jakarta is an area with high economic value because they have different tourist centers, businesses, services, and trades. This area is owned by PT. Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero) but occupied by other residents. However, the citizens' settlements and other activities in this city failed to be equipped with adequate sanitation facilities. In DKI Jakarta, rapid population growth directly and indirectly affects waste volume generation because waste management needs to be properly performed in line with the existing regulations. Three R concepts including reduce, reuse, and recycling needs to be considered while performing proper waste management. According to Presidential Regulation No. 97/2021, only 30%
of the residue is disposed to the landfill of the Old City. The use of Black Soldier Fly larvae become one of the alternative ways to reduce waste before entering the Final Processing Site (disposal). This BSF is a facility that assists in providing residue as feed in the larval phase. However, Taman Sari Sub-district which is the area near Kota Tua help to create organic waste processing with Black Soldier Fly. The BSF facility failed to support the Adipura Basic Concept and Indonesia Clean and Waste Free program in 2025.
Therefore, alternative waste management is needed for environmental improvement efforts. This study aims to analyze the existing condition of organic waste using Black Soldier Fly (BSF).
2. Material and Methods
This study was performed through 3 stages including preparation, data collection, and data analysis.
The preparation consists of environmental conditions and determination, while the data collection comprised the volume and analysis of waste composition. This study was conducted by taking different samples from the site, calculating the volume, and analyzing the waste composition while paying attention to health protocols for 8 days. Furthermore, the composition and characteristics of the residue are tested in the laboratory. A trial of waste processing with composting was carried out in the laboratory using the Black Soldier Fly media. Meanwhile, data analysis was performed using the Black Soldier Fly (BSF). Based on SK-SNI 19-3964-1994, a total of 12 samples was selected from the household, market, and restaurant using stratified random and waste sampling method. The following are the 12 study variations.
Table 1. Sample variation by waste source No. Sample
Code Waste Source Organic Waste
Composition Treatment Variations 1. PSB1 Market Vegetables & Fruits Not Chopped 2. PSB2 Market Vegetables & Fruits Not Chopped 3. PSBC1 Market Vegetables & Fruits Chopped 4. PSBC2 Market Vegetables & Fruits Chopped
5. RM1 Restaurant Leftovers Not Chopped
6. RM2 Restaurant Leftovers Not Chopped
7. RMC1 Restaurant Leftovers Chopped
8. RMC2 Restaurant Leftovers Chopped
9. RT1 Household Leftovers,
Vegetables & Fruit
Not Chopped
10. RT2 Household Leftovers,
Vegetables & Fruit
Not Chopped
11. RTC1 Household Leftovers,
Vegetables & Fruit
Chopped
12. RTC2 Household Leftovers,
Vegetables & Fruit
Chopped Source: Research design, 2021
The study was conducted with a composition of organic waste worth 1000 grams through a larval weight of 20 grams equivalent to 500 tails. However, another composition of these grams was added after the 1st, 5th, and 8th days. On the 13th day, the BSF larvae were tested to determine their life cycle and the results were tested with physical and chemical parameters. The compost produced from the organic waste was compared with the quality of SNI 7763:2018 through the Solid Organic Fertilizer. This results showed that SNI 3148.3-2009, SNI 3148.4-2009, and SNI 3148.5-2009 are the protein content produced for layers, hens, and broiler respectively. Meanwhile, the physical and chemical characteristics, as well as the maggot's protein content were tested in the laboratory.
3. Results and Discussion
The results showed that the rate of waste generation in the Taman Sari Sub-district was 2.75 liters/person/day. Table 2 shows the results of the waste composition.
Table 2. Waste composition
Waste Composition Percentage (%) Recyceable Unrecycable
Organic 29.24 - 29.24
Plastic 35.09 - -
* PET bottles - 9.14 -
* HDPE plastic - 5.81 -
* PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) - - 0.00
* LDPE plastic - - 6.39
* Polypropylene (PP) - 1.52 -
* Polystyrene (PS) - - 3.95
* Others - - 8.28
Paper 27.13 - -
* Cardboard box - 4.49 -
* HVS paper - 9.93 -
Waste Composition Percentage (%) Recyceable Unrecycable
* Kraft Paper - 5.04 -
* Newspapers and magazines - 4.98 -
*Carton - 2.69 -
Tin 1.87 1.87 -
Metal 0.00 0.00 -
Fabrics/Textiles 0.24 - 0.24
Glass/Glass 0.33 - 0.33
Wood 0.69 - 0.69
Rubber, synthetic leather 0.57 - 0.57
B3 2.53 - 2.53
Etc 2.32 - 2.32
Total 100 45,47 54,53
Source: Analysis result, 2021
The analysis showed that organic, plastic, and paper waste are 29.24%, 35.09%, and 27.13%
respectively. Therefore, organic waste processing needs to be performed by composting using the Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larvae. The analysis results showed that the suitable and unsuitable waste for recycling is 45.47% and 54.43%, respectively. Based on observations in the field, residue with economic value deserves to be recycled because it tends to be reused by the industry. About 29.24% of waste is recycled and the unsuitable one is disposed of at the Final Processing Site. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze data using BSF on a regional scale because organic waste processing was carried out in different villages through the RW scale. Table 3 shows the residue generated from domestic and non-domestic sources is reseparated into food, vegetable, and fruit.
Table 3. Results of sampling of organic waste generation
Garbage Source
Average Overall Waste Generation (kg/day)
Average Organic Waste Generation (kg/day)
Average Vegetable &
Fruit Waste Generation (kg/day)
Average Food Waste Generation
(kg/day)
Average Generation of Dried Twigs
& Leaves Garbage
(kg/day) Domestic
Households 134.85 45.55 15.49 22.32 7.74
Non-Domestic
Restaurants 29.69 9.15 2.65 4.21 2.29
Markets 32.60 17.23 8.96 8.27 0.00
Offices 16.58 4.84 0.77 2.47 1.60
Shops 17.61 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Schools 49.76 21.50 5.81 5.59 10.11
Street Sweeping (500m)
31.45 15.29 0.00 0.00 15.29
Total Domestic
134.85 45.55 15.49 22.32 7.74
Total Non- Domestic
177.68 68.02 18.20 20.54 29.28
Total Dom + Non- Dom
312.54 113.57 33.68 42.86 37.03
Source: Analysis results, 2021
The analysis results showed that the largest amount of organic waste produced is from households, restaurants, and markets. Therefore, all residues from these sources tend to be composted using the Black Soldier Fly. A total of 12 variations of organic waste samples were obtained from restaurants, markets, and households. This includes the unchopped and chopped waste originating from the market in the form of
vegetables & fruit as PS1 & PS2 and PSC1 & PSC2 respectively. Table 4 shows the analysis of organic waste from each source.
Table 4. Results of analysis of organic waste composition in each waste source
% Composition of Organic Waste Total %
Composition of Processed Waste
BSF Larvae Garbage
Source
Composition of Inorganic Waste (%)
Vegetables
& Fruits
Leftovers Dried Twigs
&
Leaves
Total % Composition
of Organic Waste Households
66.22% 11.45% 16.44% 5.89% 33.78% 27.89%
Restaurants
69.16% 5.04% 25.80% 0.00% 30.84% 30.84%
Markets 47.14% 27.42% 25.45% 0.00% 52.86% 52.86%
Offices 70.82% 4.71% 14.89% 9.57% 29.18% 19.60%
Shops 100.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Schools 56.79% 11.80% 11.23% 20.18% 43.21% 23.03%
Street Sweeping (500m)
51.38% 0.00% 0.00% 48.62% 48.62% 0.00%
Source: Analysis results, 2021
Also, it involves the unchopped and chopped ones originating from restaurants in the form of food to become RM1 & RM2 and RMC1 & RMC2. The variations include unchopped and chopped waste from households in the form of vegetables, fruit, and food as RT1 & RT2 and RTC1 & RTC2, respectively.
Table 5 shows the parameters of pH, temperature, and water content.
Table 5. Results of analysis of preliminary characteristics of organic waste No. Sample Variation pH Temperature Initial
Water Content*
Final Water Content**
1. PS1 6.5 31oC 73% 69%
2. PS2 6.7 30 oC 77% 67%
3. PSC1 6.3 30 oC 79% 68%
4. PSC2 6.1 31oC 75% 66%
5. RM1 6.3 30 oC 62% 62%
6. RM2 6.9 30 oC 59% 64%
7. RMC1 6.2 31 oC 65% 65%
8. RMC2 6.8 31 oC 65% 65%
9. RT1 6.1 30 oC 71% 62%
10. RT2 6.3 31 oC 63% 63%
11. RTC1 6.6 30 oC 76% 64%
12. RTC2 6.3 31 oC 78% 66%
Source: Analysis results, 2021
Based on the results, organic waste processing with BSF larvae reduced to 2,306 grams from 2,861 grams or become equivalent to 77% from 95%. The overall reduction of the 12 sample variations used in this study reached 86%. However, the highest and lowest value of organic waste from the market and households are from 89 to 95% and 77 to 82% respectively. The enumeration treatment tends to increase the sample reduction and the unchopped waste from 77 – 95% and 78 – 82% respectively. According to Suciati and Faruq (2017), the larvae prefer organic waste with a soft texture as food. Table 6 below shows the organic waste sample reduction.
Table 6. Organic waste sample reduction
No. Sample
Code
Initial Weight (grams)
Weight Reduction
(grams)
Final Weight (grams)
% reduction
1. PSB1 1750 1490 260 85%
2. PSB2 1783 1463 320 82%
3. PSBC1 1651 1422 229 86%
4. PSBC2 1607 1468 139 91%
5. RM1 1871 1463 408 78%
6. RM2 1761 1328 433 75%
7. RMC1 1628 1291 337 79%
8. RMC2 2004 1605 399 80%
9. RT1 1998 1326 672 66%
10. RT2 1758 1213 545 69%
11. RTC1 2183 1489 694 68%
12. RTC2 2093 1541 552 74%
% Average Reduction 78%
Source: Analysis results, 2021
This study was conducted for 12 days and it indicated that organic waste processing varies among households, markets, and restaurants. The results were not chopped and met because the N quality requirements, Organic C, C/N ratio, P2O5, and K2O5 are 2.618%, 35.12%, 13.42%, 1.484%, and 7.972%
respectively. In the measurement of physical parameters, the water content is 14.1%, while in BSF larval protein test, the restaurant waste is 10.15.
4. Conclusion
Based on the analysis results, the waste generation in the Taman Sari District is 2.75 liters/person/day. It also showed that organic, plastic, and paper waste are 29.24%, 35.09%, and 27.13%
respectively. The results showed that about 29.24% of organic waste from markets, restaurants, and households are processed using BSF. It also indicated that the residue with economic value deserves to be recycled because it tends to be reused by industry. Therefore, waste processing is performed by composting using the Black Soldier Fly larvae media such as magot.
5. Acknowledgment
The author is grateful to the Institute for Research and Community Service and PT Kereta Api Indonesia, as well as the team who has contributed a lot to this study.
6. Abbreviations
BSF Black Soldier Flyer
% Percentage
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