Supplemental Table 4. Result summary of studies performed in the perioperative setting with no induced hypothermia 4-I. Trials Comparing One or More Interventions With Control Antishivering Methods (N of comparison groups, N of subjects)

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Supplemental Table 4. Result summary of studies performed in the perioperative setting with no induced hypothermia

4-I. Trials Comparing One or More Interventions With Control Antishivering Methods

(N of comparison groups, N of subjects)

Timing of Intervention

Positive Results

Negative Results

RT/RCT Other^a RT/RCT Other

Active cutaneous warming (26, 1246)

Forced-air warming (19, 934)

Intraoperatively (21, 1001) (16, 835) (7, 386) - (3, 208) (2, 92) (2, 92) -

Postoperatively (3, 68) - - -

Preoperatively (2, 230) (1, 7) - -

Intra- + Postoperatively

(2, 81) - - -

Pre- +

Intraoperatively

(2, 70) - - -

Electric heating pad/blanket (5, 252)

Intraoperatively (4, 136) (3, 120) - (1, 116) (1, 116) -

Preoperatively (1, 16) - - -

Radiant heating (2, 60)

Postoperatively (1, 30) (1, 30) (1, 30) - - -

Body core warming (13, 700)

Warmed fluid (10, 573)

Pre- +

Intraoperatively

(6, 297) (5, 251) - - (7, 403) (5, 322) (1, 113) -

Intraoperatively (4, 221) - (4, 209) -

Preoperatively (1, 30) - - -

Warmed air (3, 127)

Intraoperatively (1, 46) (1, 46) - (2, 81) (1, 51) -

Postoperatively - - (1, 30) -

Passive cutaneous warming (4, 236)

Space blanket (3, 176)

Intraoperatively (2, 118) (2, 118) (2, 118) - (2, 118) (1, 58) - - Pre- +

Postoperatively

- - (1, 58) -

Elastic bandage (1, 60)

Intraoperatively - - - (1, 60) (1, 60) -

Electroacupuncture (1, 80)

Preoperatively (1, 80) (1, 80) (1, 80) - - - - -

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Active cutaneous warming + Body core warming (2, 114)

Forced-air warming + Warmed fluid (2, 114)

Intraoperatively (2, 114) (2, 114) (2, 114) - - - - -

4-II. Trials Comparing Two or More Interventions Against Each Other Antishivering Methods

Timing of Intervention

Positive Results

Negative Results

(N of comparison groups, N of subjects) Between different types

of active cutaneous warming

(7, 381)

Forced-air warming vs. Water circulating mattress

(3, 189)

Intraoperatively Less shivering in forced-air warming groups compared with water-circulating mattress group (2, 136)

No difference (1, 53)

Forced-air warming vs. Electric heating (1, 60)

Intraoperatively - No difference (1, 60)

Radiant heating vs. Electric heating (1, 24)

Postoperatively Less shivering in radiant heating group compared with electric blanket group (1, 24)

-

Forced-air warming at different body parts (2, 108)

Intraoperatively - Legs vs. Arms: No difference (1, 48)

Whole body vs upper body: No difference (1, 60)

Between different types of boy core warming (4, 164)

Air warming systems (2, 65)

Intraoperatively - HH vs. HME: No difference (2, 65)

Fluid warming systems (2, 99)

Intraoperatively Less shivering in Hotline group compared with Flotem IIe group (1, 49)

Hotline vs Fluid warming cabinet: No difference (1, 50)

Active cutaneous warming vs. Body core warming

(1, 30)

Forced-air warming vs. Warmed fluid (1, 30)

Preoperatively Less shivering in warmed fluid group compared with forced-air warming group (1, 30)

-

Active cutaneous warming vs. Passive cutaneous warming (1, 30)

Radiant heating vs.

Space blanket (1, 30)

Postoperatively - No difference (1, 30)

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Active cutaneous warming vs. Passive cutaneous warming + Body core warming (1, 37)

Forced-air warming vs. Space blanket + Warmed fluid (1, 37)

Intra- (+ Post) operatively

- No difference (1, 37)

aOther types of study design include ‘crossover RCT’ and ‘quasi-experimental design’. Quasi-experimental design includes one-group pretest-posttest design and one-group repeated treatment design.

RT=randomized trial, RCT=randomized controlled trial, HH=heated humidifier, HME=heat and moisture exchanger