SUPPLEMENTAL TABLES FOR:
PARATHYROID HORMONE AND THE RISK OF INCIDENT HYPERTENSION: THE ATHEROSCLEROSIS RISK IN COMMUNITIES (ARIC) STUDY
Lu YAO, Aaron R. FOLSOM, James S. PANKOW, Elizabeth SELVIN, Erin D. MICHOS, Alvaro ALONSO, Weihong TANG, Pamela L. LUTSEY
Supplemental Table 1. Race-stratified baseline characteristics by quintiles of parathyroid hormone: The ARIC Study (1990-1992)
Characteristics a Quintile 1 Quintile 2 Quintile 3 Quintile 4 Quintile 5 Linear trend Pc Whites
N 1332 1314 1266 1245 1083
Parathyroid hormone, pg/Ml
Median 24.8 32.0 38.2 45.2 57.5
Range 3.2 - 28.8 28.9 - 34.9 35.0 - 41.5 41.6 - 50.1 50.2 - 129.5 Demographics
Age, year 55.6 (5.4) 56.1 (5.6) 56.3 (5.5) 56.3 (5.6) 56.7 (5.6) <0.001
Male, % 44.6 42.6 46.5 40.5 38.5 <0.001
Education, % <0.001
< High school 13.6 12.3 13.8 11.1 11.0
high school 47.8 45.8 43.9 44.7 44.4
> high school 38.6 41.9 42.3 44.2 44.5
Behavioral Factors
Smoking status, % <0.001
Current 35.3 23.9 19.3 13.0 10.6
Past 29.5 36.1 41.8 43.5 42.5
Never 35.3 39.9 38.9 43.5 46.9
Drinking status, % 0.004
Current 66.6 68.2 67.2 66.3 65.9
Past 17.5 15.4 16.1 13.3 14.4
Never 15.9 16.3 16.7 20.4 19.7
Physical activity score 2.6 (0.8) 2.6 (0.8) 2.6 (0.8) 2.6 (0.8) 2.5 (0.8) <0.001 Physiologic Characteristics
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg 111 (12) 112 (12) 113 (12) 114 (12) 114 (12) <0.001 Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg 67.6 (8.2) 67.8 (8.2) 68.7 (8.4) 69.3 (8.0) 69.6 (8.0) <0.001 Body mass index, kg/m2 25.8 (4.1) 26.2 (0.8) 26.7 (7.6) 26.9 (4.3) 27.7 (5.2) <0.001 Serum calcium, mg/dL 9.36 (0.39) 9.31 (0.38) 9.26 (0.41) 9.24 (0.36) 9.23 (0.45) <0.001 Serum 25(OH)D, ng/mLb 28.3 (8.4) 27.3 (8.5) 26.7 (7.6) 25.2 (7.4) 23.8 (7.7) <0.001
Serum phosphorous, mg/dL 3.64 (0.49) 3.58 (0.45) 3.52 (0.46) 3.49 (0.44) 3.39 (0.46) <0.001 C-reactive protein, mg/dL 3.43 (6.26) 3.24 (5.73) 2.85 (4.94) 3.44 (6.95) 3.55 (8.35) <0.001 eGFR (SD), ml/min/1.73 m2 96.3 (13.6) 96.4 (13.6) 96.4 (13.6) 97.1 (13.9) 95.7 (14.3) 0.043
Blacks
N 169 184 237 256 418
Parathyroid hormone, pg/mL
Median 25.3 32.0 38.0 45.5 60.1
Range 6.1 - 28.8 28.9 - 34.9 35.0 - 41.5 41.6 - 50.1 50.2 - 162.6 Demographics
Age, year 54.3 (5.6) 55.0 (5.6) 55.5 (5.9) 54.4 (5.5) 55.1 (5.4) 0.016
Male, % 52.3 50.5 41.6 36.5 25.9 <0.001
Education, % 0.003
< High school 34.2 34.5 34.5 28.2 27.5
high school 30.3 31.0 23.9 27.1 31.4
> high school 35.5 34.5 41.6 44.7 41.1
Behavioral Factors
Smoking status, % <0.001
Current 39.8 28.7 24.9 23.4 17.0
Past 28.5 30.6 31.2 28.8 27.8
Never 31.7 40.8 43.9 47.8 55.2
Drinking status, % <0.001
Current 40.8 39.2 38.3 32.5 33.0
Past 31.2 26.1 30.2 30.6 25.4
Never 28.0 34.7 31.5 36.9 41.6
Physical activity score 2.2 (0.8) 2.3 (0.7) 2.2 (0.7) 2.1 (0.7) 2.1 (0.6) 0.001 Physiologic Characteristics
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg 113 (11) 115 (11) 116 (12) 116 (11) 116 (12) <0.001 Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg 69.2 (7.9) 70.6 (7.5) 71.0 (8.0) 71.3 (7.7) 71.4 (8.0) 0.002 Body mass index, kg/m2 26.2 (4.6) 27.9 (4.4) 28.2 (5.3) 28.8 (5.2) 30.1 (6.1) <0.001 Serum calcium, mg/dL 9.49 (0.41) 9.42 (0.38) 9.46 (0.41) 9.38 (0.48) 9.34 (0.45) <0.001 Serum 25(OH)D, ng/mLb 21.6 (6.7) 21.5 (6.8) 19.7 (6.3) 18.8 (6.7) 17.4 (6.6) <0.001 Serum phosphorous, mg/dL 3.67 (0.48) 3.64 (0.48) 3.71 (0.47) 3.59 (0.53) 3.53 (0.47) <0.001
C-reactive protein, mg/L 3.60 (4.63) 3.73 (5.77) 3.54 (3.67) 4.26 (5.54) 5.25 (7.94) <0.001 eGFR (SD), ml/min/1.73 m2 106 (16) 105 (15) 105 (14) 106 (17) 106 (16) 0.81 GFR: glomerular filtration rate
a For a continuous variable, mean (SD) was expressed unless specified
bAdjusted for season by adding residuals, obtained from regression with 25(OH)D on season of visit, to overall mean value
c Tested by modeling median values of the quintiles as a continuous variable
Supplemental Table 2. Adjusted hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) by Cox proportional hazard regression analysis for the association between parathyroid hormone level and incident hypertension over a median of 6 years of follow-up: The ARIC Study (1990 to 1999)
Quintile 1(ref) Quintile 2 Quintile 3 Quintile 4 Quintile 5 Linear trend P Overall (N=7,504)
PTH Median, pg/mL 24.9 32.0 38.2 45.2 58.1
PTH Range, pg/mL 3.2 - 28.8 28.9 - 34.9 35.0 - 41.5 41.6 - 50.1 50.2 - 162.6
No. of incident hypertension 350 344 400 426 476
Crude IR (95% CI), 1000 person-yr
42.8 (38.6, 47.6)
42.3 (38.0, 47.0)
49.5 (44.9, 54.6)
52.7 (47.9, 57.9)
60.9 (55.5, 66.6)
Model 1 1 0.95
(0.82, 1.10)
1.08 (0.94, 1.25)
1.11 (0.96, 1.28)
1.23 (1.07, 1.42)
<0.001
Model 2 1 0.93
(0.80, 1.08)
1.06 (0.92, 1.23)
1.06 (0.92, 1.23)
1.11 (0.96, 1.28)
0.048
Whites (N=6,240)
PTH Median, pg/mL 24.8 32.0 38.2 45.2 57.5
PTH Range, pg/mL 3.2 - 28.8 28.9 - 34.9 35.0 - 41.5 41.6 - 50.1 50.2 - 129.5
No. of incident hypertension 296 285 304 317 285
Crude IR (95% CI), 1000 person-yr
40.5 (36.1, 45.4)
39.6 (35.3, 44.5)
44.1 (39.4, 49.4)
46.6 (41.7, 52.0)
48.9 (43.6, 54.9)
Model 1 1 0.96
(0.84, 1.10)
1.05 (0.92, 1.20)
1.10 (0.97, 1.25)
1.08 (0.95, 1.24)
0.048
Model 2 1 0.93
(0.81, 1.06)
1.02 (0.89, 1.16)
1.05 (0.92, 1.19)
0.94 (0.82, 1.08)
0.95
Blacks (N=1,264)
PTH Median, pg/mL 25.3 32.0 38.0 45.5 60.1
PTH Range, pg/mL 6.1 - 28.8 28.9 - 34.9 35.0 - 41.5 41.6 - 50.1 50.2 - 162.6
No. of incident hypertension 54 59 96 109 191
Crude IR (95% CI), 1000 person-yr
63.0 (48.3, 82.3)
62.2 (48.2, 80.3)
80.7 (66.1, 98.6)
84.7 (70.2, 102.2)
95.8 (83.1, 110.4)
Model 1 1 0.88 (0.64, 1.20)
1.14 (0.86, 1.51)
1.13 (0.86, 1.49)
1.43 (1.10, 1.85)
<0.001
Model 2 1 0.85
(0.63, 1.16)
1.10 (0.83, 1.46)
1.10 (0.83, 1.46)
1.36 (1.05, 1.77)
<0.001
CI: confidence interval; IR: incidence rate; PTH: parathyroid hormones
Model 1: Adjusted for age, sex, race-center and season; not adjusted for race-center in analyses stratified by race
Model 2: Adjusted for Model 1 plus educational attainment, physical activity, smoking status, alcohol intake, and body mass index
Supplemental Table 3. Adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals by Cox proportional hazard regression analysis for incident hypertension according to a parathyroid hormone clinical cut-point: The ARIC Study (1990-1999)
Parathyroid hormone
"Normal" (< 65.0 pg/mL) Elevated (≥ 65.0 pg/mL) Overall (N=7,504)
N (%) 7060 (94.1%) 444 (5.9%)
Model 1 1 1.26 (1.07, 1.49)
Model 2 1 1.13 (0.96, 1.34)
Whites (N=6,240)
N (%) 5956 (95.5%) 284 (4.6%)
Model 1 1 1.14 (0.90, 1.44)
Model 2 1 0.97 (0.77, 1.23)
Blacks (N=1,264)
N (%) 1104 (87.3%) 160 (12.7%)
Model 1 1 1.39 (1.09, 1.77)
Model 2 1 1.33 (1.04, 1.70)
Model 1: Adjusted for age, sex, race-center and season; not adjusted for race-center in analyses stratified by race
Model 2: Adjusted for Model 1 plus educational attainment, physical activity, smoking status, alcohol intake, and body mass index
Supplemental Table 4. Adjusted hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) by Cox proportional hazard regression analysis for the association between parathyroid level and incident self-reported hypertension over a median of 12 years of follow-up: The ARIC Study (1990-2012)
Quintile 1(ref) Quintile 2 Quintile 3 Quintile 4 Quintile 5 Linear trend P Overall (N=6,448)
PTH Median, pg/mL 24.83 31.90 37.89 45.12 57.53
PTH Range, pg/mL 3.71-28.81 28.82-34.74 34.75-41.33 41.35-49.92 49.93-171.40
No. of incident hypertension 845 839 864 898 888
Crude IR (95% CI), 1000 person-yr
53.1 (49.6, 56.8)
50.8 (47.5, 54.4)
55.2 (51.6, 59.0)
58.8 (55.1, 62.8)
60.2 (56.3, 64.3)
Model 1 1 0.94
(0.85, 1.03)
1.02 (0.93, 1.12)
1.08 (0.99, 1.19)
1.07 (0.97, 1.18)
0.01
Model 2 1 0.94
(0.85, 1.03)
1.00 (0.91, 1.10)
1.05 (0.95, 1.16)
0.98 (0.89, 1.09)
0.48
White (N=5,339)
PTH Median, pg/mL 24.81 31.88 37.88 44.99 57.23
PTH Range, pg/mL 3.71-28.81 28.82-34.74 34.75-41.33 41.35-49.92 49.93-119.20
No. of incident hypertension 723 722 714 708 592
Crude IR (95% CI), 1000 person-yr
50.7 (47.2, 54.6)
48.5 (45.1, 52.2)
52.6 (48.9, 56.6)
55.8 (51.8, 60.1)
53.4 (49.2, 57.8)
Model 1 1 0.93
(0.84, 1.04)
1.03 (0.93, 1.14)
1.10 (0.99, 1.22)
1.03 (0.92, 1.15)
0.06
Model 2 1 0.93
(0.84, 1.04)
1.02 (0.91, 1.13)
1.07 (0.96, 1.19)
0.95 (0.85, 1.07)
0.65
Black (N=1,109)
PTH Median, pg/mL 24.98 32.04 37.96 45.51 58.37
PTH Range, pg/mL 14.63-28.80 28.82-34.71 34.85-41.31 41.36-49.90 49.98-171.40
No. of incident hypertension 122 117 150 190 296
Crude IR (95% CI), 1000 person-yr
73.6 (61.7, 87.9)
72.1 (60.1, 86.4)
71.5 (60.9, 83.9)
73.8 (64.1, 85.1)
80.9 (72.2, 90.6)
Model 1 1 0.95 (0.74, 1.19)
0.93 (0.73, 1.19)
1.00 (0.79, 1.25)
1.08 (0.87, 1.34)
0.27
Model 2 1 0.93
(0.72, 1.21)
0.90 (0.70, 1.15)
0.94 (0.74, 1.19)
1.00 (0.80, 1.25)
0.79
CI: confidence interval; IR: incidence rate; PTH: parathyroid hormones
Model 1: Adjusted for age, sex, race-center and season; not adjusted for race-center in analyses stratified by race
Model 2: Adjusted for Model 1 plus educational attainment, physical activity, smoking status, alcohol intake, and body mass index
Supplemental Table 5. Adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals by Cox proportional hazard regression analysis for incident self-reported hypertension according to a parathyroid hormone clinical cut-point: The ARIC Study (1990-2012)
Parathyroid hormone
"Normal" (< 65.00 pg/mL) Elevated (≥ 65.00 pg/mL) Overall (N=6,448)
N (%) 6106 (94.7) 342 (5.3)
Model 1 1 1.15 (1.01, 1.31)
Model 2 1 1.05 (0.92, 1.20)
White (N=5,339)
N (%) 5114 (95.8) 225 (4.2)
Model 1 1 1.06 (0.90, 1.25)
Model 2 1 0.97 (0.82, 1.14)
Black (N=1,109)
N (%) 992 (89.45) 117 (10.6)
Model 1 1 1.28 (1.04, 1.58)
Model 2 1 1.21 (0.98, 1.49) Model 1: Adjusted for age, sex, race-center and season; not adjusted for race-center in analyses stratified by race
Model 2: Adjusted for Model 1 plus educational attainment, physical activity, smoking status, alcohol intake, and body mass index
