Supplementary Digital Content 2. Potentially preventable hospitalizations (PPH)a among American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) adult Medicare enrollees who were registered to use services funded by the Indian Health Service and non‐Hispanic white (White) adult Medicare enrollees. 2010.
Health status
AI/AN adults Non‐Hispanic white adults
Number of PPH
Percent (column)
PPH per 1,000 adults
95%
Confidence interval
Number of PPH
Percent (column)
PPH per 1,000 adults
95%
Confidence interval
All adults
18 ‐ 45 366 37* (33, 41) 5,612 28 (27, 29)
45 ‐ 54 625 57* (53, 62) 11,736 43 (42, 43)
55 ‐ 64 1,066 72* (68, 76) 22,824 56 (55, 57)
65 ‐ 69 1,080 45* (42, 47) 31,488 26 (25, 26)
70 ‐ 74 1,342 57* (54, 60) 39,398 33 (33, 34)
75 ‐ 79 1,348 78* (74, 82) 44,752 47 (47, 48)
80 ‐ 84 1,111 98* (92, 103) 51,194 65 (65, 66)
85+ 1,188 126* (119, 134) 83,850 94 (93, 95)
All ages 8,126 100.0% 67* (65 ‐ 69) 290,854 100.0% 49 (49 ‐ 49) All ages with age
adjustment b 74* (72 ‐ 75)
Ratio AI/AN/White
rate 1.5* (1.5 ‐ 1.5)
Adults < 80 years 5,827 71.7%* 155,810 53.6%
Adults with diabetes
18 ‐ 45 268 139 (122, 155) 3,500 145 (140, 150)
45 ‐ 54 449 118 (107, 129) 7,134 124 (121, 127)
55 ‐ 64 799 116 (108, 124) 14,104 121 (119, 123)
65 ‐ 69 753 78* (72, 83) 17,707 68 (67, 69)
70 ‐ 74 914 90* (84, 96) 21,535 73 (72, 74)
75 ‐ 79 862 121* (113, 129) 23,289 93 (91, 94)
80 ‐ 84 667 147* (136, 158) 23,601 115 (114, 116)
85+ 519 171* (156, 185) 29,721 148 (147, 150)
All ages 5,231 64.4%* 111* (107, 115) 140,591 48.3% 100 (99, 100) All ages with age
adjustment b 113* (110, 116)
Ratio AI/AN/White
rate 1.1* (1.1, 1.2)
Adults with diabetes
without CVD
18 ‐ 45 133 90 (74, 105) 1,776 94 (90, 98)
45 ‐ 54 155 63 (53, 73) 2,033 55 (53, 58)
55 ‐ 64 163 46 (39, 53) 2,417 41 (39, 43)
65 ‐ 69 144 26* (21, 30) 2,615 18 (18, 19)
70 ‐ 74 185 33* (29, 38) 2,554 18 (17, 18)
75 ‐ 79 142 42* (35, 49) 2,320 22 (21, 23)
80 ‐ 84 98 53* (42, 63) 2,020 28 (26, 29)
85+ 73 66* (51, 81) 2,372 39 (37, 41)
All ages 1,093 13.5%* 44* (41, 47) 18,107 6.2% 28 (28, 29)
All ages with age
adjustment b 39* (37, 41)
Ratio AI/AN/White
rate 1.4* (1.3, 1.5)
Adults with diabetes
and CVD
18 ‐ 45 135 303 (252, 354) 1,724 331 (315, 346)
45 ‐ 54 294 219 (194, 244) 5,101 248 (241, 255)
55 ‐ 64 636 192 (177, 207) 11,687 204 (200, 207)
65 ‐ 69 609 150* (138, 161) 15,092 129 (127, 131)
70 ‐ 74 729 157* (146, 169) 18,981 127 (125, 129)
75 ‐ 79 720 191* (177, 205) 20,969 144 (142, 146)
80 ‐ 84 569 212* (195, 229) 21,581 163 (161, 166)
85+ 446 231* (209, 252) 27,349 196 (194, 198)
All ages 4,138 50.9%* 187* (179, 194) 122,484 42.1% 160 (158, 161) All ages with age
adjustment b 182* (177, 188)
Ratio AI/AN/White
rate 1.1* (1.1, 1.2)
Adults with CVD
18 ‐ 45 168 205 (174, 236) 2,361 164 (157, 170)
45 ‐ 54 361 165* (148, 182) 7,316 153 (149, 156)
55 ‐ 64 786 161 (150, 173) 16,982 145 (143, 147)
65 ‐ 69 810 118* (110, 126) 24,292 80 (79, 81)
70 ‐ 74 1,003 126* (118, 133) 31,823 81 (80, 82)
75 ‐ 79 1,061 150* (141, 159) 37,711 96 (95, 96)
80 ‐ 84 880 163* (152, 174) 44,360 115 (114, 116)
85+ 957 194* (182, 206) 73,836 146 (145, 147)
All ages 6,026 74.2%* 150* (145, 155) 238,681 82.1% 110 (110, 111) All ages with age
adjustment b 152* (148, 155)
Ratio AI/AN/White
rate 1.4* (1.3, 1.4)
Adults with CVD
without diabetes
18 ‐ 45 33 89 (58, 119) 637 69 (64, 75)
45 ‐ 54 67 79 (60, 99) 2,215 81 (78, 84)
55 ‐ 64 150 96 (81, 111) 5,295 89 (86, 91)
65 ‐ 69 201 72* (62, 82) 9,200 49 (48, 50)
70 ‐ 74 274 82* (72, 91) 12,842 53 (52, 54)
75 ‐ 79 341 103* (92, 114) 16,742 67 (66, 68)
80 ‐ 84 311 115* (102, 127) 22,779 90 (88, 91)
85+ 511 170* (156, 185) 46,487 127 (126, 128)
All ages 1,888 23.2%* 105* (99, 111) 116,197 40.0% 83 (83, 84) All ages with age
adjustment b 113* (108, 118)
Ratio AI/AN/White
rate 1.4* (1.3, 1.4)
Adults with diabetes
or CVD
18 ‐ 45 301 131 (116, 145) 4,137 124 (120, 128)
45 ‐ 54 516 111 (102, 121) 9,349 110 (108, 112)
55 ‐ 64 949 113 (105, 120) 19,399 110 (109, 112)
65 ‐ 69 954 77* (72, 81) 26,907 60 (59, 61)
70 ‐ 74 1,188 88* (83, 93) 34,377 64 (63, 65)
75 ‐ 79 1,203 115* (109, 122) 40,031 80 (79, 81)
80 ‐ 84 978 135* (126, 143) 46,380 101 (100, 102)
85+ 1,030 171* (160, 181) 76,208 134 (133, 135)
All ages 7,119 87.6% 109* (106, 113) 256,788 88.3% 92 (91, 92) All ages with age
adjustment b 114* (111, 117)
Ratio AI/AN/White
rate 1.2* (1.2, 1.3)
CVD: Cardiovascular disease.
The analyses were limited to adult Medicare enrollees who had continuous fee for service coverage and lived in Indian Health Service Contract Health Service Delivery Areas in 2010.
Confidence interval limits may appear equal to each other or equal to reported percent because of rounding.
a Potentially preventable hospitalizations (PPH) are defined as admissions that may be prevented with access
to and use of outpatient services. These ambulatory care sensitive admissions were identified using software developed by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Hospital admissions at skilled nursing and long‐
term stay facilities and for obstetrical care were excluded from the analyses.
b The admission rate among AI/AN was adjusted by age to match the age distribution of non‐Hispanic whites.
* A statistically significant difference between AI/AN and non‐Hispanic white enrollees, within each health status category, was determined based on non‐overlapping 95% confidence intervals.