SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL
Supplementary table 1. Work productivity loss according to disease severity stage groups over time.
Time of follow-up Group Work productivity loss in %
Work productivity loss in %
>0 % work productivity loss
mean (SD) median (IQR) n (%)
Baseline Total 20.7 (27.3) 10.0 (0.0-40.0) 269 (53.1)
1 12.6 (21.9) 0.0 (0.0-14.9) 52 (43.7)
2 19.1 (25.8) 10.0 (0.0-30.0) 73 (53.7)
3 23.3 (28.6) 10.0 (0.0-40.0) 108 (52.7)
4 34.5 (31.1) 30.0 (2.2-58.3) 36 (76.6)
6 months Total 16.1 (24.7) 0.0 (0.0-20.0) 181 (47.4)
1 11.8 (22.0) 0.0 (0.0-10.0) 34 (41.0)
2 12.3 (20.3) 0.0 (0.0-20.0) 43 (44.3)
3 18.4 (25.6) 0.0 (0.0-30.0) 79 (49.4)
4 25.2 (31.8) 10.0 (0.0-40.0) 25 (59.5)
12 months Total 22.3 (30.2) 10.0 (0.0-33.4) 188 (55.0)
1 18.7 (27.8) 10.0 (0.0-20.0) 44 (55.0)
2 21.8 (30.8) 10.0 (0.0-40.0) 38 (50.7)
3 21.2 (28.0) 10.0 (0.0-39.6) 82 (55.4)
4 34.7 (39.1) 10.0 (0.0-70.0) 24 (61.5)
18 months Total 20.1 (29.0) 10.0 (0.0-30.0) 176 (51.3)
1 15.4 (26.7) 0.0 (0.0-20.0) 34 (42.0)
2 18.2 (28.4) 0.0 (0.0-30.0) 33 (45.2)
3 19.8 (27.5) 10.0 (0.0-30.0) 80 (55.6)
4 32.6 (35.1) 20.0 (0.0-55.0) 29 (64.4)
Group 1, immunomodulator (thiopurines or methotrexate), biological and tofacitinib naïve; group 2, biological and tofacitinib naïve patients with prior or active use of immunomodulatory; group 3, prior or active use of only one type of biologicals (i.e. anti-TNF agents, vedolizumab, ustekinumab) or tofacitinib; group 4, history or active use of two or three types of biologicals and/or tofacitinib; IQR, interquartile range; SD, standard deviation
Supplementary table 2. Univariable linear mixed model analyses to asses determinants for work productivity loss in the total group of employed IBD patients.
Variables Estimate (β) p-value
Time of follow-up <0.01***
Baseline Reference
6 months -3.83 <0.01**
12 months 2.01 0.20
18 months 1.20 0.43
Disease severity stage a <0.01***
Group 1 Reference
Group 2 3.52 0.20
Group 3 7.60 <0.01**
Group 4 15.63 <0.01***
Male gender 2.40 0.24
Active smoking 1.71 0.51
Age -0.19 0.03*
BMI -0.08 0.72
Level of education 0.16
Low 2.48 0.37
Intermediate 4.52 0.06
High Reference
Breadwinner position -3.32 0.10
Managerial position 0.25 0.91
Self-employed 2.12 0.41
Working <36 hours/week -0.42 0.81
IBD diagnosis b 5.23 <0.01**
Disease duration (years) -0.10 0.32
History of IBD surgery c 4.31 0.06
Disease activity d 22.42 <0.01***
Arthralgia 5.73 <0.01***
Recent switch to higher treatment class 0.11 0.98
Active mesalazine use -3.50 0.07
Active immunomodulator use 0.42 0.82
Active anti-TNF use 3.25 0.10
Active vedolizumab use 9.77 <0.01**
Active ustekinumab use 18.08 <0.01***
Active corticosteroid use 18.35 <0.01***
HRQL (SIBDQ-score) -1.74 <0.01***
Fatigue (MFI-score) 0.76 <0.01***
a, at time of outcome measurement: group 1 = immunomodulator (thiopurines or methotrexate), biological and tofacitinib naïve, group 2 = biological and tofacitinib naïve patients with prior or active use of immunomodulatory, group 3 = prior or active use of only one type of biologicals (i.e. anti-TNF agents, vedolizumab, ustekinumab) or tofacitinib, group 4 = history or active use of two or more types of biologicals and/or tofacitinib; anti-TNF, anti-tumour necrosis factor; b, CD compared to UC diagnosis; BMI, body mass index; c,ileocecal resection, partial small bowel resection or (partial) colonic resection; d, patient-reported Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index (p-SSCCAI) or patient-reported Harvey Bradshaw Index (p-HBI) >4; HRQL, health-related quality of life; IBD, inflammatory bowel disease; MFI, Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory; SIBDQ, Short-Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire; * p<0.05; ** p<0.01; *** p<0.001.
Supplementary table 3. Univariable linear mixed model analyses to asses determinants for work productivity loss in employed Crohn’s disease patients (subgroup analyses).
Variables Estimate (β) p-value
Time of follow-up <0.01***
Baseline Reference
6 months -8.31 <0.01***
12 months -3.23 0.10
18 months -1.53 0.49
Disease severity stage a 0.02*
Group 1 Reference
Group 2 0.37 0.95
Group 3 4.08 0.48
Group 4 14.12 0.03*
Male gender 3.72 0.20
Active smoking 0.08 0.98
Age -0.20 0.10
BMI -0.40 0.22
Level of education 0.52
Low 4.22 0.28
Intermediate 2.16 0.53
High Reference
Breadwinner position -1.49 0.60
Managerial position 0.22 0.94
Self-employed 4.18 0.25
Working <36 hours/week -2.56 0.30
Disease duration (years) -0.23 0.11
History of IBD surgery b -0.18 0.95
Disease activity c 18.57 <0.01***
Arthralgia 7.86 <0.01***
Perianal complaints 8.06 <0.01***
Recent switch to higher treatment class -4.17 0.495
Stoma 0.05 0.992
Active mesalazine use -6.37 0.159
Active immunomodulator use -2.11 0.391
Active anti-TNF use 2.50 0.323
Active vedolizumab use 4.05 0.412
Active ustekinumab use 17.12 <0.01**
Active corticosteroid use 10.13 0.01*
HRQL (SIBDQ-score) -1.75 <0.01***
Fatigue (MFI-score) 0.79 <0.01***
a, at time of outcome measurement: group 1 = immunomodulator (thiopurines or methotrexate), biological and tofacitinib naïve, group 2 = biological and tofacitinib naïve patients with prior or active use of immunomodulatory, group 3 = prior or active use of only one type of biologicals (i.e. anti-TNF agents, vedolizumab, ustekinumab) or tofacitinib, group 4 = history or active use of two or more types of biologicals and/or tofacitinib; anti-TNF, anti-tumour necrosis factor; b, ileocecal resection, partial small bowel resection or (partial) colonic resection; c, patient-reported Harvey Bradshaw Index (p-HBI) >4; BMI, body mass index; HRQL, health-related quality of life; IBD, inflammatory bowel disease;
MFI, Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory; SIBDQ, Short-Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire; * p<0.05; ** p<0.01;
*** p<0.001.
Supplementary table 4. Univariable linear mixed model analyses to asses determinants for work productivity loss in employed ulcerative colitis patients (subgroup analyses).
Variables Estimate (β) p-value
Time of follow-up <0.01**
Baseline Reference
6 months 1.31 0.50
12 months 8.02 <0.01**
18 months 4.29 0.04*
Disease severity stage a 0.02*
Group 1 Reference
Group 2 3.41 0.28
Group 3 9.18 <0.01**
Group 4 8.55 0.10
Male gender 1.09 0.68
Active smoking 2.27 0.54
Age -0.12 0.31
BMI 0.22 0.41
Level of education 0.17
Low 1.09
Intermediate 6.21 High Reference
Breadwinner position -3.98 0.14
Managerial position -0.58 0.84
Self-employed 0.31 0.93
Working <36 hours/week 1.34 0.56
Disease duration (years) -0.01 0.91
History of IBD surgery b 14.50 <0.01**
Disease activity c 25.98 <0.01***
Arthralgia 3.92 0.17
Recent switch to higher treatment class 0.08 0.99
Ileal pouch-anal anastomosis 8.42 0.20
Active mesalazine use 1.33 0.59
Active immunomodulator use 4.80 0.07
Active anti-TNF use 4.47 0.16
Active vedolizumab use 11.82 0.02*
Active corticosteroid use 27.14 <0.01***
HRQL (SIBDQ-score) -1.65 <0.01***
Fatigue (MFI-score) 0.69 <0.01***
a, at time of outcome measurement: group 1 = immunomodulator (thiopurines or methotrexate), biological and tofacitinib naïve, group 2 = biological and tofacitinib naïve patients with prior or active use of immunomodulatory, group 3 = prior or active use of only one type of biologicals (i.e. anti-TNF agents, vedolizumab, ustekinumab) or tofacitinib, group 4 = history or active use of two or more types of biologicals and/or tofacitinib; anti-TNF, anti-tumour necrosis factor; b, hemicolectomy or (procto)colectomy with or without ileal pouch-anal anastomosis; BMI, body mass index; c, patient-reported Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index (p-SSCCAI) >4; HRQL, health-related quality of life; IBD,
inflammatory bowel disease; MFI, Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory; SIBDQ, Short-Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire; * p<0.05; ** p<0.01; *** p<0.001.
