Supplementary Table 1.

(1)

Supplementary Table 1.

Use of vitamin D supplementation, smoking status, mean BMI, mean disease duration, previous IBD-related surgery, disease activity, and use of medications in the included studies.

Author, year

IBD/

Non- IBD

%VD users

% Smokers

Mean BMI (SD)

Mean disease duration (SD or CI)

% previous

surgery

% on remission ^§

% steroid use

% 5-ASA use

% Immuno- modulators

use

% biologics

use Grunbaum

2013

IBD 53% 11% CD 24.2 (4.1) CD 85.6(140)¹ CD 32.4% CD 79.4% ^(a) CD 11.8% CD 17.7% CD 14.7% CD 8.8%

UC 25.4 (3.2) UC 39.7(53.5)¹ UC 4.8% UC 100% ^(b) UC 19% UC 81% UC 4.8% UC 14.3%

Non-IBD 48% 12.5% 25.7 (7.9) -- -- -- -- -- -- --

Souza 2008

IBD - - ^{^} CD 23 (3,6) CD 6.3 (4.6)² CD 35.9% CD 0% CD 100% - - -

UC 24.3 (4) UC 5.6 (3.8)² UC 0% UC 0% UC 100% - - -

Non-IBD - - ^{^} 24.3 (3.9) -- -- -- -- -- -- --

Silvennoinen 1996

IBD 27% 61.3% 24.2 (3.9) 11.5 (6)² - 84% ^¥^(c) 72.7% - - -

Non-IBD 16% 52.1% 25.5 (3.8) -- -- -- -- -- -- --

Suibhne 2012

IBD 43% 27% 25 (5.4) 6² 28% 68% ^(d) 22%, 79% 44% 15%

Non-IBD 16% 16% 25.3 (4) -- -- -- -- -- -- --

Garg 2013

IBD 48% 17% CD 27.2 - CD 35% CD 55% ^(a) -^¶ -^¶ -^¶ -^¶

UC 28.2 - UC 0% UC 42% ^(b) -^¶ UC 35% -^¶ -^¶

Non-IBD 26% 4% 25.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- --

Gilman 2006

IBD 0% -* -* - -* CD 100% -* CD 100% -* -*

-* -* - UC 0% UC 100% UC 0% UC 100% UC 0% UC 0%

Non-IBD 0% -* -* -- -- -- -- -- -- --

Duggan 2004

IBD 29.5% 18% 24.9 (5.4) 10.5 (9.5)² 59% 100% 2% 100% 18% 0%

Non-IBD 31.8% 4.5% 24.3 (3.3) -- -- -- -- -- -- --

Prosnitz 2013

IBD 50% -- 0.33 (1.4) ^£ 12 (11.8)¹ 0% 4% - - - -

Non-IBD 22% -- -0.55 (1.15) ^£ -- -- -- -- -- -- --

Laakso 2012

IBD 48% -- - 3.4 (0.3-14.5)² 10% 65% 30% 73% 18% 5%

Non-IBD 21% -- - -- -- -- -- -- -- --

Tajika 2004

IBD 0% - CD 19.3 (2.8) CD 16.1 (5.2)² CD 39%

- ^(d) 9% - - -

UC 21.2 (2.8) UC 7 (6.1)² UC 0%

Non-IBD 0% - 22.7 (2.5) -- -- -- -- -- -- --

De Bruyn 2014

IBD 0% 25% 23.5 (4.2) - 51% - ^(a) - - 24.7% -

Non-IBD 0% 18% 22 (2.7) -- -- -- -- -- --

Veit 2014

IBD 0% -- CD -0.08(1.35) ^£ CD 2.6 (2.7)² CD 0%

38% ^{(g, f)} - - - -

UC 0.28 (0.99)^£ UC 2.7 (2.5)² UC 0% - - - -

Non-IBD 0% -- 0.48 (1.38)^£ -- -- -- -- -- -- --

(2)

Dumitrescu 2014

IBD 0% - - CD 3 (3)²

0% - ^(d,e) - - - -

UC 3 (5)²

Non-IBD 0% - - -- -- -- -- -- -- --

Salacinski 2013

IBD 0% - 27.45 (7.2) ≥ 5 ² 100% 100% - - - -

Non-IBD 0% - 26.88 (6.17) -- -- -- -- -- -- --

§=Clinical scores:

a: HBI (Harvey–Bradshaw Index) (CD) (Harvey RF. Bradshaw JM: A simple index of Crohn’s disease activity. Lancet 1980. 1(8178):1134–1135. PMID:6103463.).

b : SCCAI (Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index) (UC) (Walmsley RS. Ayres RCS. Pounder RE. Allan RN: A simple clinical colitis activity index. Gut 1998. 43:29–32.

PMID:9771402.).

c: Rutegard (Rutegård I. Ahsgren L. Stenling R. Nilsson T. A simple index for assessment of disease activity in patients with ulcerative colitis. Hepatogastroenterology.1990 Dec;37 Suppl 2:110-2.)

Remission: absence of symptoms and not requiring therapeutic dose of steroids

d: CDAI/Best index (Best WR. Becktel JM. Singleton. Kern F. Development of a Crohn’s disease activity index. National Cooperative Crohn’s Disease Study. Gastroenterology 1976;70:439-‐44).

e: Total Mayo score (D’Haens G, Sandborn WJ, Feagan BG, Geboes K, Hanauer SB, Irvine EJ, Lémann M, Marteau P , Rutgeerts P , Schölm- erich J, Sutherland LR. A review of activity indices and effi- cacy end points for clinical trials of medical therapy in adults with ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology 2007)

f: PCDAI (Hyams JS. Ferry GD. Mandel FS. et al. Development and validation of a pediatric Crohn’s disease activity index. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 1991;12:439 – 447.).

g: LCAI (Lichtiger S, Present DH, Kornbluth A, Gelernt I, Bauer J, et al. (1994) Cyclosporine in severe ulcerative colitis refractory to steroid therapy. N Engl J Med 330: 1841–

1845.)

- = not available -- = not applicable

^ = same % in IBD and non-IBD group

¥ = includes patients with mild disease.

¶ = combination of medications reported.

*=Additional patients and controls reported in the study, as VD supplements users. Serum 25(OH)D levels reported separately; other variables, as the above-reported characteristics, not extractable.

£ = expressed as BMI Z-score.

1 = months; 2 = years.