Supplementary Table
eTable 1: Patient Clinical information
ID# Hemisphere Onset
Handedness Sex Age Onset (Years)
Epilepsy duration (Years)
Age at Scan (Years)
Medications Etiology and
MRI Findings
Location EEG IED Epilepsy Type
1 Left Ambidextrous F 0.8 12.0 12.8 Clobazam, lacosamide Vascular
malformation;
AVM
Frontal Pole* Bifrontal polyspike/spike slow wave; GPFA; 3 EC seizure biF with possible left>right onset
Focal unaware
2 Left Ambidextrous M 7.0 11.6 18.6 Oxcarbazepine, valproate,
levetiracetam, guanfacine, focalin, vayarin
FCD deep asymetric digitatied sulcus
Frontal; frontal temporal junction
Frequent spike-waves bi-frontal shifting L or R, L temporal, intermittent slow FT
Focal unaware with secondary generalization
3 Left Ambidextrous M 12.0 2.7 14.7 Lamotrigine Tumor Temporal; Mesial
Anterior
Lat spike-wave Focal unaware
4 Left Ambidextrous F 3.0 4.0 7.0 Valproate, levetiracetam FCD, MTS Temporal Pole* Frequent left anterior temporal discharges Focal unaware with secondary generalized seizure
5 Left Left F 0.3 7.1 7.3 Levetiracetam, trileptal FCD Frontal;
Precentral Motor*
C3 focal discharges Focal unaware
w/ motor manifestations
6 Left Left M 2.0 12.9 14.9 Dextroamphetamine,
levetiracetam, valproate, lacosamide
FCD Frontal pole Bilateral independent fronto-temporal discharges Focal epilepsy unaware with secondary generalization
7 Left Left M 15.0 1.5 16.5 Levetiracetam Tumor Temporal;
Posterior*
No definite epileptiform activity was seen Focal unaware
8 Left Left F 4.0 7.3 11.3 Lamotrigine, fluoxetine,
oxcarbazepine, valproate
Vascular;
MCA stroke
Frontal, corona radiata, putamen, and insula
Frequent discharges over left posterior head regions P3/T5; Delta slow in left posterior head regions
Focal unaware epilepsy w/
secondary motor manifestations
9 Left Left M 8.0 2.7 10.7 Oxcarbazepine,
levetiracetam
FCD Posterior
Temporal*
Sharp waves at T3, T5, F3 (mostly T5) (some F7/F3, Fp1/F7, T5/O1)
Focal unaware epilepsy w/
secondary motor manifestations
10 Left Left M 0.0 13.5 13.5 Lamotrigine, levetiracetam Encephalomal
acia
Mesial Temporal* Left anterior temporal slowing; Epileptiform discharges from left temporal area F7/T3/T5
Focal epilepsy with impaired consciousness with 2nd generalization
11 Left Right M 4.0 7.6 11.6 Levetiracetam FCD Temporal, Mesial;
Insula; Central Sulcus
Occasional left central/parietal/temporal sharps, left posterior temporal/parietal slowing; several seizures captured arising from left posterior temporal/
centroparietal areas (lateralized not localized)
Focal with alteration in awareness
12 Left Right M 12.0 1.7 13.7 Levetiracetam, lorazepam,
topiramate
MCD Temporal,
Posterior Insula/Parietal
T3/T5/O1 spreading to P3 sharp waves Focal with and without impaired consciousness
13 Left Right F 13.0 0.3 13.3 None Vascular;
AVM
Inferior Frontal Consistent diffuse slowing Focal unaware with secondary generalization
14 Left Right F 17.0 0.2 17.2 Levetiracetam Tumor Temporal Pole* Independent left anterior and mid temporal discharges
during sleep
Focal with alteration in awareness
15 Left Right F 15.0 0.6 15.6 Levetiracetam,
oxcarbazepine
Tumor Inferior-Frontal 1/15 slowing LF F7 Focal with alteration in awareness
16 Left Right F 13.0 0.4 13.4 Levetiracetam, loratadine Tumor Middle Temporal
Gyrus*
Not available for review Focal with alteration in awareness
17 Left Right M 8.0 5.3 13.3 Levetiracetam, lamotrigine Genetic
abnormality
Mesial Frontal, Cingular, Orbitofrontal
Bi-frontal spike-waves, shifting laterality L>R Focal epilepsy with impaired consciousness with secondary generalization
18 Left Right M 2.0 12.6 14.6 Oxcarbazepine, lacosamide MCD Frontal; Posterior
Insular
No clear interictal discharges. EEG onset consists of left frontal polar/frontal slowing and settles into clear spike and slow wave discharges in the left anterior temporal region
Focal epilepsy with impaired consciousness with secondary generalization
19 Left Right M 6.0 9.7 15.7 Pregabalin, lamotrigine,
guanfacine, rufinamide
FCD Posterior
Temporal
Frequent left anterior, mid-temporal and posterior temporal spike waves, most prominently in the left posterior temporal area
Focal with impaired awareness
20 Left Right F 9.0 0.2 9.2 None Vascular;
AVM
Posterior Temporal*
Symmetrical irregular 2-3Hz activity in bilateral posterior regions
Focal with impaired awareness
21 Left Right M 15.0 0.9 15.9 Clonazepam, levetiracetam Tumor Mesial & Anterior
Temporal Lobe*
Left temporal sharps Focal with impaired awareness
22 Left Right F 0.3 8.3 8.7 Levetiracetam, oxcarbazepine
FCD, MTS MTS Anterior Temporal Lobe*
Slowing in left hemisphere, especially left centrotemporal (shifting at either T5 or broad at C3/P3/T5)
Focal with or without secondary generalized seizures
23 Left Right M 14.0 2.1 16.1 Oxcarbazepine, lacosamide FCD Posterior
Superior Frontal Gyrus*
Generalized spike-wave shifting laterality; occ left temporal T5 spike-wave, bilateral FT spike-wave prominent Right; photoparoxysmal response (off meds)
Focal with secondary generalized
24 Right Ambidextrous M 14.0 0.4 14.4 Dextroamphetamine,
oxcarbazepine
FCD Medial frontal,
cingulate
No clear interictal discharges. Febrile seizures
25 Right Right M 10.0 6.6 16.6 Valproate, levetiracetam Genetic
Abnormality
Temporal Bilateral central independent R>L, sharp and slow- wave complexes occurring during light sleep and drowsiness
Focal aware with sensory-motor features
26 Right Right F 1.3 12.4 13.6 Oxcarbazepine, lacosamide FCD Parietal; Sensory
Cortex
Frequent biparietal/midline (greater R) spikes Focal unaware
27 Right Right M 3.5 11.7 15.2 Carbamazepine,
lacosamide
FCD Superior Frontal
Sulcus*
Frequent bifrontal sharps, right frontal onset. Focal unaware with secondary generalization
28 Right Right F 7.0 0.6 7.6 Levetiracetam Tumor Parietal Posterior
to Motor Strip*
Focal slowing right parietal region Focal unaware
29 Right Right F 0.0 12.5 12.5 Oxcarbazepine,
lacosamide, topiramate
Encephalomal acia
Parietal and Mesial Occipital *
Frequent discharge over right hemisphere independent and rare left frontal; Occasional right centro-temporal discharge
Complex partial epilepsy
30 Right Right M 7.0 3.5 10.5 Valproate, lacosamide,
oxcarbazepine
Nonlesional Frontal Unilateral focal discharge from right frontal region F4 Fp2 F8
Focal unaware
31 Right Right F 12.0 4.7 16.7 Levitiracetam, lacosamide,
folic acid, acetylsalicylic acid, B vitamin
Tumor Frontal One nocturnal electrographic seizure emanating from the right frontal region F4 Fp2 F8
Focal unaware
