Siska, Priyo Wahyudi, Dian Anggorowati
Faculty of Pharmacy and Science, University of Muhammadiyah Prof. Dr. Hamka
Abstract
Objective: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that is characterized by the increasing levels of glucose in the blood. (
Syzygium polyanthum
(Wight) Walp.is a herbal plant capable of inhibiting alpha-glucosidase activity. The purpose of this study was to determine the inhibitory activity of alpha-glucosidase by en- dophytic bacterial metabolites of bay leaf. Methods: Endophytic bacteria are isolated from bay leaf NA medium then fermented with liquid medium, incubated for 5 days and centrifuged to produce endophytic bacterial metabolites. The supernatant is used for inhibition of alpha-glucosidase activity using a
microplate reader
and using p-Nitrophenyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside (p-NPG) as the substrate. Result: The result shows percent of inhibition of alpha-glucosidase from endophytic bacterial metabolites by isolates 1-5 is respectively 37.67%; 37.77%; 36.21%; 45,81%; 41.90%. Conclusion: Endophytic bacterial metabolites fromSyzygium polyanthum
(Wight) Walp. has an inhibitory activity of alpha-glucosidase.INTRODUCTION
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that is genetically and clinically heteroge- neous with the manifestation of the loss of carbohydrate tolerance. Diabetes mellitus is divided into several classifications including type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes [1].
Acarbose is an oligosaccharide derived from microbes that work to inhibit alpha- glucosidase. An alpha-glucosidase inhibitor drug may slow the absorption of polysac- charides and disaccharides in the intestines. Inhibition of alpha-glucosidase will lower the value of blood glucose [2]. One of the herbal plants that can inhibit alpha- glucosidase is bay leaf that is taken its secondary metabolite [3]. The resulting second- ary metabolite may be derived from endophytic microbes that have been isolated from the plant. Endophytic microbes are microscopic living organisms (bacteria and fungi) living in plant tissues, leaves, roots, fruits, and stems [4]. Endophytic microbial explo- ration is expected to produce a secondary metabolite that has properties similar to the metabolite produced by their host plant [5]. Studiawan and Santosa (2005) [6] reported that bay leaf extract can lower blood glucose levels in alloxan-induced mice. Handayani
et al
. (2006) [7] reported that bay leaf extract has inhibition activity of alpha- glucosidase enzyme with IC50 value of 28,0975 ppm. Alpha-glucosidase activity can be known from the breakdown of p-NPG into p-nitrophenol that is measured the absorp- tion using amicroplate reader
at 415 nm wavelength. The inhibition of alpha- glucosidase is seen from the lower p-nitrophenol formed, the higher the alpha- glucosidase inhibition occurs. The purpose of this research is to know the inhibition ac- tivity of endophytic metabolite alpha-glucosidase of bay leaf (Syzygium polyanthum
(Wight) Walp).
Endophytic Bacterial Metabolite Production
Syzygium polyanthum fresh leaf
Washing the leaf for 10 minutes
Cutting the leaf ± 2 cm Soaked in Ethanol 70% for 1 minute;
NaOcl 5.3% for 5 minutes; and thanol 70% for 5 minutes
Syzygium polyanthum fleaf was dried
Syzygium polyanthum dried was planted into
NA medium
Incubated for 5 days Endophytic bacterial from
Syzygium polyanthum leaf
METHODS
RESULT
Table 1. The Result of Alfa-glucosidase Inhibition Activity Test by En- dophytic Bacterial Metabolite of Bay Leaf and Acarbose by Using
Mi- croplate reader
on 415 nm WavelengthSample Average of absorbance Average of enzyme inhibition (%)
Blank 0.05
Control 2.52
Isolate 1 1.56 37.67
Isolate 2 1.54 37.77
Isolate 3 1.58 36.21
Isolate 4 1.34 45.81
Isolate 5 1.44 41.90
Acarbose 0.42 82.99
CONCLUSION
Based on the research, Five endophytic bacterial metabolites from Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp. have inhibitory activity of alpha-glucosidase.
REFERENCE
1. Schteingait De. Pancreas: Metabolism of Glucose and Diabetes Mellitus. In: Prince SA, Wilson LM (Eds.) 2002. Pathophysiology of Clinical Concepts of Disease. Vol. 2 Ed. 6. EGC. Jakarta. 2005. 1260-1262.
2. Suherman SK and Nafrialdi. Insulin and Antidiabetics Oral. In: Gunawan SG, Setiabudy R, Nafrialdi, Elysabeth. (Ed. V). Pharmacology and Therapy. Departement Pharmacology and Therapeutic Faculty of Medicine University of Indonesia. Jakarta. 2012. 493-494.
3. Dalimartha S. Atlas of Plant Indonesia Vol.2 Niaga Swadaya. Jakarta. 2000. 162.
4. Department of Health Republic of Indonesia. Pharmaceutical Care of Diabetic. Department of Health Republic of Indonesia. Jakarta. 2-005.8, 13, 45.
5. Simarmata R, Lekatompessy S, Sukiman H. Isolation of Endophytic Microbes from Gynura procumbens and Analysis of Its Potential As Antimicrobial. Periodic Biological Research. 2007. 13: 85-90.
6. Pujiyanto S, Suwanto A, Budiarti S, Darusman LK. 2012. Alpha-glucosidase Inhibitors Activity and Characterization of Endophytic Actinomycetes. Isolated from Some Indonesia Diabetic Medicine Plants.
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. 14(1): 327-333.
7. Studiawan H, Santosa MA. Activity Test of Leaf Extract Eugenia polyantha on Reduced Blood Glucose Levels in Aloxane-Induced Mice. Media of Veterinary Medicine. 2005. 21(2):62-65.
