Table S1. Cephalometric Landmarks Used for Measurements of the Maxilla and Mandible.
Measurement Landmark
MBV (Maxillary bone volume) -
MSV (Maxillary sinus volume) -
MTV (Maxillary total volume) SP (Sagittal Plane)
OP (Occlusal plane)
MPW (Maxillary posterior width) AW (Arch width)
MAH (Maxillary anterior height) MMH (Maxillary middle height) MPH (Maxillary posterior height) MRH (Mandibular ramus height) MCL (Mandibular corpus length)
MBV+MSV
Nasion, Basion, Anterior nasal spine M1R, M1L, CMXI
MSL, SP M1, SP FPM, OP Orbitale, OP
MSS, OP Co, Go Go, Me
M1: the mesiobuccal cusp of the upper first molar. CMXI: the central point of maxillary incisors. MSL:
Maxillary sinus most lateral point. FPM: the vertex of frontal process of maxilla. MSS: Maxillary sinus most superior point. Co: condylar vertex. Go: gonion. Me: menton.
Table S2. Univariable correlations of the measurement data with MRH and MCL.
Variables Coefficients p-value
MRH
MBV (mm3) MSV (mm3) MTV (mm3) MPW (mm) AW (mm) MAH (mm) MMH (mm) MPH (mm) Age (year)
MCL
MBV (mm3) MSV (mm3) MTV (mm3) MPW (mm) AW (mm) MAH (mm) MMH (mm) MPH (mm) Age (year)
0.484 0.384 0.520 0.299 0.030 0.276 0.332 0.307 0.232
0.467 0.380 0.520 0.301 0.015 0.338 0.355 0.362 0.249
<0.001***
0.001***
<0.001***
0.012*
0.804 0.021*
0.005**
0.010*
0.053
<0.001***
0.001***
<0.001***
0.011*
0.899 0.004**
0.003**
0.002**
0.038*
The Spearman correlations are shown. MBV: Maxillary bone volume. MSV: Maxillary sinus volume. MTV:
Maxillary total volume. MPW: Maxillary posterior width. AW: Arch width. MAH: Maxillary anterior height. MMH:
Maxillary middle height. MPH: Maxillary posterior height. MRH: Mandibular ramus height. MCL: Mandibular corpus length. * for p<0.05, ** for p<0.01, and *** for p≤0.001.
Table S3. Independent determinants of the measurement data to MRH and MCL.
Dependent variables
Other variables included in the models None
(MRH)
Covariates (MRH)
None (MCL)
Covariates (MCL)
Standardized regression coefficients with MRH/MCL as the independent variable
MBV MSV MTV MPW AW MAH MMH MPH
0.499***
0.392***
0.549***
0.357**
0.118 0.309**
0.327**
0.301*
0.420***
0.230*
0.391***
0.214 -0.029 0.087 0.184 0.160
0.479***
0.324**
0.490***
0.316**
0.268*
0.308**
0.296*
0.260*
0.403***
0.126 0.307**
0.141 0.127 0.052 0.116 0.078
The linear regression analyses are shown. The maxillary measurements are the dependent variables. The coefficients are shown following adjustments for the covariates, including sex and age. MBV: Maxillary bone volume. MSV:
Maxillary sinus volume. MTV: Maxillary total volume. MPW: Maxillary posterior width. AW: Arch width. MAH:
Maxillary anterior height. MMH: Maxillary middle height. MPH: Maxillary posterior height. MRH: Mandibular ramus height. MCL: Mandibular corpus length. * for p<0.05, ** for p<0.01, and *** for p≤0.001.
Table S4. Comparisons of the measurements on the affected side between the “mild” group and “severe” group.
Mild Severe
p-value
(I+IIa, n=35) (IIb+III, n=35)Age (year) 8.371±2.129 8.229±2.860 0.813
MRH (mm) 42.44±6.161 28.78±7.405 <0.001***
MCL (mm) 62.30±5.938 51.92±10.440 <0.001***
MBV (mm3) 15632±2831 13609±2179 0.001***
MSV (mm3) 11396±3104 10610±4058 0.366
MTV (mm3) 27028±4705 24218±5027 0.019*
MPW (mm) 39.26±3.100 38.57±4.652 0.465
AW (mm) 25.69±1.669 25.94±2.432 0.628
MAH (mm) 65.51±3.333 64.98±5.382 0.626
MMH (mm) 37.54±3.386 36.68±5.088 0.407
MPH (mm) 41.80±4.397 40.85±5.721 0.438
The data shown are the mean±SD. MBV: Maxillary bone volume. MSV: Maxillary sinus volume. MTV: Maxillary total volume. MPW: Maxillary posterior width. AW: Arch width. MAH: Maxillary anterior height. MMH: Maxillary middle height. MPH: Maxillary posterior height. MRH: Mandibular ramus height. MCL: Mandibular corpus length.
* for p<0.05, ** for p<0.01, and *** for p≤0.001.
Table S5. Group differences in the correlations of the measurement data with MRH and MCL.
Mild (I+IIa)
p-value
Severe (IIb+III)p-value
Coefficients Coefficients
MRH
MBV (mm3) MSV (mm3) MTV (mm3) MPW (mm) AW (mm) MAH (mm) MMH (mm) MPH (mm)
MCL
MBV (mm3) MSV (mm3) MTV (mm3) MPW (mm) AW (mm) MAH (mm) MMH (mm) MPH (mm)
0.382 0.450 0.470 0.371 0.001 0.356 0.615 0.660
0.491 0.183 0.405 0.031 -0.032 0.419 0.597 0.585
0.023*
0.007**
0.004**
0.028*
0.996 0.036*
<0.001***
<0.001***
0.003**
0.292 0.016*
0.858 0.856 0.012*
<0.001***
<0.001***
0.252 0.447 0.510 0.446 0.259 0.377 0.149 0.019
0.248 0.458 0.512 0.542 0.206 0.308 0.140 0.112
0.144 0.007**
0.002**
0.007**
0.133 0.025*
0.392 0.914
0.151 0.006**
0.002**
0.001***
0.234 0.072 0.421 0.522
The Spearman correlations are shown. MBV: Maxillary bone volume. MSV: Maxillary sinus volume. MTV:
Maxillary total volume. MPW: Maxillary posterior width. AW: Arch width. MAH: Maxillary anterior height. MMH:
Maxillary middle height. MPH: Maxillary posterior height. MRH: Mandibular ramus height. MCL: Mandibular corpus length.