1 Table 1. Commercial systems for rapid phenotypic and molecular AST
System Producer
Classes of validated antibiotics or targeted
resistance genes#
TTR
(in hours) Samples
Clinical evaluation in the paediatric
setting
References*
Systems for rapid phenotypic AST
ALFRED60 Alifax Beta-lactams, aminoglycosides,
fluoroquinolones, macrolides, oxazolidinones, glycopeptides, rifampicin, co-trimoxazole, polymyxins
3 - 5 Isolated colonies, positive blood culture, cerebrospinal fluid, peritoneal fluid, pleural fluid, synovial fluid,
drainages, respiratory specimens, central venous catheter, urine
204 urine cultures from a Paediatric Emergency Department
https://docs.alifax.com/ric ercapaper.php
ACCELERATE ID/AST Accelerate Diagnostics
Beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines, macrolides, oxazolidinones, daptomycin, glycopeptides, co-trimoxazole, polymyxins
5 Positive blood culture, respiratory specimens
http://acceleratediagnostic s.com/our-
science/publications/
Systems for rapid molecular AST
Gene Expert MRSA/SA Cepheid mecA 1 Positive blood culture,
skin and soft tissue swabs
23 positive blood cultures from paediatric patients
Spencer DH, Sellenriek P, Burnham C-AD. Validation and implementation of the
GeneXpert MRSA/SA blood culture assay in a
pediatric setting. Am J Clin Pathol.
2011;136:690-694.
Verigene Gram-positive Nanosphere mecA vanA, vanB 2.5 Positive blood culture 242 positive blood cultures from two paediatric hospitals
http://www.nanosphere.us /resources/publications
Verigene Gram-negative Nanosphere blaKPC, blaVIM, blaNDM, blaOXA-type 2 Positive blood culture 203 positive blood cultures from paediatric patients
http://www.nanosphere.us /resources/publications
2
#
Phenotypes associated with resistance genes: bla
TEM, bla
SHV, bla
CTX-M: resistance to beta lactams (excluding carbapenems) in Gram-negative isolates; bla
KPC, bla
VIM, bla
NDM, bla
IMP, bla
OXA type: resistance to beta-lactams (including carbapenems) in Gram- negative isolates; mecA, mecC: resistance to beta-lactams (except ceftaroline and ceftobiprole) in staphylococci; vanA and vanB:
resistance to vancomycin in enterococci; ermB: resistance to macrolides in Gram-positives.
*References regarding paediatric patients are available at the reported websites.
Film Array bioMérieux blaKPC, mecA, vanA, vanB 1 Positive blood culture 166 positive blood cultures from 138 paediatric patients
http://filmarray.com/resear ch/
BD GeneOhm StaphSR Becton Dickinson mecA mecA
mecA
2 Positive blood culture and wound specimens
Prove-it Sepsis StripArray MOBIDIAG vanA, vanB, mecA 3.5 Positive blood culture
UNYVERO Curetis blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX-M blaKPC, blaOXA-type, blaIMP, blaNDM, blaVIM,ermB, mecA, mecC
4 - 5 Respiratory samples;
synovial fluid, catheters, bone cement
IRIDICA Abbott blaKPC, mecA, vanA, vanB 6 Whole blood, sterile fluids and tissues, respiratory samples