AcantJiodesia savartii Canu and Bassler, Fossil and Recent Bryozoa of the Gulf of Mexico Region, Proc. Callopora eurvirostris Canu and Bassler, Fossil and recent bryophytes of the Gulf of Mexico region, Proc.
ART. 13 BRYOZOAN FAUNA — CANU AND BASSLER 11
On the inner side, the ribs are smooth when the colony is slightly calcified; they are granulated into such calcified colonies. As it is very abundant between America and the Hawaiian Islands at the great depth of 4411 meters with a temperature of 1.4°.
ART. 13 BRYOZOAN FAUNA CANU AND BASSLER 13 Suborder ASCOPHORA Levinsen, 1909
The geocellular zooecia lacking frontal tuberosities shows that our specimens belong to the form striatula Smitt, 1873, as in the Philippines and in the Indian Ocean. Geographic distribution. East Atlantic: Guernsey, 16 meters, and the shores of Calvados, France, in the English Channel; Mon-.
ART. 13 BRYOZOAN FAUNA CANU AND BASSLER 15
The formation of the superior lamellae is caused by the development of accidental colonies originating from larvae attached to the colony itself. Three forms of opercula, X 85 10™!of operculum IS peculiar enough to justify the formation of a special genus, if the genotype were not identical.
ART. 13 BEYOZOAN FAUNA CANU AND BASSLER 19
Affinities.— The operculumis transverse and has a proximal border somewhat convex, when the proximal border of the peristome is rectilinear. These avicularia are of little service to the zoo that bears them, but they ensure the biological unity of the colony.
RT. 13 BRYOZOAN FAUNA CANU AND BASSLER 23
Inside the peristomi, two small, shallow lateral cups {g) are placed on the lateral indentations. Strucfwe.— Colonies are large, multilayered, ramose, dendroid, irregular; the base is orbicular, slightly expanded, fixed in agglomerated pebbles of the ocean floor.
ART. 13 BRYOZOAN FAUNA CANU AND BASSLER 29
It is only the peristomic that has the schizoporel-lidan form; the shape of the aperture is different. In reality we are ignorant of the ovicell, operculum, aperture and frontal structure.
ART. 13 BRYOZOAN FAUNA CANU AND BASSLER 31
In 1926 we rediscovered this species as a fossil in Panama and also provided its bibliography. The operculum has the usual shape of the operculum of excavated species in the Philippine Islands, with two curved lateral bands for muscular attachment. This is not the same species identification, because he chose the second form with lateral vibracula, which Hincks mentions in 1885.
This is perhaps Crepidacantha setigera MacGillivray, 1882 (not Smitt, 1873); but we have no illustration which allows it to be made. Hincks, 1885, wrote that the location of the vibracula was of no importance, causing all the confusion. We do not believe that the mandibles of this species are really the hairs of vibracula.
ART. 13 BRYOZOAN FAUNA CANU AND BASSLER 35
The zooecia are distinct, surrounded by a prominent thread, very elongated; the front is a tremocyst with very small pores separated by very fine granules, superimposed on the olocyst; it is convex and laterally supports two small orbicular avicularia. On the long peristomies, the peristome is expanded and adorned with denticles and very irregular spicules. The ocellus is very small, always attached at the base of the peristome and ornamented with a small, finely perforated area.
It develops cases on both sides of the substrate and we have also seen it on the edge of small shell fragments. The habits of Lageniporare closely resemble those of Prohoscina which in Cyclostomata have the same zoarial arrangement.
ART. 13 BRYOZOAN FAUNA CANU AND BASSLER 37 Family CELLEPORIDAE Busk, 1852
38 CONTINUATION OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.76 oral avicularium and a projection of the peristomeand that its plane. is inclined to the plane of the aperture. Affinities.—All the affinities of this species are with Cellepora .. hispinosa Busk, 1852, of Australia; the same frontal, ocell, oriented cells, and the same pseudorimule before the aperture. Busk, 1852, figures two spines on the marginal zooecia; MacGillivray did not figure them out, l)ut indicates two large articulated spines on the cumulate zooecia.
Had the operculum drawn by us been the same as MacGillivray's, we would not have created a new species; the position of four spines on oriented zooecium and two on cumulative zooecium indicated varietal characteristics only. The shelled specimens appear to have lived on the bottom where they were excavated, but a certain number of other specimens on-. Often the molluscs were attached to tufts of seaweed and these organisms, such as Cellepore, completely surrounded them.
ABT. 13 BEYOZOAN FAUNA CANU AND BASSLER 39
Cellepora tridenticulata MacGillvray, Monograph of the Tertiary Polyzoa of Victoria, Transactions of the Royal Society of Victoria, p. Variations.— The species of the tridenticulata group are quite variable and easily confused. Two are in Busk's picture, 1884, and two to four in MacGillivray's, 1886; they are often missing from fossils from Australia.
34; Another remarkable feature is the frequent occurrence on the surface of the zoarium of long tubular projections or tunnels, resembling enormously elongated zooecia. The nature of these appendages seems very obscure." MacGillivray (1886 and 1895) did not rediscover them on his recent or fossil specimens.
ART. 13 BRYOZOAN FAUNA CANU AND BASSLEE 41
Aperture isterminal, suborbicular, very slightly elongate; the rimula is broad, rounded, shallow, and partially hidden by a large, very prominent avicularian. umbo with semicircular mandible. The cell is large, globose, pierced by large pores arranged in quincunx, not closed by. It closely resembles in this feature, as well as in fr'ontal, with areolar pores, Cellepora eatoniensis Busk, 1881.
Not only are the areolar pores hidden by the ectocyst, but they are not visible on the incompletely calcified living specimens.
AKT. 13 BRYOZOAN FAUNA CANU AND BASSLER 43 The genus Schismopora and Osthiviosa are poorly defined by
44 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.Y6 bears scattered pores and three to four very conspicuous spicules, erect,. The opening is elliptical, a little elongated; two small carpels separate a large anther from a small poster of the same width; three to five long and very fine spines. The large avicularia are oriented in every direction; they are numerous in places and rare in others.
Moreover, this species is rather poorly known due to the erroneous interpretations of the figures by the authors. In life they are always covered with dirt and never have the beautiful aspect of the published figures. The operation of the avicularium is absolutely incomprehensible and their inversion on the ocelli gives us no information.
46 PEOCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM VOL. 76
ART. 13 BRYOZOAN FAUNA CANU AND BASSLER 47
Affinities.— The colony is very irregular in appearance, because the leaves arising from the primitive Berenicea form are irregular in dimensions. The large, smooth, triregular spaces distributed between the tubes on the zoarial surface are actually occupied by aborted tubes. Affinities.— Our specimen differs from those from the Bay of Gascogny in the less numerous cells on the border and 2n the presence of.
ABT. 13 BRYOZOAN FAUNA CANU AND BASSLER 49
50 PEOCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.76 It is deprived of an oeciostome, and we do not yet understand the method of escape of the larvae. Description.- The zooecium is disc-shaped, simple or compound, surrounded by a very thick, wide and porous border. This species is not only interesting because of its archaic aspect, but it also reveals the journey of the larvae in swarms and the duration of the zoarial development.
Description.- The zoarium is free, formed of bilamellar, reticulate leaflets, forming a meanderiform ensemble with all the basal lamellae siiperior and externally oriented. The tubes are indistinct, transversely striated; the peristome is thin, elliptic or orbicular, very little noticeable on the petioles, very long in the vicinity of the basal lamella. The ocelli alone are different.^ The development of the zoarium is identical with that of Diaperoecia dorsalis Waters, 1879, of which we indicated the various stages in 1925.^ It is at first sight an ordinary Berenicea with two lobes which in a other level developed that remains back to back and them. The peristomes are grouped in transverse rows but oriented obliquely in the direction of the latter.
ART. 13 BRYOZOAN FAUNA CANU AND BASSLER 53 TUBULIPORA TUBULIFERA Lamouroux, 1821
54 PEOCEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.76 We have examined specimens collected in the Atlantic region. All specialists now know that completely distinct species of bryozoa may have absolutely identical zoarial aspects. The micrometric measurements are also very close, but the fascicles are sparse and carry only two tubes.
Moreover, in this important genus, in which the species are quite variable, we do not yet have an absolute criterion for species delimitation.
ART. 13 BEYOZOAN FAUNA CANU AND BASSLER 55
There it is replaced in the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea by Tubulipora tuhulifera Lamouroux. It is difficult for us to accept this conclusion, since Busk's figure of 1875, in its micrometric measurements, indicates more the Mediterranean species. The figures of Smitt, 1867, and van Hincks, 1880 indicate a different species, characterized by a more linear zoarian shape and especially by a greater internal separation of the bundles, as it varies from 0.40 mm.
In order not to change the nomenclature, it would probably be better to consider this third species as the true snakes Tubulipora Linnaeus, 1758. This is not a floating species like the Mediterranean species and the species of Smitt-Hincks. Lichenopora radiata Canu and Basslkr, Late Tertiary and Quaternary Bryozoa of North America, p. Bibliography, geology and geographical distribution.).
ART. 13 BKYOZOAN FAUNA CANU AND BASSLER 57 It lives rather frequently on floating algse, so that the bathymetric
58 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM, year 76 It is possible that the recent species differs from the fossil one, but given the current state of knowledge, it is impossible to assess the importance of separating the fascicles into colonies. The cancelli (?) are numerous, with a diameter almost equal to that of the tube; they occupy the entire upper part of the colony and the space between the leaflets. This author replaced the present species with Coronopora truncata Fleming, 1828, which is a boreal species of Tubuliporidae, and with another Jameson species.
Structure.— Despite its complex appearance, the structure of this species is very simple; this is Berenicea^ in which the peristomies of the tubes are separated by mesopores. Since the ovipositor is unknown, we have adopted the genus of the old zoarial nomenclature for the classification of this species, so as not to create a. It resembles some Cretaceous Multicrescis and it would be interesting to study them in detail.
EXPLANATION OF PLATES
Inside, X 20, showing the operculum in place in one zooecium and the condyles and lateral canals below the condyles in others. Side view of a young axillary branch, X 12, illustrating the growth of the basal lamella by the addition of new recurved tubes.
INDEX
78 INDEX
