1
THE CORRELATION BETWEEN STUDENTS’ SELF-ESTEEM TOWARD THEIR SPEAKING PERFORMANCE
At First Year of English Department Students STKIP PGRI West Sumatera Academic Year 2014/2015
Oleh:
Olivia Vebriani *)
**) Sesmiyanti dan **) Belinda Analido
Staff Pengajar Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris STKIP PGRI Sumatera Barat
ABSTRAK
Berbicara merupakan salah satu cara yang dilakukan untuk berkomunikasi. Salah satu hal yang mempengaruhi kemampuan berbicara siswa adalah Self-Esteem. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat apakah ada atau tidak korelasi positif antara Self-Esteem dan kemampuan berbicara siswa. Populasi dari penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa tahun pertama bahasa inggris STKIP PGRI Sumatera Barat tahun ajaran 2014/2015 yang berjumlah 184 siswa. Dalam menentukan sampel, peneliti menggunakan cluster random sampling technique. Dalam penelitian ini jumlah sampelnya adalah 33 siswa. Dalam mengumpulkan data, peneliti menggunakan angket and tes berbicara untuk melihat self-esteem siswa dan test berbicara untuk mengukur kemampuan berbicara siswa. Dalam menganalisa data, peneliti menggunakan derajat korelasi. Setelah menganalisis data, peneliti menemukan nilai dari r-hitung adalah 0.42 dengan level signifikan 0.05. Hasil dari r-tabel adalah 0.355 dengan level signifikan 0.05 dan degree of freedom (df=n-2). Ini berarti r-hitung lebih tinggi dari pada r-tabel (0.42 > 0.355) maka hipotesis pada penelitian ini diterima. Berdasarkan penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa self-esteem mempengaruhi kemampuan berbicara mahasiswa.
Keywords: Self-Esteem, Speaking Performance
*) Penulis
**) Pembimbing
2 INTRODUCTION
Speaking is one of the most important way to communicate with the people in the world. As we know, speaking is the way of people sharing the information by oral communication. Through speaking someone can deliver her/his idea directly.
Richard and Renandya (2002:201) say that speaking is used for many different skills. The purpose includes making social context with people, persuading someone about something, clarifying information, giving instruction, describing things, complaining about behaviour. In addition, speaking is how the people change the information.
As a college students in English department, in change the information the students should master at speaking skill, generally in speaking performance.
The students should be able in pronounce sentence, understand what the meaning of the word is, know various of vocabularies, have good self confidence and also communicate effectively. The students also should be able to speak well in front of class to show he/she has good performance.
As the preliminary observation that the researcher done in Speaking class of STKIP PGRI West Sumatera registered 2014/2015, many problems are found by the researcher in speaking class.
Students cannot speak fluently in front of class, they have lack vocabulary and they also have problem in grammar. The students also were not good to pronounce word by word in telling their ideas. The students only focus in the text are given by the lecturer in doing conversation. They just read the text without show the expression based on the dialogue.
The problem also found when the students asking the question of the lecturer, they need much to think the answer the question but al least, they did not give the answer for the question. After that, the students also asking their friend who sitting beside his/her to the question are given by the lecturer. They didnot have a brave to answer the question by themselves. The students also has no confidence to perform in front of class. The confidence is related to the self-esteem.
Self-esteem is how the people measure themselves. In the class, the researcher found there were many problems that students face related to the self-esteem. Some students were often inhibit about trying to say something in classroom. They are worried about mistakes or simply shy of the attention what they talking about. The students looks have not motivated in learning in the classroom.
In front of class, the students also could not think of anything to say. They didnot have motivation to express themselves beyond the guilty. Not only students guilty, but also many students were feeling anxiety to speak. They didnot have a good self
confidence to express their ideas. It means that many students have low self-esteem in speaking performance in the classroom. If teacher asked students to perform or speaking in front of class, the student needed much time to make sure themselves to go in front of class. they wasted much time in memorizing what will they were talking about. The students will spend the time and thinking they will do speak in front of class next meeting. They also tended to ask the other student who has more self-confident and clever than them. It shows that there were some students who have low self-esteem. They didnot believe to their ability and they are measure they were low identitty. It means many students have low self-esteem in speaking performance in the classroom.
From the explanation above, the researcher concludes that many problems of the students in speaking that come from their low self-esteem.
Students low self-esteem makes them difficult to speak in front of classroom. They have no confidence, easy to shy, less attention, unmotivated and didnot believe their ability to speak. In contrast, speaking class has goal to make the students can speak in public speaking.
REVIEW OF THE RELATED LITERATURE
Speaking Performance
Speaking is one of important skill in learning English, because it is use to formal and informal communication. According to Cameron (2001:40), speaking is the active language to use express the meaning in order to get the response of listener. Based on theory, speaking is the way how students do the interaction in the classroom. The speaker will do interaction to deliver what their thinking to the listener. It is the way how the speaker express and communicate to the listener. In the other word, speaking is the skill to express the message, ideas and suggestion to other people by spoken language. It is supported by Nunan (2003:48), speaking is the productive aural or oral skill. It means, speaking is how the speaker product to the listener what will their talking about. It is the process of the speaker tell their ideas and the listener catches it and respond what is speaker talking. By speaking, speaker can deliver their idea to the listener directly.
Then, communication is a important part of daily interaction of every people. Speaking is a way which people can communicate each other. This is why the speaking is important part of communication. In speaking classroom, the students not only need a skill to be good in the class but also how their performance of speaking class it self.
3 Criteria of Speaking Performance
According to Brown (2000:30), performance is the overtly and concentrate manisfestation or realization of competence. Based on this theory, the researcher view that performance can define as the realization of competence. It can be used the competence of someone in the classroom. Someone with good performance has good competence automatically. This is why somenone automatically good in speaking.
There are explanation about criteria of speaking performance based on the expert. It is used to measure how speaking performance of someone is.
First, Luoma (2004:72-74) describes the are five criteria of speaking performance. they are range, accuracy, fluency, interaction and coherence. Based on the theory, the researcher views that in every criteria have six level each other. Each of them have the explanation of each criteria. Second, Brown (2004:172) states that there five criteria in speaking that can be the criterion in giving score in performance. they are grammar, vocabulary, comprehension, fluency and pronounciation.
Based on the explanion above, the researcher interest to use theory from Brown in this research because the theory is complete, simple and easy to understand by the researcher. The researcher used five criteria in this theory to scoring the research performance of the students. They are grammar, vocabulary, comprehension, fluency and pronounciation.
Self-Esteem
Self-esteem is always shows by everyone. The people in the world have the perception of what he/she thinks about his/her self certainly. Self-esteem can not separate from interaction between competence and worthiness. Paludi (2008:31) argues that Global or trait self-esteem refers to the way people generally feel about themshelves (Brown &
Marshall,p. 4) or the overall evaluation of ones’s worth or important (Blascovitch & Tomaka, 1991) . In the other word, self esteem is how people feeling about their self, they will ask about their self such as who I am, I feel worthwhile, I am competents, I feel about who I am etc. The self-esteem refers to the feeling worthiness and how the people evaluated about themselves. It is supported by Hill (2013:2), self-esteem is generally considered to be evaluative aspect of self-knowledge that reflects to the extent to which people like themselves and believe their competent. Based on the theory, self-esteem is how much someone believes how competent he/she is.
This refers to the people have a big or less self- esteem. The self-esteem refers to evaluation of the self that are certain positive or negative thinking.
Type of Self-Esteem
There are many expert that explain about type of self-esteem. According to Burnham (2004:7)
“the development of self-esteem may be high or low, positive or negative”. It means that, self-esteem divided into two types, they are high and low. The high means positive perception and low means negative perception. It is supported by Paludi ( 2008:32), people with high self-esteem tend to see all their characteristic in a positive light and those with low self-esteem tend to be generally negative about many things. In researcher view, high self-esteem is favorable than low self-esteem. High self-esteem and low self-esteem is contrary. People with high self esteem is more attractive than low self-esteem. They see more the benefit than lack of themselves.
RESEARCH METHOD
This research is quantitatvie research. The researcher used questionnaire and speaking test as instrument to collect the data. Gay and Airisian (2000:145) explain that instrument is tool or something that collect the data. In conducting this research, questionnaire used to get the data about students self-esteem. According to McMillan and Schumacher (2001:257), The researcher used speaking test in conducting the research about speaking performance.
RESEARCH FINDINGS
After analyzing data from questionnaire and speaking performance, The researcher used questionnaire to collect the data of students’ self- esteem. Besides, it used the closed-ended questionnaire because the students were only required to choose one of the answers that have been prepared by the researcher. The questionnaire in this research was Self-Esteem Questionnaire developed by combine of two experts and related to the speaking. The Self-esteem Questionnaire consisted of 30 items construct from 30 indicators. However, in this research the researcher used 30 items. this questionnaire used scale Guttman which provided two options to response the statement, they were Yes and No. In this case, the High Self-Esteem statement (questionnaire statement number 1 until 15), Yes answer was given 1 point and No answer was given 0 point. Contrast to Low Self-Esteem statement ( questionnaire statement number 16 until 30), Yes answer was given 0 point and No answer was given 1 point.
Moreover, The researcher distributed it to the sample class. Therefore, there were 33 questionnaire that were given to 2014 D or sample
4 classes. Then, the researcher analyzed the students’
responses of self-esteem after distributing it to sample classes. There were 2 students who had very high self-esteem, 10 students who had high self- esteem, 16 students who had moderate self-esteem, 4 students who had low self-esteem and 1 student who had very low self-esteem.
Then, to find out the speaking performance of students, the test consisted of 7 topics that were free to chosen by the lecturer. The topic got from the syllabus and curriculum in speaking I. The lecturer gave the score of students directly when students perform in front class based on the scoring rubric.
After that, the researcher tabulated the result from the scorer. As result, there were 4 students who had good score in speaking test and 29 students who had not good score in speaking test.
The researcher found that self-esteem influenced speaking performance students not to dominant. It can be seen after getting the result of each variable, the researcher used Pearson Product Moment (rxy) formula to find out the correlation between students’ self- esteem and students’
speaking performance and the result of r-counted was (0.42). After the researcher calculated the data by using r-counted, it found that r-counted was higher than r-table in the degrees of freedom (df) n-2 where the level of significance (α) 0,05 was 0.355 so the hypothesis was accepted.
Based on the data analysis above, the researcher finds several findings. They are as follow:
first, the researcher finds the highest score of self- esteem questionnaires was 90 and the lowest score of self-esteem questionnaire is 16. Thus, the highest score of speaking test of the sample class was 72 with 36 score for the lowest score. The last, the researcher find that r-counted (0.42) is higher than r-table (0.355) in the degrees of freedom (df) n-2 where the level of significance (α) was 0,05. Therefore, it can be concluded that there is a positive correlation between students’ self-esteem and students’ speaking performance and the strength of its correlation was moderate correlation. , it could be interpreted that students’ self-esteem influence to the improvement of students’ speaking performance, but the influence of self-esteem is not dominant. Speaking performance is not always influenced by self-esteem of students.
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION Conclusion
The researcher purposed to find out whether there is positive correlation between students’ self-esteem and students’ speaking performance at first year of English Department students of STKIP PGRI West
Sumatera academic year 2014/2015. This research is correlational research. In this research, the researcher uses quantitative data. In getting the data, the researcher gave self-esteem questionnaire and speaking test to the students. There are 30 item of self-esteem questionnaire and 7 topics of the speaking test that is given to the students.
Based on finding that has been discussed in the previous chapter, the researcher point out the conclusions. First, there is a positive correlation between students’ self-esteem and students’ speaking performance at first year of English Department students of STKIP PGRI West Sumatera academic year 2014/2015. It is proved by the valued of r-counted which is higher than r-table.
Second, the researcher find the coefficient correlation or r-counted = 0.42 and r-table = 0.355.
In conclusion, there is positive correlation between self-esteem and students’
speaking performance at first year of English Department students of STKIP PGRI West Sumatera academic year 2014/2015 and the correlation is categorized as moderate correlation. In other words, self-esteem will be influence the speaking performance of students. Students who have good self-esteem will be good in speaking performance.
Suggestion
Based on the finding of the research, the researcher proposed several suggestions students, and readers. First, after reading this research result, the students are suggested to improve their self-esteem in order to have a good speaking performance. By improving their self-esteem, their speaking performance will be improved too. It gives a positive impact each other. The researcher suggested to the next researcher who has interested to this research to conduct other related research in the large scope.
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