the dates and editions

SMITHSONIAN MISGELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOLUME

107,

NUMBER

5

THE DATES AND EDITIONS OF CURTIS' BRITISH

ENTOMOLOGY

(With Four

Plates)

BY

RICHARD

E.

BLACKWELDER

Associate Curator, Division of Insects U. S. National Museum

(PuiiLICA'lION 3894)"

CITY OF WASHINGTON

PUBLISHED BY THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION

JUNE

12, 1947

SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOLUME

107,

NUMBER

5

THE DATES AND EDITIONS OF CURTIS' BRITISH

ENTOMOLOGY

(With Four

Plates)

BY

RICHARD

E.

BLACKWELDER

Associate Curator, Division of Insects U. S. National Museum

(Publication 3894)

CITY OF WASHINGTON

PUBLISHED BY THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION

JUNE

12, 1947

Z^i

£orb(gafttmore (pttee BALTIMORE, UD., V.5.A,

THE DATES AND EDITIONS OF CURTIS' BRITISH ENTOMOLOGY

By RICHARD

E.

BLACKWELDER

Associate Curator, Divisionof Insects, U. S. National

Museum (With Four

Plates)

PART

I.

NOMENCLATURE CHANGES

The

discovery of the oldest

genotype

designation for

each

generic

name

is

one

of the

important procedures

inthestabilization of

nomen-

clature.

Accurate information on

the status of the older

works

in

which

designations

were made

is therefore

very

desirable.

The

dis-

covery

of

some

pertinent facts

about one

of these source

works

in

entomology has prompted

the publication of this analysis.

On January

i, 1824,

John

^Curtis

commenced

the publication in

London

of a

major work

entitled "British

Entomology; being

illus- trations

and

descriptions of the

genera

of insects

found

in

Great

Britain

and

Ireland: containing

coloured

figures

from nature

of the

most

rare

and

beautiful species,

and

in

many

instances of the plants

upon which

they are

found." In

this

work he proposed

to illustrate

by means

of a colored plate

and drawings

of certain structures

each

of the

genera

of insects

known from

the BritishIsles.

These

illustrations

were

frequently, but

by no means

always,

made from

the species

which

Curtislisted as the type of that genus,

but

it is this designation of

a

type species for

each genus which

gives the

work most

^{of its}

interest today.

It

was proposed

topublish theplates in

16 volumes

of 12 parts each, or

770

^{plates in}

192

parts.

One

part of

four

(or at first five) plates

was

tobe issued

every month

starting in

January

1824. 'This

plan was

rigidly

adhered

to,

and

the publication schedule

was apparently met without

exception.

After

₅years of publication, Curtis

apparently found

his editiontoo small to

supply

the

demand. He

therefore

began

to reprint the pre- vious parts, eventually

covering

parts i to 30.

The

existence of ^this

second

printing

was noted

in the Zoological Journal,

volume

4,

pages 494-496 (January-May

1829),

by Percheron

in 1837,

and

in the bibliographiesof

Hagen and

of

Horn and

Schenkling, but

no informa-

SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS, VOL. 107, NO. 5

2 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

VOL.

IO7

tion

was given on

the dates of publication or the

accuracy

of the re- setting.

In

1911

Sherborn and Durrant published an

analysis of the dates of publication of these reprintedparts.

These authors comment on

the contents of the reprints as follows:

"Parts one

to eight

were

rewritten

and

enlarged,

some from two

to ten pages,

with

alterations of

nomenclature and

additions_; parts

nine

to thirty

were

reset

and

re- printed

without

alteration or addition;

and

parts 31 to

192 were

allof the first edition, ^i.e.,

one

setting

and one

printing."

Three

cases of

changes

of

name, one

caseof additions toaplateitself,

and one

of in- creased text are cited inaddition.

Messrs. Sherborn and Durrant

either failed tonotice or did notat- tach

any importance

tothe factsthatinthree cases the

genotype

desig- nation

was changed and

that

major nomenclatural

revisions

occurred

in five other cases.

The

realization of this

makes

the recognition of the reprinted plates of great

importance,

since neaily ^all sets of this

work

contain the reprints

mixed

in

with

the originaledition.

The

recognition of the edition of certain parts

and

certain plates

can be made by means

of"clues"listed

by Sherborn and Durrant.

Ibe- lievethatifthesewriters

had

attached

more importance

totheidentifi- cation of these editions they

would have recorded more

universal recognition characters.

The

present writer is fortunate to

have

at his attention

one

set of the original edition

bound

in

16 volumes

as published, in

numerical

order,

and one

set

bound

in

8 volumes

insystematic order, containing

all the reprinted pages.^

The

first of these is in the library of the

United

States

Department

of Agriculture,

Washington, D.

C.^; the

second

is inthe

entomology

sectionof the library of the

United

States

National Museum, Washington, D.

C.

Comparison

of these

two

sets

page by page

reveals

many

interesting points. First,in

every

case

except

the text ofplate

30 and

^thoseplates after_34,the

second

edition

can be

at

once

identified

by

the addition of

an underscoring

line

beneath

the plate

number on

the text

and

the plate, Plate

30 can be recognized by

the addition of the systematic serial

number 283

tothe text

and

plate

and

the

underscore on

theplate.

The

dates given

on

the original platesare believed to

be

entirely ac- curate, but the reprinted plates

have

the

same

dates as the originals,

which

is obviously erroneous.

Any

plate

with

the plate

number

(at top)

underscored

isa reprint

and

itsactual date of publicationis

much

later

than shown.

1Three other sets have been examined in detail, as described in part II of this paper.

NO.

5

CURTIS BRITISH ENTOMOLOGY — BLACKWELDER ₃ Sherborn and Durrant

estimate the dates of publication of the first eight partsofthe

second

edition. I

have found nothing

to

change

their conclusions

except

that part i

may have appeared

in

1828

(see

Zoo-

logicalJournal,_{vol. 4,}pp.

494-496, January-May

1829, in

which com-

pletion of

volume IV

(in

1827)

is noted). It

seems

best to

adopt January

i, 1829, as the date of this part.

These

parts

may be dated

as follows

:

'artNo.

4 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

VOL.

IO7

press only) is

December

1825,

although

the date of plate

63 and

the originalsheet {Acilius cinereus)

was

April 1825.]

Staphylinidae.

Genus Siogomnn Kirby.

Plate

23 (No. 117

ofvol-

ume

I of the systematic

arrangement;

reprinted in

1839).

^Slight

changes

totheplate;-text rewritten

with

additions,

and

^generic

name emended. (See

facsimiles, figs. 1,2.)

Buprestidae.

Genus Buprestis

Linn. Plate 31

(No.

51 of

volume

II of the systematic

arrangement

; reprinted in

1840). Text

rewritten

and

enlarged,

with new synonymy and

additional species

mentioned.

Rhipiphoridae. Genus Rhipiphorns Fabr.

_{Plate 19}

(No. 22

ofvol-

ume

II of the systematic

arrangement;

reprinted in

1835), Additions

to plate;textrewritten

and

enlarged,

with

the generic

name emended.

Scarabaeidae.

Genus Aphodius

lUiger. Plate

27 (No. 70

^of

volume

I of the systematic

arrangement;

reprinted in

1840). Text

rewritten,

with

additional species

mentioned.

Cerambycidae. Genus Molorchus Fabr.

Plate 11

(No. 106

of vol-

ume

II of the systematic

arrangement;

reprinted in

1834). Text

rewritten

and

enlarged,

with

generic

name changed and

the

synonymy

reversed.

(See

facsimiles, figs. 3, 4.)

Chrysomelidae. Genus Cryptocephalus

Geoff. Plate

36 (No. 120

of

volume

II of the systematic

arrangement;

reprinted in

1840). Reset without change.

HYMENOPTERA

Xiphydriadae. Genus Xyela Dalman.

Plate

30 (No. 27

of

volume

III of the systematic

arrangement;

reprinted in

1840). Text

revised slightly,

with

additional generic

synonymy.

Tenthredinidae. Genus Croesus

hesich. Plate 17

(No. ₂₃

of

volume

III of the systematic

arrangement;

reprinted in

1835). Text

re- written

and

enlarged,

with

additional species

mentioned.

Ichneumonidae. Genus

PeltasfesIWiger. Plate

4 (No. 45

^of

volume

III of the systematic

arrangement;

reprinted in 1829).

Some

re-

touching on

the plate^; text

enlarged with

the specific

name

of the type species replaced

by

a

synonym. (See

facsimiles, figs. _5, 6.)

Diplolepidae.

Genus

Ibalia Latr. Plate

22 (No. 63

of

volume

III ofthe systematic

arrangement;

reprinted in 1835). Slight

changes

to the plate; text

changed

slightly

and with

generic

synonymy added.

Chrysididae.

Genus Chrysis Linn.

Plate

8 (No.

₃ of

volume IV

of the systematic

arrangement;

reprinted in

1830). Text

rewritten

and enlarged

to six pages,

with

additional

synonymy and

species.

2Reproductions of the plates areatthe endof the paper.

They may

be identi- fied bytheir original platenumbers.

NO. 5

CURTIS BRITISH ENTOMOLOGY — BLACKWELDER

₅

Vespidae. Genus Eumenes Fabr.

Plate 13

(No. 27

of

volume IV

of tlie systematic

arrangement;

reprinted in

1834). Additions

to the plate;text rewritten

and

enlarged.

Larridae.

Genus Psen

Latr. Plate

25 (No. 23

^of

volume IV

of the systematic

arrangement;

reprinted in

1839). Additions

to the plate;

text rewritten

and

enlarged,

with change

of

genotype,

addition of sy-

nonymy, and

additional species

mentioned. (See

facsimiles,figs. 7, 8.)

LEPIDOPTERA

Papilionidae.

Genus Lycaena Fabr.

Plate 12

(No.

15 of

volume

V

of the systematic

arrangement

^; reprinted in

1834).

^Slight

changes

totheplate; text

enlarged

to

10

pages,

with

additional

synonymy.

Sphingidae. Genus

Deilephila

Ochs.

_{Plate 3}

(No. 21

of

volume V

of the systematic

arrangement;

reprinted in

1829). Additions

to the plate;textrewritten,

with

additional

synonymy.

Arctiidae.

Genus

E^'/T^/'/a

Ochs.

Plate 21

(No. 49

^of

volume V

of the systematic

arrangement

; reprinted in

1835). Text

rewritten,

with

additional

synonymy and

species.

Phalaenidae.

Genus Bu

pains Curtis. Plate

33 (No. 6

of

volume VI

of the systematic

arrangement;

reprinted in

1840). Text

rewritten,

with

additional

synonymy and

species.

Bombycidae. Genus DendroUmus Germar.

_{Plate 7}

(No.

41 of vol-

ume V

of the systematic

arrangement;

reprinted in

1830). Additions

tothe plate; - text rewritten

with

the generic

name emended and

sy-

nonymy added. (This

is the

most complicated change

in

any

of the

genera;

facsimilesare

given

of thefirst

page

of

each

edition

and

of the

new

genus. Figs. 9, 10, 11.)

Tortricidae.

Genus Peronea

Curtis. Plate

16 (No. 50

^of

volume VI

of the systematic

arrangement

; reprintedin

1835).

^Slight

changes

totheplate;text rewritten

and enlarged

toeightpages,

with

additional

synonymy.

Tortricidae.

Genus Sarrothripus

Curtis. Plate

29 (No.

^{51 of vol-}

ume VI

of the systematic

arrangement

; reprinted in

1840)

^.

Additions

to the plate; text rewritten,

with

additional

synonymy and

species.

Tortricidae.

Genus Gastro pacha Ochs.

Plate

24 (No. 42

of

volume

V

of the systematic

arrangement;

reprinted in

1839). Text

slightly rewritten.

~Reproductions of the plates are at the end ofthe paper.

They may

^be iden- tified by their original plate numbers.

6 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

^VOL.

IO7

HEMIPTERA

Pentatomidae. Genus Pentatoma

Olivier, Plate

20 (No.

51 of vol-

ume VII

of the systematic

arrangement

^{; reprinted in}

1835). Text

re- written

and

enlarged, vi^ith the British species

arranged

in

Hahn's

^«

"new genera" (which

arenot

adopted).

Pentatomidae. Genus Acanthosoma "nob."

Plate

28 (No. ₅₀

of vol-

ume VII

of the systematic

arrangement;

reprinted in

1840). Text

revised

and

enlarged,

with

additional

synonymy and

species.

Hydrometridae. Genus

Velia Latr. Plate 2

(No. 26

of

volume VII

ofthe systematic

arrangement;

reprinted in

1829). Additions

to the plate; textrevised

and

enlarged,

with

additional species

mentioned.

Hydrometridae. Genus Hydrometra

Latr. Plate

32 (No. 28

^of

volume VII

of the systematic

arrangement

^; reprinted in

1840). Text

revised

and

enlarged,

with

additional species

mentioned.

Notonectidae.

Genus Notonecta Linn.

Plate

10 (No. 22

of

volume VII

of the systematic

arrangement

; reprinted in

1830). Text

revised

and

enlarged,

with

additional species

mentioned.

DIPTERA

Tipulidae.

Genus Ctenophora Meigen.

Plate ₅

(No.

12 of

volume VIII

of the systematic

arrangement;

reprinted in

1829). Additions

totheplate; text revised

and

enlarged,

with

additional

synonymy and

species.

Rhagionidae. Genus Atherix Meigen.

Plate

26 (No.

31 of

volume VIII

of the systematic

arrangement;

reprinted in

1839). Text

re- vised,

with

additional

synonymy and

species.

Anthracidae. Genus Anthrax

Scopoli. Plate

9 (No. ₃₂

of

volume VIII

ofthe systematic

arrangement;

reprintedin 1830).

Text

revised

and enlarged

tofour pages,

with

additional species

mentioned and

the

genotype changed. (See

facsimiles, figs. 12, 13.)

Empididae. Genus Enipis Linn.

Plate

18 (No. 40

of

volume VIII

ofthe systematic

arrangement;

reprinted in

1835). Additions

to the plate;textrevised

and

enlarged,

with

additional species

mentioned.

Syrphidae. Genus

Milesia

Fabr.

Plate

34 (No. 57

^of

volume VIII of

the systematic

arrangement

; reprinted in

1840). Text

revised

and enlarged with

additional generic

synonymy.

Hippoboscidae. Genus Haemohora "nob."

Plate

14 (No.

_{105 of}

volume VIII

of the systematic

arrangement;

reprinted in 1834).

Text

rewritten,

with

the

new names now

credited to Curtis.

(See

facsimiles, figs. 14, 15.)

Facsimiles

SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

VOL.

10/

23.

SIAGONUM QUADRICORNE.

Order

Coleoptera.

Fam.

Staphylinidae Lat.t

Leach.

Type

of^the

Genus

S. quadricorne

K.

SiAGONUM

KirhyIntroductionto Entomology.

AntenncB halfthe length of the insect, pubescent andhirsute, straight, articulated_;gradually increasinginsizefromthesecond joint(whichissmallerthanthefirst)totheextremity; terminal jointobovate. (f. 6.)

Labritmexserted, transverse, bilobed, ciliated. (1.)

Mandiblesofmale

much

longer thanthehead, producedexter- nally far

beyond

theapex, which hasthe appearance onlyof

a

strongtooth, ciliated internally (2.) ^: of female, broad at their base, hooked, veryslightlyproduced externally. (2.a.)

Maxillce divided mternally, ciliated; terminal processdilated, rounded,

composed

of parallel, transverse ribs,detachedatthe apex: Palpi4-jointed,firstjointsmall,lastcylindric-ovate,ter- minated

by

a globular gland. _(3.)

Men

turntransverse,broadestatthebase,lobedin the centrebe- hind,

and

obtusely pointed before: Palpiappearing 4-jointed, allthejointscorneous onlyatthebase, lastjointthe longest.

Lipdilated anteriorly,bilobed,ciliated. (4.)

Head

7iot broader than thorax,icitha hornon eachside before the eyes in themales{videthecolouredfigure) .-females without horns_{fig.7.).

Thorax

narrowedbehind. Elytra longer than broad.

Abdomen

it-

near, 6-

and

7-jointed.

Legs

very shortandsmall. Tibiae ciliated in- ternally, andserrated {except in the lastpair) externally, spincd.

Tarsi5-joinfed,lastjointequalin lengthtotheotherfour (.5.afore- leg).

Wings

long,broad, transparent, with only

3

short nerves at the base.

Quadricorne PLl.f.

3. KirbyandSpence'sInt. toEnt.

Depressed, shining, punctured; antennaeand

abdomen

pilose.

Head

nearlyblack. Horns,mandibles, antennae

and

legs red- dish brown.

Thorax

deep chesnut, quadrate, narrow behind

;

anteriormargin ratherconvex in thecentre,anglesslightlypro- duced, rounded, witha

smooth

line of colour

down

the centre.

Elytra chesnut colour, brightest towards the centre, with

2

branched

and

2 simple-punctured striae

on

each.

Abdomen

blackish,withtheedgesof thesegments reddishbrown.

In theCabinetsof

Mr.

Kirby,

Dr.

Stephenson,

and

theAuthor,

A FIGURE of Siagonum quadricorne was given

inthe 1st vol.

of

the Introduction to

Entomology hy Mr. Kirby, who

tookft

Fig. I.

—

^{Facsimileof page from first edition.}

NO. 5 CURTIS'

BRITISH ENTOMOLOGY — BLACKWELDER

23.

SIAGONIUM QUADRICORNE.

Order

Coleoptera.

Fam.

Staphyliniclae

Lat.

Type of^the Genus, S.quadricorneKirb.

SiAGONiuM

Kirb., Curt.

—

^{PrognathusLat.}

AntenncE insertedin acavity before theeyes,long, straightandhairy, 11-jointed, basal joint rather the longest,

2nd

nearly as long asthe 3rd,bothpear-shaped, theremainderovate-truncate; apicaljointra- ther longerthanthe 10th, the apexconical _(6).

Lahrum

exserted, transverse, deeply emarginate, bilobed,ciliated (1).

Mandiblesprojecting

beyond

the head in the male, theapex forming along curvedclaw,a short strongcurved tooth

on

the insideatthe centre, ciliated beneath (2)^: elongate-trigonate in the female, the apex hooked, witha shoulder outside towards the apex, ciliated in- ternally ₍₂?).

Maxilla;withalongciliatedinternallobe; terminaloneovate,dilated, striated transversely, ciliated. Palpi longish, 4-jointed, basal joint small, 3rd short,

2nd and

4th the longest, the latter fusiform- trun- cate_(3).

Mentum

transverse,lobed atthe base, obtusely trigonate before.

Lip

broad, cordiform,ciliated. Palpishortish,apparently 4-jointed,joints subquadrate, 4th longer ovate (4).

Head

asbroadasthethorax, with a strongconicalhorn on each sidein the

7)iales,be/oretheeyes whicharesmallandglobose; orbicularand

unarmed

inthefemale(7).

Thorax

depressed, semiorbicular,narrowedatthebase:

scuteltriangular. Elytraoblong, longer than the thorax.

Wings

very ample.

Abdomen

longlinearandmarginate.

Legs

very shortandsmall:

thighsstoutish: tibiaespurred, 4 anterior, ciliated internallyandserrated externally: tarsi longish,very slenderandclavate, 5-jointed, first4joints veryshort,5th equalin lengthtotheothers united: clawslongandslender (5,

afore

leg.).

Larvanarrow, withdistinctantenna, 6 pectoral feet and 2anal appendages.

Zool.Journ.v. 3.pi. 2.f. 1.

Quadricorne

Kirb.

—

Curt. Guide, Gen. 213. 1.

—

^rufipennis Blond. Guer.

Depressed, ^shining, punctured; antennae

and abdomen

pilose: head nearly black^: horns, mandibles, antennae

and

legs reddish-brown

:

thorax deep^chestnut, with a

smooth

line of colour

down

the centre

;

anteriormargin ratherconvexinthecentre,angles slightlyproduced

and

rounded. Elytra chestnut-colour, brightesttowardsthecentre, with 2 branched

and

2 simple-punctured striae

on

each:

abdomen

blackish,withtheedgesofthesegmentsreddish

brown.

In

^theAuthor'sandotherCabinets.

Fifteen

years

have

elapsed sincethis

genus

first

appeared

inthepre- sent

work, when

accidentally the generic

name was

incorrectly spelt,

117

Fig. 2.

—

Facsimile of page from second edition.

10

SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

VOL. 10/

11.

MOLORCHUS MINOR.

Order

Coleoptera.

Fam. Cerambycidae LaL

Type

of^the Genus Necydalis

Umbellatarum

Linn.

MoLOBcnus

Fab. NecydalisLinn., Lat.

AntenruB inserted ina notchin the eyes,

somewhat

setaceous, varyinginlength, firstjoint thick, secondvery small,third

and

following long, ^cylindric

and

ratherclavate.

Labrum

veryminute,hairy

and

dilatedvery

much

in front,cor- diform. _(1.)

Mandiblesshort, triangular, slightlyhooked. (2.)

Maxilla crustaceous at the base, with

2

coriaceous lobes, the external

one

thelargest,regularlyciliated. (3.a.) Palpi2, the first3jointssmall, thelast thick, ovoid, compressed and ^trun- cated. (3. b.)

Mentum

broad, convexat thesides, emarginatebefore. (4.a.)

Lip coriaceous, 2-lobed. (4.b.) Palpi2, inserted before the lip,short,3-jointed,formedliketheothers. (4.c.)

Head

slopedoj" before.

Thorax

without spines,nearlyorbicular.

Body

elongate, narrow, subcylindric. Elytra abbreviated, gapingatthe apex.

Wings

longer thanabdomen, not concealed, butfolded upon

and

covering the

abdomen when

at rest. Anterior legs shortest, posterior longest; thighsvery

much

clavate. Tarsi4-jointed,spongy beneath, the third jointdeeplydivided, thelastratherlong, termi noted by2claws. (5. afore-leg.)

M. MINOR

Linn.Syst.Nat.2.641.2.

M.

dimidiataFab. Ent.Syst.1.1,pars_{2. p.}357.3.

Black, shining, pubescent.

Head and

thorax minutely punc- tured, thelatter cylindric, oval-truncate, having 2longitudinal shining lines near thecentre. Elytra dark chesnut, with an obliquelightspotupon each^{: the}tipsthicker

and

darker.

Wings

fuscous. Antennaeferruginous.

Legs

bright chesnut, the thighs clavatetowardsthejoint

and

black. Tibise hairy.

Inthe Cabinetof^theAuthor.

The genus

Necydalis

of

Latreille

ought probably

to

be

divided:

I

have

therefore

adopted

Fabricius*s generic

name

for the

Fig.

3.—

Facsimileof pagefrom firstedition.

NO. 5 CURTIS'

BRITISH ENTOMOLOGY — BLACKWELDER

II

11.

NECYDALIS MINOR.

Order

Coleoptera.

Fam. Cerambycidse.

Type oftheGenus,Necydalis

Umbellatarum

Linn.

Necydalis

Linn., Oliv., Mars., Lat.

— ^Molorchus

^{Fab., Gyl., Curt.}

—

Gymnopterion

Schr.?

Antenna; insertedinanotch intheeyes

on

eachsidethe

crown

ofthe head,slightlysetaceous,pubescent

and

havinga

few

hairsbeneath ex- cepttowards the apex, 12-jointed

and much

longerthantheinsectia the male, basal joint short

and

stout,

2nd

globose, 3rd

and

4th not longer than the ^1st, 5th and following long

and

clavate,the apical joint short

and

curved: 11-jointed

and much

^shorterinthe female.

Labrum

very minute,hairy

and

dilatedvery

much

in front

and some- what

cordiform (1).

Mandiblesshort, trigonate, slightly

hooked

andpointedattheapex_(2).

Masithcsmall, terminated

by

2lobes regularlyciliated at the apex, externalonethe largest(3^a).

Palpishortsubtiliform

and

4-jointcd,3 firstjoints short, 4th thicker ovate, compressed andtruncated attheapex (Jb).

Mentum

broad,convexatthesides,emarginatebefore (4a).

Labium

coriaceous cordate,forming

two

divaricatingpubescentlobes(i). Palpi rearly aslongasthemaxillaryandofthe

same

form,triarticulate, at- tachedto scai)es at thebase of thelabium (c).

Head

suborbicular,sloped_{off in}front: eyeslateralwith a deep notch

for

^the

antennce.

Thorax

orbicular quadrate withtheanterior anglesand margin a little reflected,andthebase suddenlynarrowed: scutellumelongate-tri- angular. Elytra quadrate oroblong,not halfthe lengthof^thebody,flat above,gapingbehind, theapex ofeach being rounded.

Wings

very ample, foldedontheback

when

at rest,andextending nearly to the apex of ^the

Abdomen

which is linear, concaveabove,convexbeneath. Legs, anterior short,posterior long. Thighsveryslender, terminated byan ovateclub: tibiaesimpletcithsmall spursattheapex: tarsi4-jointed,basal joint con- siderably the longest,exceptin theanteridrpair,Srdbilobed,4thclavate:

clawscurvedandacute(5, afore^leg).

Minor

Linn.

—

Curt. Guide, Gen. 412. 1.

IntheAuthor'sandotherCabinets.

My ^lamented

^{friend Latreille is the only naturalist}

^of

^late

^who

^lias

done Linnaeus

the justice to retain the appellation

he gave

tothe present

group. In

thefirstedition

of

this

Work,

^I

observed

that the

genus Necydalis of

Latreille

ought probably

to

form two ge- nera

: I

had

therefore

adopted

Fabricius's generic

name

for the species with shortelytra,

and

those

with longer and

subulated ely- tra

{N.

rufa

Linn.

&c.,

forming

Latreille's

second

division,)

might

retain the appellation

of Necydalis; but

since finding that this Fig. 4.

—

^{Facsimile of-page from} second edition.

12

SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

VOL. 10/

4.

PELTASTES PINL

Order Hynienoptera. Fam. Ichneumonldae Lat,

Type of^the Getms

Ichneumon

necatorius Fab.

Peltastes

^III.

Ichneumon

Fab., Lat. Metopius Pz.

AntenruB^filiform,

composed

of

60

joints

and

upwards, inserted nearthe crownof the head,

and

equidistantfrom theeyes

and

eachother. (1.)*

Clijpeusformedlikeanescutcheon,pointedin thecentre. ₍1.)

Labrum

triangular,roundedin front. (2.)

Mandiblesslightlyarcuated, strong, acute, bifid neartheirex- tremities. (3. 3.)

MaxillcE short, corneous, rounded, ciliated, irregular at their outer edge. (4. a.): Maxillary palpi very long,hairy,5-jointed, firstjoint straight cylindric; secondvery large, thick, clavate

;

third thickerthan the ^firstand nearly as long,fourthvery small,

fifthlengthofthefirst,cylindric. (4.b.)

Mmtiun

oblong(5.a)^:palpishori,hairy, 4-join ted,nearly equal, inserted near the apexof the

mentum

(5.b.) Lip

membrana-

ceous,striated, sidesconnivingexternally. (5. c.)

Superiorwingswithihejirstsubmarginalcellverylarge, the2discoidal cellssituated longitudinallyoneabovethe other.

Abdomen

^{cylindric,almostsessile,}composed of^{7jointsin the}maleand 6jointsin tJiefemale: (7) Undersideofabdomen of^male.

Oviductconcealed: (6) Undersideof abdomen offemale.

Tarsi with 5joints: (8) Part of^hinderleg.

PiNi nob.

Black, deeply and closely punctured; clypeus yellow3 thorax with 8 yellow spots before theinsertion of thewings: 2at the baseof the scutellum,whichissquare, bidentate, and margined with yellow behind; firstand second segmentsof

abdomen

with twoyellowspots,theremainder marginedwith yellowj wings ob- scure with ferruginous nervures. .\ntennaeblack above,ferrugi- nous beneath5 legsyellow)^firstpairpalest: hinder thighsstriped black inside.

In the Cabinet ofMr.Bentley.

The

insects ofthisgenus, like those

of

the

whole

family, are parasitic, depositingtheir

eggs

in the larvae

of

Lepidoptera,

which

as

soon

as they

hatch begin

to feed

upon

the

muscles

• Thedissectionsofthemouiharetaken from thetype oftliegenu*;,but the other figures aredrawnfiomt!icsijccieafiguredintheplate.

Fig. S.

—

^Facsimile of page fromfirst edition.

NO. 5 CURTIs'

BRITISH ENTOMOLOGY — BLACKWELDER I3

4.

PELTASTES DENTATUS.

Order Hymenoptera. Fam. Ichneumonidae

Lat-t

Leach.

Type oftheGenus

Ichneumon

necatoriusFab.

Peltastes

///.

—

^Metopius Panz., Lat.

— ^Ichneumon

Font., Fab, Marsh., Panz., Jur.

Antenna

insertedabovethe midcHeof theface, in 2 cavitiesbetween the eyes, long, robust,straight, setaceous andattenuatedtowards the base,

composed

of60jointsand upwards(fig. 1*_a).

Labriimtriangularroundedand ciliatedin front (2).

Mandiblesstrong, slightlyarcuated, acute, bifidnearthe

apex

(3,3).

Maxillceterminated by 2 lobes nearly of equalsize, the internal

one

almost naked, the external very piloseanddilated (4 a). Palpi very longand hairy,5-jointcd,basaland 3rdjoints nearly of equalsize,

2nd

very large,subobovate, 4th thesmallest,5thlong andslender (4 b).

Mention oblong(.">a). Palpishort, hairy,

composed

of4 nearlyequal joints (b). Liplarge,

membranous,

striated,sides recurved(c).

Head

rathersmall, transverse_;face^scut

form

sometimes acuminatedbetween the antcnnrc'yl*). Eyesoblong. OceWi 3ina depressed^triangle.

Thorax

short globose. Scutcllumquadrate, the sides rejlexedand producedat the angles.

Abdomen

almost sessile, thebasal joint beingscarcelynarrowed atitsattachment, long, somewhat ovate anddepressed, concave beneath

;

composed

ofS

^{joints in} the male(7 the underside of apex); and7 in the female (6 the underside). Ovipositor nearly concealed.

Wings

shorter than the body; superiorv/Uh one long marginal and3 submarginalcells, the middle one small rhomhoidal. Legsj 4 frst ^short andsmall, poste- riorlonger and robust. Tibiee spurred, the posterior pairwith 2 spines atthe apex. Tarsi 5-jointed. Clawsstrong. Pulvilli large (8f^{, tarsus,}

8;c.

(fa

hindleg).

Larvaeparasiticfeedingupon the caterpillarsof^variousBombycidce.

Obs.the TropinandJig.G aredrawn

from

the type,and theother parts are taken

from

P.dentatus.

Dentatus

Fab. Fnt. Syst. 2. 180.

192.—

Micratorius, Fab.Syst., Piez.62.

41.—

Pini Curtis Brit.Ent.ed.l.fol. 4.

Black, deeply andthicklypunctured: antennae ochraceousbeneath:

nasus yellow.

Thorax

with8 yellow spots before the^insertionof the wings, and 2 at thebase of the scutellum, which is margined with yellowbehind.

Abdomen

with 4 yellow spotsonthe1st

and 2nd

seg- ments, the remainder margined with yellow.

Wings

obscure fer- ruginous, .stigma and nervures brighter. Legs yellow, 1st pairthe palest: the posterior thighs striped blackinside.

[nthe .Author'sandother Cabinets.

Peltastes

receivesitsgeneric

name ^from

^{the face}

^{forming an}

^es-

cutcheon

orshield: like therest

of

the family these insects are

pa-

rasitic in the larva state, the females depositing ^their

eggs

inthe Fig. 6.

—

^{Facsimile of page from} second edition.

14 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

VOL,

10/

25.

PSEN EQUESTRIS.

Order Hymenoptera. Fam. Larradae

Lat.y

Leach, Type

of^the Genus Trypoxylon atratumFab.

PsEN

Lat.,Jur.,Panz. Trypoxylon, Pelopaeus Fab.

Antennrr ^\nsciie.d near the centre of the face, clavate,curved, smooth, 12-jointed in the female, 13-jointedin themalej first jointlarge,secondsmall, terminaljointovate. (I.)

Lahrum

exserted, transverse, subrotundate before, entire, ci- liated. (2.)

Mandiblesslender,scarcely arcuated,unidentateinternally. (3.) MaxilUecoriaceous, divided transversely, terminal process nearly

membranaceous,

rounded

and

ciliated^: Palpi elongated, un- equal, C-jointedj firstjointvery small,third largest, sixthslen- der. (4.)

Mentum

large,dilated in the centre, hairy (5.a.), (thepoint to which the maxilla is attached is

shown

ate.) : Paljn long, 4- jointed, firstjoint long, second

and

third short, last robust,

ovate, (b.)

Lipshort, with the edges connivinginternally, (c.)

Clypeus subrotundate,anteriormarginelevated.

Head

transverse, as broadas thorax, with a tuberclebetween the antenna!.

Eyes

oval^^

entire,remote. Ocelli3, insertedoncrown of head ⁱⁿ a triangle.

Thorax

short, nearlyovate. Scutellum narrow,small.

Abdomen

ovate-conic, with an elongated, abrupt peduncle. Superiorwings with one inarginalcell, notextending to the apex, and three perfect submarginal cells, themiddle one nearly trigonate, either receiving oneor tworecurrentverves. Inferiorwingsivilhtwocomplete basal cells,

heg^

rathersmall. Tih'iiBspined. Tarsi o-jointed,frstjoint nearly aslong as thethreefollowing,last terminated by simple claws

and

pulvilli. (8.aforeleg.)

Equestris

Fab.Syst. Piezatorum,_p. 182.n.6.

Black: clypeus

and

face silvery with hair,shining; firstseg-

ment

of

abdomen

rufous, with a black spotatitsbase; second entirely,

and

third partly, rufous.

Wings

hyaline, iridescent.

AntennjBrufous beneath. Thighs

and

coxae black. Tibia;and tarsi pale ferruginous, theformer annulated withblack.

IntheCabinetsof

Mr. Haworth and

theAuthor.

This

prettylittle species I

took

flying

near Lyndhurst

ⁱⁿ the

New Forest

the

end of August

1822.

Mr. Haworth has

also tiikenit in the

neighbourhood

of

London. My

.specimens per-

FiG. 7.

—

Facsimile of page from first edition.

NO. ₅ CURTIS'

BRITISH ENTOMOLOGY BLACKWELDER

1 5

PSEN EQUESTRIS.

Order Hymenoptera. Fam. Laniclae Lai,

Type of^theGenus, Pelopaeus compressicornisFab.

PsEN

Led.,Jur.,Panz., Van. Lind., ShucJc., Curt.

—

Trypoxylon, Pelopaeus Fab.

— Mimesa

Shuck.

Aiitenna insertednearthe centre of the face, clavate,curved,

and

12- jointcdinthefemale (1)^{: 13-jointed}

and more

filiforminthe

male

;

basal jointlarge,secondsmall,terminal joint ovate. _{(1 (J.)}

Labrnm

transverse, subrotundatebefore,entire

and

ciliated. (2.) Mandibles slender,scarcelyarcuiited, bidentate,the teeth obtuse. (3.) MaxUlcc divided transversely, terminal lobe rounded

and

ciliated

:

Palpilongish,6-jointed; firstjointverysmall,thirdthelargest, fourth as long,fifththe longest, sixthlong

and

slender. (4.)

Mentum

large, dilatedinthe centre, hairy(5. a. the point to

which

themaxillaisattached is

shown

at e.): Palpi long, 4-jointed, first jointverylong,second

and

third short,fourth robust, elongate-ovate, {b.) Lip short

and

broad, the edges connivinginternally, (c.) Clypeusconvexandrounded, anteriormarginelevated.

Head

transverse,as

broadasthethorax, witha tubercle betweenthe antennce.

Eyes

oval,en- tire,remote. Ocelli3, insertedonthecrowninatriangle. 'Vhoroix.short, Jiearlyovate. Scutellumsmallandsubquadrate.

Abdomen

ovate-conic, with anelongatedlinear petiole. Superior

wings

with a lanceolate mar- ginalcell, notextending to theapex, and three perfect submarginalcells, themiddle07ie trigonate, receiving either one or two recurrent nervures.

he'^srathersmall. Tihix spurred. Tarsi 5-jointed, basal Joint nearly us long as thethreefollowing,last terminated by simple claws

and

pulvilli.

(8.afore leg.^

Equestris Fub.

—

Curt. Guide, Gen. 691. 3.

Black: clypeus

and

face silverywithhair, shining; first

segment

of

abdomen

rufous, with ablack spot at its base; second entirely,'and thirdpartly, rufous inthe female, with the

2nd segment

onlyrufous in the male:

wings

hyaline, iridescent: antennas rufous beneath

:

thighs

and

coxajblack: tibiae

and

tarsi pale ferruginous, the hinder

tibiaesubochreousatthe base.

IntheAuthor'sandother Cabinets.

The

three lobes

of

thelip

mentioned by

Latreille in lus

observa-

tions

upon

the Larridie, I

could not

discover in the species dis- sected;

and he does not mention

that

organ

in hisgeneric descrip- tion.

The

females

from which

the characters

and

figuresare taken, are

armed

wiili

sharp

stings,that are

not

entirelyconcealed.

In mv

illustration

of

the

genus Pcmphrcdon^

fol. G32, I

have

al-

366

Fig. 8.

—

^Facsimile of page from second edition.

l6 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

^VOL. 10/

7.

ODENESIS PINT. Pine Lappet.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Bombycidae hat.

Type

oftheGenus

Bombyx

potatoriaL.

Odenesis

Germar. GastropachaOchs., Germ.,Leach.

Bombyx

^Lin.,

Fab., Lot.,

Haw.

Antennccnearlystraight,setaceous,strongly bipectinatedinthe male (1. a.);slightlybipectinatedin thefemale (2.)

MaxilLe

none

? Mandibles

none

?

Palpi2,not veiy long, porrected, 3-jointed, hairylikea brush inthefemale (3.):

more compact and

acuteinthemale. Middle jointtwice thelength ofeitherof the others(4)^:withhair

removed

to

show

thejoints.

Thorax

notcreated.

Abdomen

_{qf male}^{divided at}theapex, andbent upwards

when

viewed sideways.

Wings

entire,superiorones

when

at rest deflexed,

and

the inferiorprojectingbeyond them.

Larva with 16 feet: its hinder ones

formed

for walking, flat

and

smoothbeneath, roundedabove, somewhathairywithaslight tuber- culatedwhart

upon

thepenultimatejoint,

and

fasciculiof^{hairs dis-} posedalongthesides. Ochs.

Pupa

withitssegmentssimple,inclosed in

an

oblongsoftcocoon.

O.

PiNi Linn. Faun.Suec.1104.

Haw,

Lep.Brit.p. 80.4. Roes.

Ins.vol.i.p.59.

Head,thorax

and abdomen

(ofthemale) pale fuscous.

Upper

wingscinereous,chesnut-brownat thebase extendingonefourth of the wing, surrounding a white lunular spot: an ochraceous fasciastrongly

marked

initsoutlinerunningacrossparallelwith theciliatedmargin, very

much

sinuated behind, crenat'ed before.

Under

wingspalechesnut.

Female

one-third largerthan the male, similar initsmarkings,but throughout

much

paler.

IntheCabinetofthe British

Museum.

The Lepidoptera

is

by

farthe

most

difficult

of

allthe

Orders

todividehitogenera,in

consequence of

the parts

of

the

mouth being

exceedingly

mjnute and

closely

covered

with scales

or

Fig.

g.—

Facsimile of page from first edition.

NO. ₅ CURTIS'

BRITISH ENTOMOLOGY — BLACKWELDER

1

7

7.

DENDROLIMUS PINI.

The Pine Lappet Moth.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Bombycidfc.

Type

of^the Genus,

Bombyx

Pini Linn.

Dendkolimus

Germ.

—

^Eutricha Hub.

—

^Odenesis

^and

^{Odonestis Curt.}

—

GastropachaOck.-

— Lasiocampa

Schr.

— ^Bombyx

^Linn., Haw., &c.

AntenncBinsertedtowards the hind part of the head, closeabove the eyes, rather short

and

setaceous,

composed

of

numerous

joints, beau-

tifullybipectinated inthe male,each branchciliated (1),the raysvery shortin thefemale (2).

Maxilla:short,slenderandspiral.

Labial Palpi formingashort acute beak inthe male, obtuse in the female,

much more

denselyclothedwithscales in themale thanfemale, basaljointnearlyaslongas the

2nd

whichissubovate,3rdaslongas thefirst andcylindric.

Male

nearly as large as thefemale.

Head

clothed withadense bunch of scalesprojecting overtheforehead

and

meetingthepalpi_(7).

Eyes

rather small

and

orbicular, yiearlyof^thesamesizein the sexes.

Thorax

suborbi- cularandnot crested.

Abdomen

somewhatlinearobtuse

and

ttfted at the apex,which isslightly curved

upward

in themale,

more

robust

and

conical inthefemale.

Wings

deflexed

when

at rest, the inferior said to project beyond the anteriormargin of ^{the superior} whichare entire;

somewhat

obtusein themale,

more

lanceolatedinthefemale. Cilia thick

and

slightly indented.

Legs

densely clothedwith scales, anterior shorterin the male thanfemale. Tibis; anteriorvery shortanddensely clothed with longish hair inthemale, with abroadandlong internal hornylobe inserted near the base, small in thefemale; the other tihi<Edensely clothed also

and

spurred. Tarsi shorter in themalethan female, 5 jointed, basal jointof theanterior pair denselyfringedwith scales in the male.

Claws

strong curvedandhooked. ^Pulvilli distinct.

Larvae with 6pectoral, 8 abdominal

and

2 analfeet:flat

and

smooth be- neath, rounded above, somewhat hairy, with aslight tuberculated wart upon thepenultimatejoint,andbundlesof^{hairsdisposed} along the sides.

—

^Och.

Pupa

withitssegmentssimple, inclosed in

an

oblongsoftcocoon.

Pini Linn.Faun. Suec. 292.

1104.—

Hiii. tab. 42._f. 184

&

l85.—Roesel,

V. 1. tab.

59.—

Curtis's Guide, Gen.810*.

Male

reddish ochre,

more

or less gray: superiorwings chestnutat thebaseand extendingto the discj before the middle isasinuated striga witha lunular white spot

upon

it,

and beyond

themiddle

an

oblique ochraceous fascia, the inner margin crenated with a

brown

line,the outer

one

very

much

sinuated

and marked

with strong

brown

spots: inferiorwingspalecastaneous. Femalepaler.

Inthe Cabinetsofthe British

Museum, Mr.

Vigors,

and

theAuthor.

1

Fig. 10.

—

Facsimile ofpage from second edition.

NO. 5

CURTIS BRITISH ENTOMOLOGY — BLACKWELDER I9

ODONESTIS POTATORIA.

The Drinker Moth.

Order Lepidoptera. Fam. Bombycidae.

Type

of^the Genus,

Bombyx

Potatoria Linn,

Odonestis

Germ.,Curt,

—

^{Odenesis Lea., Sam., Curt.}

—

^{Eutricha Ililb.}

—

GastropachaOch.

— ^Lasiocampa

^Schr.

— Bombyx

Linn.,Haw.,Sfc.

Antennoe insertedtowards the hind part of the head, closeabovethe eyes,longsetaceous,

composed

of

numerous

joints, beautifullybipec- tinatedinthe male, thebranches long, ciliated compressed

and

cla- vateatthe apex, eachfurnishedwithastrong^bristle: the rays short butdistinct inthe female.

MaxillcEnone.

Labial Palpi forminga porrected beak, contiguousat the base,

com-

pressed towards the apex

and

closely applied, acute

and

densely clothedwith compact scales inthemale ^(pi.7, ^f-4c?),

more

obtuse, loose

and

hairyinthefemale (4$),triarticulate,basal joint short

and

curved,

2nd

long

and

stout, 3rdconsiderably longerthan the 1st,sub- elliptical(4a).

Male

smaller than thefemale.

Head

clothed witha dense bunch of ^scales projecting over theforehead

and

meeting the palpi.

Eyes

rather small

and

orbicular, largerin the malethan female.

Thorax

suborbicular not crested.

Abdomen

linear obtuse, tuftedat the apexarid slightlycleftin themale; robustandovate-conicin thefemale.

Wings

defiexed

when

at rest, the inferiorprojectingbeyondthe anteriormargin ofthesuperiorones, whichareentire, obtuseinthe male, sublanceolate in thefemale. ^Cilia thickandslightlycrenated.

Legs

veryhairy, anteriorshorterin themale.

Tibiae,anterior very shortand densely clothed with longhairs in themale, withalong

and

broadinternal hornylobeinserted nearthe base,which is smallin thefemale; theother tibia spurred. Tarsi shorterin themale thanfemale, 5-jointed, the basaljoiiit of the anterior pairin the male densely fringed with scales.

Claws

strong curved and hooked. Pul^villi

distinct.

Larvaewith6pectoral, 8abdominal,

and

2analfeet,somewhathairy, with

2

rows offasciculi

down

the back,alarger one behind the head and an- otherneartheapex.

Pupa

inclosed inanoblong cocoon ofclose texture.

Potatoria

Linn.S.

N.

2. 813.

23.— Don.

Brit. Ins. 5. pi.

149.—

Curt.

Guide, Gen.8\0. I.

Male

ochraceousvariegated with tawny,superiorwings ratherobtuse, with a curved

brown

striga at the base,

and

anobliqueonestretching from themiddleof the^interiormargin tothe apex, between ^this

and

the posterior marginisacrenated curved lineof the

same

colour,a whitishspot nearthe disc

and

a smallerone aboveit: inferiorwings tawny,

femaks

seldom sodarkas the males.

3

Fig. II.

—

Facsimile of page from second edition.

20 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

VOL. lO/

ANTHRAX ORNATA.

Order

Diptera.

Fam. Anthracidae Lat,

Type of^the Genus Anthraxflava

Hgg- Anthrax

Scop.,Fab.,Lat.

Musca

Linn.

AntenncE porrected,remote,3-jointed, thefirstarticle cyllndric, clavate, twice the length of thesecond; with long

and

thick tufts of hair; second nearly globular

and

hairyj third nearly naked,

somewhat

pear-shaped, withalong style terminated

by a

tuftofhair, orovate witha I- or 2-jointedstyle. (3.)

Head

subglobose,with3

stemmata

placed

upon

alittletubercle:

eyes reniform,convergingbehind,green

when

alive. (2.) Trophieither entirelyconcealed, or projectingalittle

beyond

the head.(1^.a. partofthehead whichreceivesthetrophi,

and

which

came away

with

them upon

dissection.)

Labrum

(1^.b.) horny, acute,convexabove,concavebeneath,in- closing thetongue.

Tongue

considerablylonger thanthelabrum, corneous, acumi- nate, (i.e.)

Mandibles none.

Maxilla(I.e.)horny,linear,acute,nearlyaslongasthelabrum.

Palpi2,receivedinto the cavity of themouth,simple,cylindric, hairy,attached tothesideofthemaxillaenear the base,half their length, (l.f.)

Mentum?

cylindrical, hollowabove to receive the tongue

and

labrum. (1. h.)

Lip fleshy, oblong, bipartite, ribbed, extending as far as the tongue, (l.g.)

WtVi^levelwith the thorax.

Body

7-jointed, short, nearly quadrate, abruptlyacuminatedbehind.

Wings

divaricating, long, lanceolate. (9.) Halteresoftenconcealedinthe hairof^{thebody. Posteriorlegs the} longest. Tarsi5, sometimes terminated by3 claws: pulvilli obso- lete. (8.)

A.

ORNATA

Hoffmansegg.

Blackshining:

Head

covered with blackhairbetweenthe eyes, silverybehind, clypeus

and

undersideofhead with goldenhair.

Thorax

coveredwithochraceous hair before, nearlynakedin the centre. Scutellumbrownish.

Abdomen

coveredwith shortgolden hair, the sides surroundedwith alternatefasciculi offine white

and

blackhair,3rdand4thsegmentswithwhitefasciaeinterrupted in the middle, sixthwitha white spot in the centre, lastjoint verywhitewithhair.

Wings

transparent, many-nerved,witha brunneous cloud extending

two

thirds the length, sinuated at the posterior margin, with a transverse transparent spot near the base,alargerone in the centre, and2 others nearthe

mar-

ginattheunionof the nerves.

Legs

black,femurs

and

tibiaeco- veredwith closeyellowhairs. Halteres yellow.

Inthe Cabinetsof

Mr.

Dale,

Mr.

^Bentley,

and

theAuthor.

Fig. 12.

—

^Facsimile ofpage from firstedition.

NO. 5

CURTIS BRITISH ENTOMOLOGY — BLACKVVELDER

21

9.

ANTHRAX ORNATA.

Order

Diptera.

Fam.

Anthracidae.

Tt/peoftheGenus,Anthrax hottentotta Linn.

Anthrax

Scop.,Fab.,Lut.,Meig., Curt.

— Musca

Linn., Geof.

JntenncE porrected, remote,4-jointed,basaljoint twiceas longas the 2n(l, cylindric subclavatc, producing long and thickbundlesof hair,

2nd

nearly globose, hairy,3rd with afewhairs only, very long, the basestout,subconic, theapex formingalongbeak, 4thjointminute ovate ₍₃₎ ; sometimesthere isa5thjoint like a shortbristle,atothers the3rdjointisterminatedby acoronet of shortbristles,

Trophi either entirely concealed, or projecting a little

beyond

the head.

Labrum

horny, acute,concavo-convex,inclosing thetongue(Ib).

Tongue

considerably longer than thelabrum,corneous,acuminated(c).

Mandiblesnone.

Maxillce horny,linear,acute, nearlyaslongasthelabrum (e). Palpi received into the cavity of the mouth, attachedto the sides of the maxillaenearthe base,half theirlength, slender,cylindricandpilose (f).

Mentunicylindric,hollowabove (h),receiving the tongue

and

labrum.

Lipfleshy,oblong, bilobedatthe apex, ribbed, extending as far as thetongue _(g).

Head

globose.

Eyes

alike inbothsexes, reniform, covering nearlythewhole head,approximatingbehind(2). Ocelli elevated,placedⁱⁿacompacttri- angleat theback of the head.

Thorax

large orbicular-quadrate. Scu- teilum broadandsubtrigonate.

Abdomen

oblong, truncated, composed of 7joints,terminal onesmall and.triangular.

Wings

expandedivhen atrest, long

and

lanceolate, withnumerousnervures, the costa dilatedatthebase

and

generallybristly. Halteressynalland capitate, often concealed.-

Legs

slender,simple, posterior the longest. Tarsi attenuatedto theapex,5-jointed, basaljoint the longest, terminatedby 2 bent claws. Pulvilliminute_(8i hindleg).

Ornata Hof.P—

^{Curtiss Guide,} Gen. 1193. 4.

Inthe Cabinetsof

Mr.

Dale,theAuthor,$;c.

Meigen having very

judiciously

separated^.

Belzehul

from Anthrax, and given

it the generic

name of Stygia

(since

superseded by Lo-

viatia), the family

now

contains four genera,

two of which

are Bri- tish. It is

probable

thatthe

sombre

aspect

of some of

the exotic species

may have induced authors

to

apply

the

name of Anthrax

to this

genus

;

and

the association

being

carried further,

has

led to the

1

Fig. 13.

—

Facsimileof page from second edition.

22 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

VOL.

I07

14.

HiEMOBORA PALLIPES.

Order Onialoptera Leach, Fam. Hippoboscidse

LeacJi.

Type of^theGenus

H.

pallipesnob.

HiEMOBORA

nob.

AnteymcBinsertedclose tothe anterior angles ofthe clypeus,glo- bular,hairy,and sunkinto the head. (2. a.)

Labrum

horny, elongate, hollow,slightlyarcuated, inclosing the tongue.

Tongue

nearly aslongaslabrum,slender.

Lip horny, arched, hollow, inclosing thelabrum

and

tongue,

('•&•)

...

^{. . , .}

MaxMce

? rigid,obtuse,ciliatedwithstronghairs,unitedat their internaledges, bent downwards, inclosing the proboscis,

and

extendingbeyondthe headlikea beak. (1^,

and

2.e.)

Mentum

large, coriaceous, membranaceous, covering

and

con- cealing the baseofproboscis. (1. h.)

Ocelli 3,ⁱⁿ atriangle, sunkin foveolae.

Wings

very long,rounded, firstmarginalormediastinalcell ex-, tendingone-third the length of the

wing

; second marginalcell very long,roundedattheend,discoidalcells united, 6 obscure, imperfect nerves extendingtoposteriormargin.

Tarsi 5-jointed, last the longestj Claws, lengthened at their base

on

eachsidethepulvillus. (8.)

Head

broader than long,somewhattriangular,divided

from

thethorax.

Eyes

very remote,small. Thorax a ^littlebroader than head, nearly quadrate,dilatednear the baseof^{wings, notched}anteriorly. Scu- tellum broadand short. Halteres very ^distinct.

Abdomen

small, nearlyconical,peduncled, coriaceoustowardsitsbase, theremainder spongy. Feetextended,thick, firstpairremotefromthewings, in- sertedalmostunderthehead.

Larvanourishedin tlie abdomen of ^{the mother,} andexcluded before transformation. Lat.

Pupa

inclosed in theinduratedskin of the larva, sub-orbicularly iw- pressedatoneend. Lat.

H.pallipes nob.

Shining, with strong hairsscattered over the limbsand body_^ pale

and

dull_; greenish-yellow clouded with brown. Eyesand clawsblack. Thorax beneath punctured andcovered withshort, strong erect hairs.

Wings

nearly transparent, nerves yellow, the costaslightlyciliated.

IntheCabinetof

Mr.

Samouelle.

The

curious tribe to

which

this Insect

belongs forms

a

2nd

division of Lalreille's Diptera,

and

is called Epioboscidea.

Fig. 14.

—

^{Facsimileofpage fromfirst edition.}

NO. ₅ CURTIS'

BRITISH ENTOMOLOGY — BLACKWELDER 23

14.

HyEMOBORA ^PALLIPES.

Order Omaloptera. Fam. Hippoboscidae.

Type of^{the Genus,}

H.

pallipesCurt.

H^MOBORA

Curt.

AntentKE insertedclose tothe anterior angles of the clypeus, globular, hairy,

and sunk

into thehead (2 a).

Labrum

horny, elongated, hollow, slightly arcuated, inclosing the tongue.

Tongue nearly aslongasthe labrum,slender.

Lip

horny, arched, hollow, inclosing the

labrum and

tongue_{(1 g).}

MaxiUce} ^{rigid, obtuse,}ciliated with strong hairs,united attheir in- ternal edges, bent

downwards,

inclosing the proboscis,

and

extending

beyond

thehead

hke

a beak(1

and

2e).

Mentum

large, coriaceous,

membranaceous,

covering

and

concealing thebaseof the proboscis (\h).

Head

broader than long, somewhat transverse-ovate, closelyadhering to the thorax^: eyes large veryremote: ocelli 3 in triangle.

Thorax

a little broader thanthehead, nearly quadrate,dilatednearthebaseof^thewings, notched anteriorly^: scutellum broad and short.

Wings

very long

and

rounded, frst marginalor mediastinal cell extending one-thirdthe length ofthewing; 2nd marginal cell very long, rounded at the end, discoidal cells waited,6 obscure and imperfect nervures extending to the posterior margin: Halteres verydistinct andcapitate.

Abdomen

small,nearly co- nical,peduncled spongy, coriaceous towardsitsbase.

Legs

thick, firstpair remote

from

the others,andinsertedalmostunderthehead: tarsi5-jointed, terminal Joint the longest: clawslengthenedat theirbaseon eachsidethe pulvillus (8).'

Pallipes Curt. Guide, Gen. 1355. I.

Shining, pale

and

dull greenish-yellow, clouded with brown, with stronghairs scatteredover the

body and

legs: eyes

and

clawsblack:

thoraxbeneathpunctured

and

coveredwithshortstrong erecthairs

:

wingsnearly transparent, nervures yellow, the costasUghtlyciliated.

Inthe Cabinetof

Mr.

Samouelle.

Tlie curioustribe to

which

thisinsect

belongs forms a

2njd divi- sion ofLatreille'sDiptera,

and

is called

Eproboscidea. Dr. Leach,

who

investigatedthe species with greatattention,

and published

his observationsinthe

second volume of

the

" Wernerian

Transactions,"

subsequently

constituted

them

into

an Order,

the propriety

of which cannot be doubted when we

consider that theseinsectsare

very

dif- ferent tothe

Diptera both

in structure

and oeconomy.

The genus

thatI

have proposed appears

to

connect Hippobosca

(PI.4-21)

and Ornithomyia.

Itwill

be

seen that

my

ideas

regarding

the

mouth

differ

from

those

of

other

authors

;

but

as

an

universal

Fig. 15.

—

^{Facsimile of page from second edition.}

24 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS

VOL.

I07

PART

II.

REPRINTS AND REVISIONS

In

1911

Sherborn and Durrant

stated that the publication of the parts

proceeded "with

great regularity,

commencing January

1824,

and

finishing

December

1839. so the dates of the plates

may be

ac-

cepted with

certainty."

The

implication

here and elsewhere

that after plate

10

(parts i

and

2) fourplates

were

issued

each month and dated

accordingly, is susceptible to

checking

only in part

by any means

at

my

disposal.

However,

it did

seem worth while

to

examine

all the plates inthe firstedition to see ifthe dates

on

the plates

bore

out this

assumption. This examination

revealed

no

case

where

the dates

do

not

agree with

the

monthly

schedule.

This examination

of dates

was made

in the

copy

in the

United

States

Department

of

Agriculture

library,

which

is in

numerical

or- der.

In

the

course

of this

examination

it

was

discovered that

com- mencing with

plate

386 many

of the plates

had no

date line at the

bottom. These

plates

were on somewhat

different

paper from

the others

and had

a different

appearance. In

all,

89

of these

undated

plates occurred.

No explanation being

obvious, additional sets

were

obtained for

comparison. The only

other set

examined which

is

arranged

in

nu-

merical

order

^{^} also contains

many

of these

undated

plates,

but

they

number

103,

with

only

36

of these

on

plates

corresponding

to those in the first set.

The remainder

of the

undated

plates are of

lower number,

starting

with

83. It

was

further

noted

in this

second

set that

many

other plates

were

obviously

redrawn and

of

poorer workmanship.

These

discoveries led to the

examination

of

two more

sets, these

both

in systematic order.*

In

neitherof these

were any

of the

vmdated

plates found, but

numerous

other inconsistencies

added

to the puzzle.

A

tabulation of the five sets in parallel

columns

in

numerical order

failed to

throw much

light

on

the

problem,

but certain facts

have been made

clear.

1.

Unquestionable

original

examples

of all

770

^plates

^{have been}

seen,

engraved

in

high

quality

by

Curtis himself (at least at first)

and showing no

deviation in style.

2. Curtis' reprints ofplates 1-50 are equally recognizable, theplate

number always being underscored

(the text

was

reset

and number underscored on

1-34 only).

3

Through

the courtesy of the Rutgers University Library,

New

Bruns- wick,N._J.

^

Through

the courtesy of the library of the American

Museum

of Natural History,

New York

City, and of the Peabody Institute Library, Baltimore,

Md.

I