The Lafayette replica (see p. 58) as it appeared in the fall of 1955, during the making of a film in northern Georgia. War Locomotive General (see p. 84), this 1830s "One-Armed Billy" was disguised as Yonah, of the Cooper Iron Works Railroad, and is shown here operating on the Tallulah Falls Railroad. Copies of each paper, in pamphlet form, are distributed as published to libraries and scientific organizations and to specialists and others interested in various topics.
In the Bulletin series appear volumes under the heading Contributions of the United States National Herbarium, inoctavo form, published by the National Museum since 1902, containing papers relating to the botanical collections of the Museum.
CONTENTS
AUG^ 01956
As the middle of the 20th century was reached, the curtain came down on the final stages of steam locomotive operation in North America. Now, in the 1950s, due to the emergence of a different type of motivational force, it had. It is to the eternal credit of our forefathers that some examples and relics of early engines have been preserved; and the view of this study of theirs, coming in the last hour of the steam locomotive, is most appropriate.
Students of locomotive and railway history are familiar with the almost impossible task facing the researcher. Through this whole bewildering labyrinth the author has made his way step by step, and the result is a most remarkable and valuable contribution to the literature of the steam locomotive. To students of its history, to the great body of railway enthusiasts throughout the world, and to those generally interested in the development of mechanical industry and transport, this work must appeal as unique and one that will long be remembered.
THOMAS NORRELL
This replica of the tender appeared with the original locomotive at the Fair of the Iron Horse in 1927, but since 1930 the restored original tender has always appeared with the original locomotive. In 1940, the replica of the locomotive, accompanied by the replica of the tender, appeared as an exhibit at the New York World's Fair, while the original locomotive and tender appeared in it. Davis and Gartner had an earlier claim to engineering fame, in collaboration with John Elgar which they built in York in 1825. The first American-built vessel with a metal hull, the sheet-iron steamer Codorus.
The original AndrewJackson, ever since called the Atlantic (Figure 41), has appeared at many railroad competitions throughout the East (Figure 42); in 1935 and 1936 it was on. Many railway historians in recent times have apparently been unaware of the name change involving the set locomotives, which are now part of the permanent collection of the B&O. At the latter fair it operated under its own power every day every summer, requiring only the replacement of the old boiler tubes with new ones of stronger construction so that it can be used again.
Not much is known about the early history of the Mississippi (Figure 48), which is now on display at the Museum of Science and Industry in Chicago. It was the first of a group of eight ordered from Norris and was placed on the road in April 1837. According to Dendy Marshall, the correct name of the builder of the Rocket was Braithwaite, Milner and Co. The two brass plates on either side of the front of the locomotive's boiler read "Braithwaite & Co./London./March. However, being the same size and shape as the Philadelphia and Reading shop plates in the early 1890s century, and because there was no license plate on the locomotive.
The Rocket was Reading's third locomotive, preceded by the Baldwin-buih Neversink in August 1836 and the Winans-built Delaware in January 1838. Published descriptions of the Rocket refer to 41%-inch wheels, but this figure probably applies to an earlier set, possibly installed in 1862. Read until it was placed in a position for display and permanent preservation at the time of the World's Columbian Exposition in 1893.
It appeared at the Iron Horse Fair in 1927 (Figure 52), after which it was taken to Reading Terminal in Philadelphia. The engine has no frame, the axle bearings are bolted to brackets riveted to the underside of the boiler. 3 could easily have been built for one of these roads before they fell into the possession of the People's Railway.
The design of the Memnon class of locomotives closely followed that of the Dragon, as a slightly smaller locomotive was built. The inclined cylinders have a 17-inch bore and a 22-inch stroke, and the valve gear is of the Gooch stationary link type.
SUPPLEMENT
The unused National Museum model shown in Figure 61 represents the probable shape of the first rail. Although it was a satisfactory machine and proved that a payload could be hauled by the traction of the wheels on smooth track, it was not in use for long due to the frequent breakdowns of the primitive railway. Due to the necessary arrangement of the arms at the ends of the rear axle, it was quite possible for the engine to stop dead center.
A tubular kettle suggested by Henry Booth, secretary and treasurer of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway, is said to have contributed greatly to the success of the racket during the trials. The locomotive, contracted for $4,000, but for which Baldwin, after some difficulty, could raise only $3,500, was somewhat similar to the English Planet class locomotives quite popular at the time. A full description of Old Ironsides and detailed accounts of its early trials are found in "Working History of the Baldwin Locomotive.
Ketchum & Grosvenor of Paterson, N.J., is represented in the museum's collection by a 2-foot-long, inoperable model. figure 66) of the locomotive and its tender. This consisted of the part of the rim opposite the crankshaft being cast solid, while the rest of the rim was hollow. The length of the locomotive and six-wheel tender is 45 inches and the gauge is 3^A inches.
This invention of the elder Wardlaw was installed in Buenos Aires in January 1908, according to the legend on the plate. London and North-Western Railway Co., built in 1905 at the company's Crewe works. A black, red and orange non-operable model (Figure 77) in the collection represents Southern Pacific Co.No.4410, the first of many streamlined 4-8-4, or Northern-type, steam locomotives built for that line.
Hudson-type locomotive, 1938 Development of the original Hudson-type locomotives began in 1926 when the New York Central System decided to do so. The diameter of the driving wheels was 79 inches, the bore and stroke of the cylinders were 22V2 and 29 inches respectively, and the total tractive effort was 53,960 pounds. Two steam turbines, similar to the type that power the larger US combat ships. The more complex and powerful of the two, the forward-driven turbine, developed a maximum of 7,250 hp and was connected to the wheels at all times.
Owing to the elimination of piston rods and other reciprocating parts, it was possible to balance the driving wheels almost perfectly, thus enabling a higher operating speed than was normally practical with a conventional locomotive. 4000-4001 of the New York Central, a type entered service on the Empire State Express in 1945 to replace the Hudson-type steam locomotives described on page 99.
PICTURE CREDITS
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
INDEX
