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The Five-Factor Model of Personality Traits

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TRAIT-THEORY The Five-Factor

Model :

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overcoming nervousness

CONFIDENCE-BUILDING

STRATEGIES

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Penelitian tentang Personality Traits

• Penelitian yang dilakukan mengkhususkan pada domain-domain dari traits

• Hasil : Konsep-konsep kepribadian dan skala kuesioner yang didesain untuk mengukurnya

• Dalam Bahasa Inggris terdapat lebih dari kata  yang menggambarkan personality traits

• Fokus perhatian : mengorganisir traits ke dalam struktur yang koheren

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“Big Five” Trait Dimensions

Perbedaan individual dapat dilihat dalam lima dimensi bipolar

“Big Five” trait dimensions memiliki kedalaman dan tingkat abstraksi dalam menggambarkan traits individu

Tiga hal yang menjadi landasan “Big Five” Trait Dimensios :

Analisis faktor terhadap sejumlah besar kelompok istilah bahasa untuk trait

Riset lintas budaya untuk menguji universalitas dari dimensi- dimensi trait

Hubungan antara kuesioner mengenai trait dengan rating dan kuesioner lain

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The Five-Factor Theory

Paul T. Costa, Jr. dan Robert R. McCrae

Five-factor theory menyatakan bahwa lima trait utama yang ditemukan ini lebih dari sekedar deskripsi perbedaan manusia

Trait adalah sesuatu yang benar-benar ada, dimana masing-masingnya dilihat sebagai struktur psikologis yang dimiliki oleh manusia dalam kadar yang berbeda-beda

Traits berpengaruh dalam perkembangan psikologis masing-masing individu

The five factor are basic dispositional tendencies that are possessed universally by all individuals

The factors have a biological basic

The basic five dispositional tendencies are not influenced directly by the environment

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• “Personality traits, like temperaments, are

endogenous dispositions that follow intrinsic paths of development essentially independent of

environmental influences” (McCrae et.al., 2000, p.173)

• the proposed theoretical five factor model emphasizes the biological basis of basic tendencies and the

development of there tendencies essentially

independent of environmental influences (intrinsic

maturation)There is evidence of stability of general trait structure and level, the evidence being stronger for

stability during adulthood, than during childhood and adolescence

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The Approach of Five-Factors Theory

Bawaan biologis (nature) berperan penting dalam menentukan kepribadian pengalaman dari lingkungan sosial (nurture) memberikan pengaruh yang tidak besarTrait tidak hanya semata-mata deskripsi dari perbedaan individual traits juga merupakan faktor kausal yang mempengaruhi kehidupan setiap individu Setiap individu memiliki tingkatan

tertentu untuk setiap faktor

This model has considerable integrative potential, connecting a biological view of traits and environmental influences with the observable personality variable

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• Try to find basic units of personality by analyzing the words that people use to describe people’s

personalities

• Procedure of research : to have individuals rate themselves or others on a wide variety of traits carefully sampled from the dictionary the ratings  are then factor-analyzed to see which traits go

together

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The Big Five Trait Factors

Trait Scales Neuroticism (N) Extraversion (E) Openness (O)

Agreeableness (A)

Conscientiousness (C)

All five factors were shown to possess considerable reliability and validity and to remain relatively stable throughout adulthood (McCrae & Costa, 1990, 1992,

1994, 2003)

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Characteristics of the High Scorer

Characteristics of the Low Scores

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