The older term, Cassida, meaning "helmet," referred to the shape of the upper part of the calyx. Stem erect, branched (height not known, but probably reaches 50 cm.), hairy; petioles up to 3 cm, long, pubescent; leaf blades ovate to broadly ovate, 7 to 10 cm* long, 5 to 7 cm. Inflorescence of several elongated racemes (15 cm. long in specimen examined), the lower flowers subtended by large leaf-like bracts, the succeeding one*. by small sharp bracts* the upper glabrous; pedicels up to 4 mm. long, fine hair; calyx 4 to 6 mm. long, puberulent; carolla bright orange, 2 cm.
712 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. long, fine and rather densely pubescent, the tube widened from 2 mm, near the base to 6 mm. in throat, lips nearly equal, upper broader than lower, middle lobe truncate, lower lip orbicular, slightly emarginate at apex, otherwise entire; nuts 1 mm, in diameter, crushed, brown. Herbaceous plant from a rootstock bearing monilifonn subterranean tubers; stem 3 to 19 cm tall, much branched, the branches crowded, puberulent; leaves erect, usually crowded; leaf blades ovate at the shoulders, 5 to 10 mm. long, 3 to 10 mm. wide, narrowed to a sessile or subsessile base, obtuse or rounded at apex, thick, dark-veined, cinereous-pubescent; pedicels 2 to S mm, long; calyx 3 to 4 mm, long; corolla yellow, 10 to 12 mm. long, cinereous-pubescent, the tube rather broad, widening somewhat abruptly from 2 to 2.5 mm. at or below mid to 5 mm. in throat, lips about equal, middle lobe of upper lip truncate, lower lip ovate, shallowly 3-lobed, entire;. Pubescent plant 10 to 50 cm high, from a thin rootstock; stem lax, simple or branched, erect, ascending, or occasionally prostrate with erect or ascending branches, leafy, at apex; leaves subsessile or short-petiolate, slightly reduced towards apex; leaf blades oblong, 1 to 4 cm. long, 0.5 to 2 cm. broad, truncate or connate at the base, obtuse or rounded at the apex, entire or obtuse, sparsely pubescent; flowers usually few, in the axils of the upper leaves; pedicels 2 to 3 mm. tall; ash 3 to 4 mm. tall; corolla pale yellow or white, 1 to 1.2 cm. long, finely pubescent, the tube gradually .. widening from 2 mm. at the base up to 6 mm. at throat ampliate, upper lip much smaller than lower, middle lobe truncate, lower lip broadly ovate, wavy, shallowly 3-lobed; nuts 1 mm, in diameter, round.
Tall creeping plant with simple or branched stems (height unknown, but probably reaches (50 cm.); petioles 1.5 to 3 cm. Furthermore, the upper surface of the leaf blades is smooth, except for the small pubescent, marked nerves, whereas in 8.
720 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM
A slender plant with thread-like shoots; stems erect or erect, simple or sometimes branched, 10 to 50 cm. It is well marked by its winged nuts and large* subsessile, obovate, almost bare, clearly veined leaves. Roots thickened; stem slender, branching near the base, the branches often numerous, erect, ascending, 10 to 50 cm.
HIDALGO: Between Pachuca and Real del Monte, Rose, Painter rf Rose 8704 (N)> Sierra de Pachuca, Rose & Painter 6727 (N), Fir forests of Sierra de Pachuca, alt. Scutellaria coerulea It is characterized by thickened spindle-shaped roots, an elongated inflorescence, petals that gradually taper towards the top, and a large convex lower lip of the corolla, Bourgeau 397 from Mexico, if a tall plant with a simple stem, larger leaves and longer petioles. Until more material can be examined, these differences hardly seem suitable for describing this plant as a new species.
The small leaves with slender leaves, uniform everywhere except possibly the lower ones, and the small petals serve to distinguish this plant from its close relative, S. A further contrast is striking in the branching of the two plants: The branches of S In texture of leaves, the nature of pubescence and shape of the crown, the two plants are quite similar.
Slender plant, perennial with filamentous stolons; stems erect or reddish, simple or broom branched, 10 to 90 cm.
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LEONABD—NOBTH AMEBICAN SCTJTELLAEIA 725
Scutellaria angustifolia Pursh, FL Amer. Sept 412 1814
726 CONTRIBUTIONS FBOM THE NATIONAL HERBABIUM
LEONAHD—NORTH AMERICAN SCUTELLARIA 727 curved so that the flower is In an upright position, the upper Up longer than the
Stems numerous, woody, simple or branched, erect or climbing, 10 to 20 cm high, giandular puberulent; leaves sessile; leaf blades ovate (upper almost round), 5 to 8 mm. It has nearly the same habitr, but differs in vllllous glandular pubescence and smaller flowers, the upper lip of the corolla being much smaller than the lower. TYPE IXHJALTTY : Banks of the Columbia River near Fort Vancouver, Washington, Type collected by Scouler.
It is impossible to determine with any certainty some of the plants that are intermediate between these two species. Mountains above the headwaters of the Sacramento River, Pringle at 1882 (N, M), southeast face of Snow Mountain above Bonnie View, Lake County, Heller 13234 (N, M). The specimens mentioned vary slightly in the degree of hairiness, but are otherwise uniform.
Plants with secondary flowers in the race may be confused with Scutellaria laterifiora, but can be easily distinguished by their larger corollas. The history of the name Scutellaria ovata, according to Blake, '* is, briefly, as follows: Hill described the species in the first edition of Hortus Kewensis, printed in 1768, as S* ovata and redescribed it as 8. The fact that volume 12 of the Vegetable System, published in 1767 (dated 1773), is cited in the first edition of the Hortus Kewensis, while volume 13 is not, which seems to indicate the priority of this edition of the Hortus Kewensis over the thirteenth volume of the Vegetable System.
As none of these characters are constant in the slightest degree, it does not seem advisable to use them as a basis for separation. In the specimens examined, there seems to be a gradual transition from plants of this variety to plants of the species. They so closely resemble S. sawatiUs in habit and growth that, except for such well-marked characters as the large bracts and the fine pubescence of curved hairs on the underside of the petioles, it would be difficult or even impossible to separate the two plants.
A " plant resembles his 2056, collected several years later in the same locality, and, on account of its larger size and simple erect stem, is to be regarded as more typical of the species ovata than of the variety pUosior. The type seems unfortunately to have been lost, but as it was in Mohr's herbarium when he wrote his Plant Life of Alabama that he evidently examined and compared it with the "B" plant mentioned above, Scutellaria vcnosa is based mainly on the short recurved hairs on the veins on its underside. leaf surfaces, petioles and occasionally the stems. These characters, together with a marked purple color, strongly emphasized in the small plants of the type specimen, are usually found in the variety pilosior and even occasionally in the species ovata.
Among the specimens deposited both in the National Herbarium* and in the abundant material of the Botanical Garden of New York, there appears to be but little variation in the leaves, pubescence* and flowers. There is a significant difference in growth habit. The plants of the mainland, which occur chiefly in the sandy pine forests of South Florida, are usually slender, erect, with but few branches, and bear flowers almost to the base, while those of the West Indies grow among rocks or on cliffs and are generally prostrate and more diffuse, with short flower clusters near the tips of the branches.
LEONARD—NORTH AMERICAN SCUTELLARIA 737 42a* Scutellaria havanensis portoricensis Leonard, var, nov
738 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE NATIONAL HEBBABIUM
LEONARD—NORTH AMERICAN SCUTELLAEIA 739
From these it differs chiefly in its more numerous and thicker leaves, usually longer than the internodes, the upper similar to the lower but reduced. This last character is a particularly reliable one for separating the two plants, for at least some of the upper leaves of. A slender perennial plant; stem simple or branched above, 20 to 70 cm, high, pubescent with soft spreading hairs, more or less glandular above; petioles of the lower leaves 3 cm.
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Scutellaria gaumerl Leonard, sp. now
A tall perennial plant; stem usually branched above, 50 to 120 cm, high, finely pubescent with various curved hairs, puberulent or sometimes glabrous;. The plant is very distinctive in its gray ash, leaf blades (lower surfaces), inflorescence and stem. Scutellaria punctata is very closely related to &+ incana, which differs only in the glabrous, spicy and usually resinous under surface of its leaf blades and its nearly glabrous stem.
It is interesting to note that the northern limit of the range of this species corresponds to the southern limit of the range of its closest relative. This is especially true of plants from Florida, southern Alabama, and Georgia, which have smaller, relatively shorter leaf blades and more glandular stems. In other respects, however, these correspond to the more typical plants of the northern part of the range.
GEORGIA: Fairly dry woods on bank of Oconee River below Dublin, Laurens County, Harper 1368 (N, M, F» Y). If confused with 8, ovalifolia, it can be easily distinguished by its stiff habit, numerous small inflorescence branches with smaller and more crowded flowers, and feglandular pubescence. Slender perennial; stem simple, erect or ascending, 20 to 50 cm high, finely pubescent; leaves sessile, often with the fronts of smaller leaves in their axils; leaf blades narrowly linear, 1-nerved, 2 to 3 cm, 2 to 3 mm long.
A stiff plant from a bushy base; stems few to many, leafy, erect or ascending, simple or branched, 10 to 40 cm tall, grey, puberulent; leaf blades thick, oblong to oblong-ovate or ovate, 0.5 to 2 cm.
LBONAUD—NORTH AMERICAN SCUTELLABIA 747
DOUBTFUL SPECIES
