THE VERTEBRATE THE

All these fossils were sent to Philadelphia for Kopeto's study, but after the publication of his report - they were transferred by the War Department to the custody of the National Museum. The first progress report of the Department of Vertebrate Fossils appears in the Annual Report of the United States National Museum for 1891, p.

DIVISION OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY GILMORE 315

DIVISION OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY — GILMORE 317 further govemment-al work, Cope practically superseding him in that

MAESH COLLECTION, PERIOD OF MOST RAPID EXPANSION,

DIVISION OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY — GILMORE 319

Many specimens arrived at the museum fully or partially prepared, but most of the material was in the same condition as when received from the field. The Jurassic part of the collections, which exceeded all others in volume and weight, was particularly rich in Stegosaurus remains.

DIVISION OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY— GILMORE 321 Oamptosaiinis, Ceratosaumis, and Antrodemus (AUosaurm)

At the time of my association with the National Museum in 1903, most of the Marsh collection was housed in rented buildings in southwest Washington. These spacious rooms allowed for a more systematic arrangement of the study collections, and for the first time the preparers were provided with a well-lit, well-equipped spacious laboratory (27 x 77 feet) (fig. 61).

DIVISION OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY GILMORE 323 EXPEDITIONS

324 REVIEW OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.9Q editions have covered a wide area in that collections have been made. CHRONOLOGICAL LIST OF EXPEDITIONS OUTSIDE THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION AND NATIONAL MUSEUM ENJOYED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY.

DIVISION OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY — GILMORE 325

DIVISION OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY GILMORE 327

Upper Cretaceous (Northern Horn), Paleocene (Dragon) and Trlassic (Chinle), Utah, Emery County and Arizona, near Petrified Forest.

STUDY OR RESERVE COLLECTIONS

DIVISION OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY — GILMORE 331 scattered type and figured specimens of fossil vertebrates as could be

DIVISION OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY — GILMORE 335 Phasmagyps patritus Wetmore

In addition to the Marsh collection of vertebrate fossils brought together under government support, the department's collections have been augmented by a number of private collections acquired either through gift or purchase. The Lojcoe Collection.— The very large and valuable Lacoe Collection, received as a gift in 1896 from the heirs of R. Some of them are in a rare state of preservation; others from the Linton, Ohio, coal fields, due to the exhaustion of the coal mines, are unique.

John's collection of Paleozoic fishes was donated to the National Museum in 1922 by Frank Springer, who left it to him after the death of Mr. amount of highly selected cestration fish material obtained by dr.

DIVISION OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY — GILMORE 337

Although the Smithsonian Institution has participated in practically all of the exhibitions of this country and in many countries, beginning with the 1876 Philadelphia Centennial, the Division of Vertebrate Paleontology was not called upon to contribute to these exhibitions until 1895, following the International States since 1895. Exhibition, Atlanta, Ga., 1895; Trans-Mississippi and International Exposition, Omaha,. Participation in these exhibitions of national and international scope has brought obvious advantages in that the work of the division became known to the people at large and in the opportunities afforded by direct appropriations which could be expended in the purchase of specimens, the making of models, restorations and silhouette paintings of the disappeared. .

Purchased Hesperornis regalis and Dinomiscrassus skeleton. . 1904, St. Louis: Life-size Stegosatirus stenops restaurant.

DIVISION OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY — GILMORE 339

The southeastern courtyard space was assigned to the exhibition of fossils, invertebrates and plants. There was a small, periodic growth in the exhibition collections; the necessary preparation and installation was done by the osteologists led by F.A.Lucas. In 1902, a mounted skeleton of Hesjjerornis regalis, first displayed at the Pan American Exposition in Buffalo, was returned to the museum and placed in the permanent exhibit series.

This specimen has the further distinction of being the second dinosaur skeleton thus exhibited in North America, with the first honor going to a companion skeleton at the Peabody Museum. This exhibition was all organized by Mr Lucas as acting curator, although his main duties lay elsewhere in the museum.

DIVISION OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY — GILMORE 341

Little effort has been made to bring about a systematic arrangement of these materials, more stress being given to exhibiting larger specimens, so as to make themes and exhibit halls look to the best advantage. As better-preserved specimens are obtained, the practice of withdrawing inferior materials from time to time has been followed. This has greatly increased the attractiveness of the exhibition as a whole, as well as increasing the educational value of the public.

To some extent, the exhibition has been embellished with an addition of large canvases depicting the life form of various animals in their natural habitat. Other illustrative materials consisting of model restorations of various animals, carried out by Knight, Lull, Gidley and Gilmore, serve to aid visitors in visualizing the likely appearance in life of these long extinct animals.

DIVISION OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY — GILMORE 343 Table 2

344 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM

DIVISION OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY — GILMORE 345 With the closing of tliis volume a new system was put into effect,

THE PRINCIPAL ACCESSIONS TO THE DIVISION OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY TO THE CLOSE OF THE YEAR 1940

Records from the early years are unfortunately incomplete, but most specimens from this period were inferior in quality of preservation. This list has been compiled in large part from the annual reports, and since the fiscal year (introduced in 1885) runs from July 1 to June 30 of the following year, many of the specimens and collections may have been collected or acquired in the calendar year preceding to the annual report data used here.

DIVISION OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY GILMORE 349

Jouett;plaster cast of Rhmnplwrhynchus phyllums showing wing membrane was presented by O.C. Marsh; a case of fossil mammals, Myodes and Lagomys^ from Germany from Prof.A.L.Nehring; and eddy from Patuxent River, Md., from T.J.Stone. Caldwell: two boxes of mastodon, Equus and Mylodonbones from New Iberia, La., from William Crooks (Leidy, Joseph, Proc.

DIVISION OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY — GILMORE 351

The most important accession acquired this year was the Lacoe collection of fossil plants and vertebrates, which included 408 fish, amphibians, and reptiles, specimens received as a gift from the heirs of R.D.

DIVISION OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY GILMORE 353

The final shipment (5 carloads) of the Marsh Collection of Vertebrate Fossils, consisting of 590 boxes and crates, with a total weight of 80 tons and an approximate estimated value of $150,000, was transferred to the United States Geological Survey. This specimen was mounted for exhibition (Lucas, F.A., SmithsonianMisc.Coll., vol.45, p.95,1903); as a small collection of bird bones, including species of Pufflnus eyermmd and Tantalusmilne-ed'wardsi (Shufeldt,R. The skeleton of a female Pleistocene Maafodon americanv.^^ found near Church, Hillsdale County, Michigan, was purchased.

A skull and tuft, the type of Elephas Roosevelti, from the Pleistocene, found near Ashland, Cass County, 111., were purchased (Hay,O.

DIVISION OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY GILMORE 355

Osgood, who later described it as the type of Symhos terreUi (Smithsonian Misc.). The Department of the Interior presented another skull of a musk-ox {Gldleya zuniensis) from the Pleistocene of New Mexico. This collection contained many rare species, including the type mounted skeleton of Hoplophoneiu'< robustus (Adams, G. I., Amer.. 30, p from the Oligocene of South Dakota, and the skull and jaws of Uinfafheriuintnirahile from the Washakie (Eocene) of Wyoming.

DIVISION OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY — GILMORE 357

Gilmoreas type of Leidyosuchus sternbergi (Proc.U.S.Nat.Mus., vol.38,pp.485-502,pis fromtheLance,UpperCretaceous,and a complete skull neck of Glidastesvelox from the Nio-brarasHerve Formation were purchased by K. E the third addition to the FortUnion mammal collection was made with the purchase of 55 specimens from A. the signing of 20 specimens of mammals and reptiles from the American Museum of Natural History completed the exchange for Cope's materials; of specimens transmitted from the partial skeleton of Dimetro-donohius with special value of Texas The composite skeleton of the rhinoceros {Diceratherium cooki), now mounted and on exhibit, from the Lower Miocene of Nebraska was received in exchange with the Carnegie Museum of Pittsburgh.

DIVISION OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY GILMORE 359 The type specimen of Neurankylus wyomingensis from the Upper

Smyth County, Va., was presented by H. CollectinginthelocalMiocene field in the cliff along Chesapeake Bay by William Palmer and NormanH. Bossyieldeda complete skull and mandibles with much of the articulated skeleton of the long-beaked porpoise Eurhirwdelphisho8si, beautifully preserved short-beaked porpoise skull {Kentriodon pernix), and many parts of these same animals. Terr.Oklahoma, p. 15,1902);and teeth-hand-jaw fragments of the type Titanoidesp7'iiiiaevus from the FortUnion of North Dakota, received by transfer from the United States Department of Agriculture by VernonBailey (Gidley, J.W., Proc.U.S.Nat. the Indian skeleton of a very large Mastoden canton of a very large Indian Mastoden^ is presented by W.

A collection of 30 armored dinosaur skin plates from the Upper Cretaceous of Wyoming was presented by Dr.

DIVISION OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY — GILMORE 361

The type skull and lower jaw of Equuslambeif from the Pleistocene of Gold KunCreek, Yukon Territory (Hay, O. P., Proc.U. S. Nat and a partial skull of Syiribos eavifrons from the Pleistocene of Indiana was purchased. 1916), from the Paleocene and Upper Cretaceous of the San Juan Basin of NewMe xico was transferred United States Geological Survey. This is the most important contribution from this source in recent years, there are 50 identifiable turtle specimens, many of them complete, of which 16 have been described as new species (Gilmore, CW, U.S.Geol.Surv. Typski a specimen of Ter^irepenewhitneyif from the Pleistocene of Texas was presented by Prof.F.H.Whitney (Hay, O.P., Univ.Texas Bull.

The most important accession of the year was that which we received as a deposit from the Florida Geological Survey, consisting of 24 type specimens from the Miocene and Pleistocene of Florida. Skull and mandibles of Monocloniicsnasicornis from Belly River, Upper Cretaceous, Alberta; skull and partial skeleton of Diplocaulus eopeif from the Permian of Texas; and a partial articulated skeleton of Tylosaurus pr

DIVISION OF ^ERTEBKATE PALEONTOLOGY — GILMORE 363

A block of Dicerathermm bones in situ from the famous Miocene Agate SpringsQuarry, Nebr., was collected for the museum by James W. The collection of about 200 specimens of Pleistocene mammals from a cave in Coconino County, Ariz., was received in exchange. with the University of Arizona (Hay, O. P., Proc from the Dunnellon formation of Florida, was received in exchange with the Buffalo Society of Natural History. Amale and a female skull of Dicerathenv.m, biscuits and plasters of two skulls of the Permian reptiles Edaphosauriis and Diadectes were received in exchange with the Walker Museum of the University of Chicago.

An almost complete hind limb of Gorgosamm^^ a tail club of an armored dinosaur, and the fore limbs, feet and pectoral girdle of a small trachodont dinosaur, all from the Bellj' River, Upper Cretaceous, of Alberta, Canada , is in an exchange with the Victoria Memorial Museum. DEPARTMENT OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY —GILMORE 365Belly River, Upper Cretaceous, was received in exchange with the.

DIVISION OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY — GILMORE 365 Belly River, Upper Cretaceous, was received in exchange with the

The type specimen of the physeteroid whale {Ontocetm oxymyc-tem^) from Santa Barbara, California, was presented by Mrs. Further cetacean specimens, a partial skull of Z(^hci and one of Eurhinodelphis collected by Norman H. Boss from the Miocene, Calvert formation, Chesapeake Bay, Md. A small collection of South American mammals was presented by Brother Ariste Joseph; a skeleton of Elephaslacking the skull from the Pleistocene of Franklin County, Washington, was transmitted by the United States Geological Survey.

Baluchitherimnand skull groups and type casts of Griphodonperuvianus were received in exchange with the American Museum of Natural History, New York. The most important collection of the year was a series of fossil tracks from the Coconino Sandstone, Permian of the Grand Canyon of Arizona, collected by Charles W. Gilmore in cooperation with the National Park Service (Gilmore, C.

DIVISION OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY — GILMORE 367

1, 1923) from the Belly Eiver, UpperCretaceous, of Canada, was received by exchange with the American Museum of Natural History. A plaster cast of the snake Boavusidelmania from the Eocene of Wyoming was received in exchange with the American Museum of Natural History. A plaster cast of a skeleton of Eohippus from the Big Horn Basin, Wyo., was made by Dr.

From the Triassic of Arizona, this same expedition collected three Phytosaurus skulls and a Busttneria amphibian skull. 376 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM tol.90 The type of ToiiKtrctus marylandica from the Miocene of Maryland was introduced by C .