Wieland's Teutscher Merkur from the perspective of the popular moral journals and thereby establishes a continuity in the development of Enlightenment magazines. A primary medium of popular enlightenment through the mid-eighteenth century was the moral weekly. The establishment of the literary-cultural magazines in the Enlightenment stems from the specific conception of community and a comprehensive understanding of social communication, so that.
In the narrative theme, the combination of pedagogical and entertaining elements in the gallant novel foreshadows the ethical instruction of the moral novel (59-60). Marquard places the origins of philosophical anthropology in the 16th century and provides a panoramic survey of the term and bibliography between 1770 and 1970. This monograph and conference proceedings published as Der ganze Mensch (Der ganze Mensch: .. Jahrhundert: DFG-Symposion 1992 ) provide two the most diverse sources of information on the connection between literature and anthropology in.
Both the novels and the weeklies begin to deploy body/soul interaction in the 1740s, decades before the current dating of the anthropological turn to the period. Likewise, the moral weeklies illustrate the early use of the interaction between the material and the metaphysical in periodicals.
ANTHROPOLOGICAL CONCEPTS IN THE EARLY ENLIGHTENMENT EARLY ENLIGHTENMENT
He was thus one of the first professors from any German-speaking territory to lecture in the vernacular (Wedding 1984, 615). In the treatise de Anima, Aristotle brought up the nature of the soul and its relation to the body. Eighteenth-century versions of the science of humanity anticipated the three discourses on human nature mentioned above (ethnology, comparative anatomy, philosophy of human nature).
According to Linden, Stephan Chauvin provided one of the first detailed descriptions of scientific anthropology in the Lexicon philosophicum. Kant defines, classifies and creates a rational structure for the interpretation of the science of mankind. Even with the ambiguity of the physical and moral nature, body and soul co-penetrate each other.
In the first section of the article "Mensch", Walch postulates the controversial relationship of the individual's physical and moral being. For Plato, human nature lay in the interaction of the angry, willing and rational souls (2:91). Similarly, the body influences the soul by transferring perception from the outside to the inside of the organism.
The theory of affect shows that the body played a role in the turmoil of the soul (1:89-90).
PUSHING BACK THE DATE: ANTHROPOLOGICAL DISCOURSE AS LITERARY MODEL – THE EUROPEAN AND GERMAN AS LITERARY MODEL – THE EUROPEAN AND GERMAN
With Wieland and Jean Paul, Schings plots the origins and crisis of the anthropological novel. 37On early eighteenth-century notions of the body/soul connection in Germany see Eric Watkins, "The. Furthermore, the novel's body/soul discourse of moral life provides a context for essays and narratives in the moral periodicals of the 1750s and 1760s .
Richardson's first epistolary novel probably also influenced Gellert's writing Leben der schwedischen Gräfin von G***. The novels provide a veritable supply of linguistic representation of melancholy, hysteria, hypochondria and vapors. Based on the doctor's answers, Richardson's condition seems to have worsened in the second half of the 1730s.
Richardson's knowledge of the interplay of body and soul was not necessarily just shaped by a tradition that was widely available in the eighteenth century. Richardson's Pamela represents one of the best examples of interweaving the themes of dualistic human nature, sensibility and morality in a novel (along with La vie de Marianne). Physical sensitivity also plays a role in the love triangle of the main character, Count Rivera.
Finally, Christoph Martin Wieland's Agathon shifts the concentration of the body/soul discourse from the popular to the philosophical domain. Due to its multifaceted nature, the disease remains highly specific to the individual's experience. Discourses on the material and the metaphysical give shape to these goals in Leben der schwedischen Gräfin von G***.
The conclusion of the Mariane and Carlson subplot further connects the physical and moral realms. This connection extends, in the example of Steeley and Amalie's friendship and love, to the novel's engagement of the reader's tears of pathos. Along with Pamela and Leben der schwedischen Gräfin von G***, Miß Fanny Wilkes chronicles the growing importance of the body/soul discourse.
By participating in the life of the body one can limit the imagination and thereby prevent the onset of madness (110).
ANALYZING ANTHROPOLOGY AVANT LA LETTRE
In the rest of the thesis, I examine how writers transferred anthropological knowledge from philosophical and medical essays to literature, as well as how they used narrative in expository writings. In each of these debates, consideration of the problem of intersubstantial causation – the question of how body and soul interact – fostered a further flowering of Halle's anthropological. Furthermore, in the aftermath of the Thirty Years' War which purged both Brandenburg and the Duchy of Magdeburg of up to half of their inhabitants, Brandenburg viewed immigration as a tool for economic revival (Deppermann 7, 22-23).
At the behest of the ducal family, Stahl worked to recruit August Hermann Francke for the post of court preacher in 1691, but failed. After Hermann Boerhaave in Leiden, Hoffmann and Stahl were two of the most important physicians of the early eighteenth century (Helm 62; Geyer-Kordesch, "G. E. Stahl's Radical Pietist Medicine" 75). Hoffmann's mechanical physiology gave the soul little influence over bodily function and his therapy left treatment of the soul to men of the cloth (249).
Continuing until 1715, the exchange surveyed views opposing the relationship of the material to the metaphysical. Stahl's organism generated its heterogeneous, dynamic, and complex chemical nature under the direction of the soul (Duchesneau 219). This system of preordained harmony relied on the correlation of soul appearances with bodily movement and vice versa, although each sphere remained bound by its own laws and limited in action to its own sphere (Duchesneau 232).
Refusing to recognize the interdependence of the material and the metaphysical implied the non-existence of important life experiences such as action and passion (58). For Leibniz, the logic of the physical universe was at stake: bodies had to follow mechanical laws. For when the motions that sit in the body itself were correctly and directly established and calculated to preserve the body, as the soul is.
Leibniz developed his idea of predetermined harmony by working out the principles of monadology (Hartmann 123). By faithfully questioning mechanistic views of the universe and including the soul in his medical theory, Stahl gained Pietist support. By examining the nature of the soul, the role of the nervous system, and the imbalance of the mind, Stahl proves a pioneer in bridging the realms of the material and the metaphysical ("G. E. Stahl's Radical Pietist Medicine" 87).
