This study includes not only an examination of both the market and the supply chain, but also of the participants in them. Do you think the prices of the products you sell will be affected by legislation.
DISCUSSION - OVERPACKAGING INVESTIGATION – ALTERNATIVE PACKAGING SUGGESTIONS
Do you think using take-back programs can result in resource reduction and a more environmentally friendly way of doing business?
THE PACKAGING CONTEXT
PACKAGING IN THE SUPPLY CHAIN: REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION
INTRODUCTION
The research context
The role and importance of paper packaging in the supply chain is one of the main issues explored in this investigation. 20 As shown in Figure 1.1, based on Eurostat data, the annual index of industrial production in Greece for the period followed the general average trend of the European Union.
![Figure 1.2. Industry Production Index per country Source: Eurostast, [online] Available at: < http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do> [Accessed 26th January 2013]](https://thumb-ap.123doks.com/thumbv2/123dok/10264123.0/22.892.154.686.140.1160/figure-industry-production-eurostast-available-eurostat-accessed-january.webp)
Research Aims and Objectives This research considers the following aims
The main purpose of this analysis is to propose and evaluate the use of lighter paper packaging (compared to the current packaging used by the company) and to present the advantages and disadvantages of the alternative suggestions. Finally, the research will be expanded to provide solid evidence that redesigning paper corrugated packaging can deliver cost benefits.
Outline of the Research Methodology 1. Type of Research
- The Data Gathering Process
The main idea covering the case study is the investigation of a specific paper packaging supply chain. After completing the above procedure, they supply packaging manufacturers with these raw materials to produce paper packaging for use in the supply chain.
The processes used to gather data for Aim 1 in this research, are presented below (see Figure 1.9.)
To conduct a survey of supply chain participants (suppliers, packaging manufacturers, industrial customers, wholesalers-retailers, final consumers) using a written questionnaire to collect original data from the Greek market. Assess the characteristics of a Greek supply chain in the European market from an environmental point of view.
The processes used to gather data for Aim 2 in this research, are presented below (see Figure 1.10.)
Research Originality
Due to the wide-ranging nature of the subject, both approaches are focused on the secondary corrugated packaging. The solutions were eventually proposed to the company, which provided the details and basis for the case study.
The role of the researcher / Bias
Structure of the Thesis
Chapter 1: Introduces the subject matter and defines the research aims and objectives. It also covers an overview of the research methodology and tools used in
Deals with the review of the literature and the general packaging concept
40 Chapter 4: Covers survey design and the methods used in the questionnaires sent to the various links in the packaging supply chain.
Discusses the original data collected by the different links of the supply chain. The results are collated and analysed per link and some conclusions are
Discusses the results of the analysis of the data obtained from the supply chain. Furthermore alternative suggestions for a more sustainable packaging supply
Summary
THE PACKAGING CONTEXT
Introduction
A brief History of Packaging
- Paper and Paper Products History
- Glass
- Metals
- Plastics
High recyclability, as typically more than 80% of the materials used in the manufacturing process can be recycled. 53 On the other hand, corrugated packaging is one of the most popular packaging categories.
Sustainability
On the contrary, according to the same source, companies have realized from an internal point of view that sometimes improving their operations to be environmentally friendly can prove to be efficient and successful. This innovative product requires less packaging, requires less space for storage and transport and ultimately results in reduced carbon emissions, maintaining an environmentally friendly notion.
Sustainable Packaging
It should be emphasized that the industry is currently making real progress in packaging. A notable example is that of Sainsbury, which announced that the company intends to increase the use of recycled and recyclable packaging materials while making it easier for its UK customers to recycle.
Summary
67 Additionally, the company decided to ask its toy suppliers to replace the wire ties used to prevent the toy from moving in the box with ties made from natural fibers. It should not be overlooked that the above packaging innovations would not have materialized if they had not been preceded by achievements in two other areas: packaging machinery and packaging materials. As commented by Brulz (2013), the invention of biopolymers was not adequate as the industry would have to make appropriate changes or additions to the machinery in order to ensure that the materials were fully functional, did not hinder the production process itself or generate print. failures.
Finally, it deals with the idea of sustainability, presenting the main ideas, strengths, advantages and limitations of this approach, while listing and describing some practices undertaken by large companies.
PACKAGING IN THE SUPPLY CHAIN
REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
Introduction
- What is logistics?
- The Importance of Logistics
- Closed – loop supply chains
As quoted in the Dictionary of Human Geography (2013), logistics is defined as "the organization and management of the movement of goods and services within a system". It could also be the adjustments, rules and processes of the warehouse that lead to finding the right product faster. Logistics and supply chain management are typically the most important factors in a company's performance and a key to success in the global economy, regardless of company size (Randall, 2000).
These benefits would derive from optimal end-of-use handling of the products. 2005) states that four main types of closed-loop supply chains are associated with the product life cycle, viz.
The Packaging Issue
The main objectives of the Specific Directive on Packaging and Packaging Waste and individual laws adopted by other countries (e.g. As Shamash (2009) states, environmentally conscious customers encourage the industry to find ways to reduce packaging while keeping the product's image intact. Although packaging reduction has become one of the most important packaging and packaging waste issues in EC.
The type and quality of packaging will result in the quality of the packaged product.
Packaging Reverse Logistics
Reverse logistics tends to be one of the most important sectors in an organized society, since the operation of such systems was underestimated until now, especially where the problems of inadequate planning and infrastructure affect our lives. Sadler (2007) supports that reverse logistics offers significant benefits to companies, who can benefit financially by reducing the amount of wasted products. By analyzing the core procedures related to each of them, they show the reasons why the same procedures cannot be implemented in both forward and reverse logistics.
Different administration procedures are therefore required to be applied to each of them – forward and reverse logistics.
Defining Packaging
Similarly, a small portion of 15% answered that the packaging extends the life of the product itself. On the other hand, almost half of the respondents (46%) answered that packaging uses too many materials and moreover (35%) that the nature of the packaging makes it difficult to dispose of it. For what is relevant to packaging, they argue that it is what makes its ability to convey brand positioning, convey product benefits to consumers, and guide the ultimate purchase decision at the point of sale, so important, especially for store marketing.
This is one of the most difficult questions for a designer, because it must appear and often takes up a lot of space.
Packaging and logistics
Packaging must be designed to have all the sufficient properties to protect the contained product from physical conditions such as temperature, moisture, shock and vibration, falls and bumps, etc. In addition, it must be informative for the consumer providing useful information about the contained product (safety, proper storage conditions, ingredients, etc.) in the local language. The accuracy of manual or automatic identification systems is influenced by the optimization of the product's packaging.
The packaging must comply with the various transport and storage needs to reduce costs and facilitate the whole process.
Packaging in numbers
An overall picture of global consumer packaging consumption by continent for the year 2009 is shown in the following bar chart (Figure 3.5.). 14 Data on EU 15 are presented because more annual data are available compared to EU 27, facilitating evaluation in this way. Source: Eurostat, Environmental statistics (last updated see: Waste statistics (env_was), Waste streams (env_wasst), Packaging waste (env_waspac).
According to the World Packaging Organization and Pira International (2008), the global packaging market was valued at $459 billion in 2004 (a 4 percent growth compared to 2003) and in 2009 it reached $564 billion, an increase of 4.5 percent annually .
Packaging Choice, Nature and
Increased product protection Increase (stacking) but reduce cube utilization by increasing the size of the product dimensions. Increased package information Reduces other communications about the product, such as phone calls to track lost shipments. No one should forget that the role of packaging on the enhancement and identification of a product is of equal importance to the protection of the product itself.
Another factor that affects the choice of packaging is whether the product is intended for export or domestic distribution.
Package Design
Furthermore, Richardson (2010) states that “…lightening or reducing the weight of packaging is a key sustainable packaging strategy”. In addition, 85% of respondents support that the industry should be responsible for producing more. From a marketing point of view, however, a very important thing that emphasizes the importance of packaging design is the desired image of the product.
In addition, it should be noted that the image of the product's packaging is important and must remain attractive Figure 3.12.
Improper Packaging – Modern Life - Over packaged Products
- Green or Environmental Friendly Packaging
- Alternative Packaging Materials
Interesting studies in this area reveal significant losses for the manufacturer or retailer due to inventory. 110 As described, these new environmentally friendly materials could be used to produce several types of packaging, e.g. In any case, new materials and production techniques are expected to pave the way in the packaging industry.
It is very likely that in the near future environmental protection will play an important role and more and more biodegradable materials will be used in an effort to ensure greater sustainability in the packaging sector.
Packaging Recovery Methods 1. Recycle
- Reuse
- Incineration
In addition to the above, Smith and Pottier (2010) state that green packaging efforts include not only recycling the packaging itself, but also the use of recycled materials. They also add that packaging shape and maximum efficiency from the point of origin to the point of use is another important factor in an effort to reduce the environmental impact of packaging. It should be noted that there is a strong correlation between the type of packaging materials and average recycling rates.
As described by the EPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency, 2009), reuse is defined as: “The repeated use of a product in the same form for the same purpose or for different purposes, such as reusing a soft drink bottle when it
Summary
Starting with an analysis of environmental legislation, this investigation analyzes the issue in detail while focusing on the Greek market and its potential peculiarities. In addition, the investigation contains a detailed analysis of the packaging transformation process with a focus on secondary packaging. The analysis methodology creates an adequate framework for the implementation and evaluation of the packaging redesign process.
So, the importance of this study is that all these aspects have been studied in relation to the Greek actuality, thus enriching the packaging literature.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
- Introduction
- Research Methodology
- Qualitative and Quantitative approaches
- Case Selection and description
- Data Collection
- Questionnaire Methodology
- Design of a Questionnaire
- Level of Rigour
- Bias in a questionnaire
- Analysis of the Questionnaire Design Method
- Minimization of Bias in a Questionnaire
- Sample Surveys of Supply Chain Partners
- Link 3: Industrial Customers
- Link 4: Wholesaler Of the ~306,000 W
- Link 6: Final Consumers Population
- Sample Size and Response Rate
- Questionnaires
- The Greek Packaging Context
In the present research, we chose the method of filling in the questionnaire by the respondents. Send an attractive cover letter with the questionnaire explaining the purpose and importance of the research. A cover letter explaining the scope and importance of the research was sent to the questionnaire.
Five different questionnaires were developed to cover the five segments of the supply chain.
ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION
- Introduction
- Analysis and Discussion
- Questionnaires: Detailed analysis
- Sample Size and Response Rate
- Suppliers (S)
- Questionnaires: Suppliers (S)
- Results of the Questionnaires: Suppliers (S) S1: Kind of raw materials produced?
- Discussion of the Questionnaires: Suppliers (S)
- Packaging Manufacturers (PM)
- Questionnaires: Packaging Manufacturers (PM)
- Discussion of the Questionnaires: Packaging Manufacturers (PM)
- Industrial Customers (IC)
- Questionnaires: Industrial Customers (IC)
- Results of the Questionnaires: Industrial Customers (IC) IC1: In which sector does the company belong?
The respondents were asked if they were aware of the Packaging and Packaging Waste Directive. None of the respondents believe that the implementation of the directive will contribute to a better environmental performance. The respondents answered that 100% of the waste they produce during the manufacturing process is sent for recycling.
Here, respondents had to fill in the proportion of different packaging materials they use.
Do you think that the implementation of this Directive is going to affect the prices of your products reflecting the increase of cost?
- Wholesalers – Retailers (WR)
- Questionnaires: Wholesalers – Retailers (WR)
- Results of the Questionnaires: Wholesalers – Retailers (WR) WR1: What is your annual turnover?
- Summary of the Questionnaires: Wholesalers – Retailers (WR)
- Consumers (C)
- Questionnaires: Consumers (C)
- Results of the Questionnaires: Final Consumers (FC) FC1: What is your name?
Only a small percentage of respondents (13.8%) responded that the prices of their products will remain unaffected. Both respondents answered that they had noticed broken products many times in the past. Each of the consumers represented themselves (as opposed to the other links where each of the respondents represented a company).
The majority of respondents (~85%) have never heard of the Packaging and Packaging Waste Directive.
![Figure 1.5. Greek Total Domestic Packaging Source: Eurostast, [online] Available at: < http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do](https://thumb-ap.123doks.com/thumbv2/123dok/10264123.0/25.892.134.686.124.1161/figure-greek-domestic-packaging-source-eurostast-available-eurostat.webp)
