Total = (100%) - Undip PAK Repository

(1)

LEMBAR

HASIL PENILAIAN SEJAWAT SEBIDANG ATAU PEER REVIEW KARYA ILMIAH : PROSIDING

Judul Karya Ilmiah : Study of Rendement of Red Ginger Essential Oil from Red Ginger Waste by Using Steam Distillation Process

Jumlah Penulis : 4 Orang (Widayat Widayat, Ayu Sofiati Dita, Cahyono Bambang and Satriadi Hantoro) Status Pengusul : Penulis ke-3

Identitas Prosiding : a. Judul Prosiding : The 3rd International Conference on Energy, Environmental and Information System (ICENIS 2018)

b. ISBN/ISSN : 2267-1242

c. Thn Terbit, Tempat Pelaks. : 2018, Semarang, Indonesia d. Penerbit/Organiser : EDP Sciences

e. Alamat Repository/Web : https://www.e3s-

conferences.org/articles/e3sconf/abs/2018/48/e3sc onf_icenis18_07002/e3sconf_icenis18_07002.ht ml

Alamat Artikel : https://www.e3s-

conferences.org/articles/e3sconf/pdf/2018/48/e3sc onf_icenis18_07002.pdf

f. Terindeks di (jika ada) : Scopus Kategori Publikasi Makalah : √ ProsidingForum Ilmiah Internasional (beripada kategori yang tepat) ProsidingForum Ilmiah Nasional Hasil PenilaianPeer Review:

Komponen Yang Dinilai

Nilai Reviewer

Nilai Rata- Reviewer I Reviewer II rata

a. Kelengkapan unsur isi prosiding (10%) 2,00 2,00 2,00

b. Ruang lingkup dan kedalaman pembahasan (30%) 6,00 7,00 6,50

c. Kecukupan dan kemutahiran data/informasi dan metodologi (30%)

7,00 7,00 7,00

d. Kelengkapan unsur dan kualitas terbitan/prosiding(30%) 6,00 7,00 6,50

Total = (100%) 21,00 23,00 22,00

Nilai Pengusul = (40% x 22,00)/3= 2,93

Semarang, 30 Juli 2020 Reviewer 2

Prof. Dr. Istadi, S.T., M.T.

NIP. 197103011997021001

Unit Kerja : Teknik Kimia FT UNDIP

Reviewer 1

Prof. Dr. Andri Cahyo Kumoro, S.T., M.T.

NIP. 197405231998021001

Unit Kerja : Teknik Kimia FT UNDIP

(2)

LEMBAR

b. ISBN/ISSN : 2267-1242

Nilai Maksimal Prosiding Nilai Akhir Yang Diperoleh Internasional

Nasional

a. Kelengkapan unsur isi prosiding (10%) 3,00 2,00

b. Ruang lingkup dan kedalaman pembahasan (30%)

9,00 6,00

9,00 7,00

d. Kelengkapan unsur dan kualitas terbitan/prosiding(30%)

9,00 6,00

Total = (100%) 30,00 21,00

Nilai Pengusul = (40% x 21,00)/3 = 2,80 Catatan Penilaian Paper oleh Reviewer :

1. Kesesuaian dan kelengkapan unsur isi paper: Artikel ini mencakup judul, abstrak, pendahuluan, metodologi, hasil dan pembahasan, kesimpulan, ucapan terima kasih dan daftar pustaka. Pendahuluan cukup mengarah kepada tujuan penulisan artikel. Namun judul artikel ini cukup membingungkan karena tidak menggunakan Bahasa Ingris yang cukup baik.

2. Ruang lingkup dan kedalaman pembahasan: Isi artikel masih dalam ruang lingkup topic seminar yang meliputi metode pengaruh waktu pengeringan dan waktu distilasi uap terhadap rendemen minyak atsiri dari limbah jahe merah. Walaupun hasil percobaan ditampilkan cukup banyak dan baik, namun karena hanya dibahas dengan dukungan 4 pustaka sehingga tidak menunjukkan kedalaman dan kontribusi ilmiah yang cukup memadai.

3. Kecukupan dan kemutakhiran data/informasi dan metodologi: Metodologi percobaan ditulis berdasarkan pada pustaka yang relevan. Data yang ditampilkan dalam artikel cukup banyak untuk artikel dalam prosiding seminar. Artikel ini menggunakan 10 pustaka dan 8 di antaranya tergolong mutakhir (80,00%).

4. Kelengkapan unsur dan kualitas terbitan: E3S Web of Conference ini tergolong prosiding seminar ilmiah mencakup bidang ilmu bumi dan planet, energy dan lingkungan yang baik dengan SJR 0.174 dan H Index 14 pada pemeringkatan jurnal Scimago tahun 2018. Editorial board conference berasal dari berbagai negara, terdapat pedoman penulisan yang jelas dan format penulisan cukup konsisten. Akan tetapi, artikel ini tidak menunjukkan gaya tulisan dan kualitas penggunaan Bahasa Inggris yang memadai. Prosiding ini menyajikan artikel-artikel yang terpilih pada The 3rd International Conference on Energy, Environmental and Information System (ICENIS 2018), Semarang, Indonesia yang hampir semua artikelnya ditulis oleh penulis dari Indonesia , terutama dari Universitas Diponegoro

Semarang, Juli 2020 Reviewer 1

Prof. Dr. Andri Cahyo Kumoro, S.T., M.T.

NIP. 197405231998021001

Unit Kerja : Teknik Kimia FT UNDIP 30

(3)

LEMBAR

b. ISBN/ISSN : 2267-1242

Nilai Maksimal Prosiding Nilai Akhir Yang Diperoleh Internasional

Nasional

a. Kelengkapan unsur isi prosiding (10%) 3,00 2,00

b. Ruang lingkup dan kedalaman pembahasan (30%)

9,00 7,00

d. Kelengkapan unsur dan kualitas terbitan/prosiding(30%)

9,00 7,00

Total = (100%) 30,00 23,00

Nilai Pengusul = (40% x 23,00)/3 = 3,07 Catatan Penilaian Paper oleh Reviewer :

1. Kesesuaian dan kelengkapan unsur isi paper:

Kelengkapan unsur paper untuk artikel ilmiah cukup dan sesuai skop prosiding conferencenya.

2. Ruang lingkup dan kedalaman pembahasan:

Hasil dan Pembahasan cukup mendalam.

3. Kecukupan dan kemutakhiran data/informasi dan metodologi:

Pustaka acuan cukup untuk artikel conference, termasuk kemuktahirannya.

4. Kelengkapan unsur dan kualitas terbitan:

Kelengkapan unsur dan kualitas prosiding E3S mencakup dan sudah terindeks Scopus.

Semarang, Reviewer 2

Prof. Dr. Istadi, S.T., M.T.

NIP. 197103011997021001

Unit Kerja : Teknik Kimia FT UNDIP 30

(4)

(5)

Document details

1 of 1

Study of Rendement of Red Ginger Essential Oil from Red Ginger Waste by Using Steam Distillation Process

(Conference Paper) (Open Access)

, , ,

Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia Advanced Material Laboratory, Integrated Laboratory, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia

Abstract

This study aims to determine the value of rendement of red ginger essential oil from red ginger waste that has been dried through the steam distillation process . Red ginger waste from fresh red ginger that has been taken the juice then dried with the help of sunlight for , , and days. The dried red ginger waste then subjected to steam distillation for and hours to determine the rendement of the red ginger essential

oil produced. Based on the study , the rendement of each essential oil on hours distillation time were . %; . %; %; and . %, while at hours distillation time the rendement were . %; . %; . %; and . %.

The rendement was diﬀerences because of in hours time distillation ; the essential oil could be degradation process so that the rendement was higher in hours time distillation . The highest rendement was obtained by steam distillation of red ginger waste with days of drying time. © The Authors, published by EDP Sciences,

.

SciVal Topic Prominence

Topic:

Prominence percentile: 74.056

Author keywords

Essential oil Red ginger Rendement Steam distillation

Indexed keywords

Engineering controlled terms:

Distillation Food additives Information systems Information use Steam

Engineering uncontrolled terms

Degradation process Drying time Ginger essential oil Red ginger Rendement Steam distillation Steam distillation process

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Volume 73, 21 December 2018, Article number 07002

3rd International Conference on Energy, Environmental and Information System, ICENIS 2018;

Semarang; Indonesia; 14 August 2018 through 15 August 2018; Code 143635

Widayat, W.^a  Dita, A.S.^b Bambang, C.^c Hantoro, S.^a 

a b c

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Preface

This is the proceeding of the 3

^nd

International Conference on Energy, Environmental and Information System

(ICENIS)

2018. The theme of ICENIS 2018 is “Strengthening Planning and Implementation Energy, Environment, and Information System Toward Low Carbon Society.

ICENIS 2018 discussing the sustainability of the natural system, i.e energy management and policy, energy conservation, environmental education and planning, environmental conservation, environmental technology, environmental health, pollution control, waste management, green infrastructure and resilience, system information of supply chain and decision support system. Moreover the ICENIS 2018 introducing discussion of social aspect in low carbon society such as economic perspective, government, public policy and international relation, formal informal worker, gender, media and culture development

ICENIS 2018 organized by school of Postgraduate Studies, Diponegoro University has been conducted 14-15

^th

august 2018. The conference has successfully performing forum to transferring and discussing research result among the researcher, students, government, private sector or industries. More than 390 participants and presenters from several countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia, Germany, Sudan, Australia, Japan, Libya have attended the conference to share their significant contribution in research related to energy, environment and information system. This proceeding contains 334 selected paper from the conference.

We would like to express our gratitude to all authors and members of scientific committee, reviewers and also organizing committee for their contribution to the success of the conference.

Guest Editors

Prof. Hadiyanto

Dr. Eng. Maryono

Dr. Budi Warsito

(10)

CONFER.ENCE

COMMITTEE

Scientific Committee Chair Person

:

Dr.

Tri Retnaningsih Soeprobowati,

M.App.Sc

Members

:

Assoc

Prof. Dr. Hirofumi Nakayama (Kyushu university, _fapan) Prof. Peter

Gell [Federation

university, AustraliaJ

Prof.

Dr.

Suprihanto [lTB, ^Indonesia) Prof. Sudarmadji,

M.Eng.Sc [UGM,

Indonesia) Prof.Dr.

Rahayu, S.H.,M.Hum

IUNDIP, Indonesia) Prof. Dr. Hadiyanto,

ST, MSc (UNDIP, trndonesiaJ

Prof.

Drs.

Mustafid,

M.Eng., Ph.D (UNDIP,

Indonesia)

Dr.

Ing Sudarno,

ST, MSc (UNDIP,

Indonesiaj

Dr. dr.

Selamat

Budijitno,

M.Si.Med.,

SpB(K)onk

(UNDIP,

Indonesia) Dr. Henna

Rya Sunoko,

Apt,

MES IUNDIP,

IndonesiaJ

Dr. Budi Warsito,

S.Si, M.Si (UNDIP,

Indonesia)

KEYNOTE SPI

Prof. Dr. Takayuk Kyushu Universi Prof. Dr.

Nas

University of Malq Dr. Kanawut I

Rajamangala

University

Of Technol

Prof. Dr. Ho Chi

UTM,

Mdq Dr. funichi ^I

IGES,

fap

Dr. -Ing.

Sud School

of Postgraduate

Studies

Indonesi

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(11)

ORGANIZING COMMITTEE

Dr. Eng.

Maryono,

^ST,

MT Dr. Budi Warsito,

^S.Si.,^M.Si.

Prof. Sudharto

^P.

Hadi,

MES, Ph'D

Prof.

Dr.

HadiYanto,

^ST,^M.Sc

Dr. Hartuti Purnaweni, MPA dr.

M.

Sakundarno Adi,

^M.Sc.,^Ph'D

Dr. Suryono,

^S.Si.,M.Si

Dr. Ir. |aka Windarta, ^MT

l2l

(12)

KEYNOTE SPEAKER

Prof. Dr. TakaYuki Shimaoka Kyushu UniversitY,

_faPan

Prof. Dr. Nasrudin University of

MalaYa, MalaYsia

Dr" Kanawut Inkaew

Rajamangala

University

^Of

Technology Phra Nakhon, Thailand Frof. Dr. Ho Chin Shiong

UTM, MaiaYsia

Dr. funichi Fuiio

IGES, faPan

Dr. -Ing. Sudarno

School

of Postgraduate

Studies

Diponegoro University, Indonesia

ap anJ

o nesiaJ

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2/9/22, 4:07 PM E3S Web of Conferences

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Free Access to the whole issue

E3S Web of Conferences

Volume 73 (2018)

The 3

^rd

International Conference on Energy, Environmental and Information System (ICENIS 2018)

Semarang, Indonesia, August 14-15, 2018 Hadiyanto, Maryono and Budi Warsito (Eds.)

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Open Access

Statement of Peer review

Published online: 21 December 2018 PDF (46.1 KB)

Open Access

About the conference

Published online: 21 December 2018 PDF (289 KB)

Journals Books Conferences ^

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- Energy Planning, Policy, and Management

Open Access

Reducing Economic Disparity in the Outermost and Border Regions: Assessing Barriers and Opportunities in the Electricity Sector

⁰¹⁰⁰¹

Dhandy Arisaktiwardhana and Iqbal Akbar Published online: 21 December 2018

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20187301001 PDF (656.6 KB) References NASA ADS Abstract Service

Open Access

Analysis of Causality Relationship Energy Consumption and CO

₂

Emissions to Economic Growth based on the LEAP Model Case Study of Energy Consumption in Indonesia 2010-2025)

⁰¹⁰⁰²

Candra Arie Nugrahanto, Jaka Windarta and Jaka Aminata Published online: 21 December 2018

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20187301002 PDF (2.242 MB) References NASA ADS Abstract Service

Open Access

People’s Electricity Program For Solving Overload Domestic Waste Issue By Converting Trash To Energy Utilizing Bio-Digester Method

01003

Rinna Hariyati and Isworo Pujotomo Published online: 21 December 2018

Open Access

 Energy Planning, Policy, and Management

 Environmental Education, Planning and Policy

 Environmental Management and Spatial Planning

 Environmental Conservation

 Environmental Technology and Pollution Control

 Environmental Health, Toxicology and Epidemiology

 Technology, Culture and Society in Waste Management

 Environment, Infrastructure Development, Culture and Society

 Green Public Policy, Politic, and Equity Development

 Green Economic and Development

 Gender, Formal-Informal Worker and Environmental Behavior

 Health, Safety and Environment Information Systems

 System Information and Decision Support System

 Information Pattern Development, Language, and Media

OK

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Open Access

Thermoelectric application in energy conservation

⁰¹⁰⁰⁹

Andrya Muhamad Zuhud, Facta Mochammad and Widayat Widayat Published online: 21 December 2018

Open Access

Analysis of the E ect of Anode Porosity on Temperature Distribution on Planar Radial Type SOFC

⁰¹⁰¹⁰

Alif Widiyanto, Sulistyo and MSK Tony Suryo Utomo Published online: 21 December 2018

Open Access

The E ect Of Outside Corridor’s Orientation to Interior Thermal Condition at Lawang Sewu Semarang.

01011

Benediktus Yosef Arya Wastunimpuna, Wahyu Setia Budi and Erni Setyowati Published online: 21 December 2018

Open Access

Development of gasi cation process technology for the production of

environmentally friendly and sustainable syngas in Wood Processing Industry

01012

Nani Harihastuti and Rustiana yuliasni Published online: 21 December 2018

Open Access

The Study of Rice Husk as Co-Digestion Together with Cow Dung is Biogas Production of Anaerobic Digester

01013

Sania Septiani Mulyawan, Dini Widyani Aghnia, Elisabeth Rianawati, Enri Damanhuri, Marisa Handjani, Tri Padmi, Bridgid Chin Lai Fui, Menandro Acda and Pornkamol Unrean Published online: 21 December 2018

OK

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A Model for Hypogalactia Treatment Using Electrical Acupoint to Increase Breast Milk Volume and Improve Prolactin Content

⁰⁶⁰²⁰

Najwatul Maula Sheyla, Nurul Widyawati Melyana and Suryono Suryono Published online: 21 December 2018

Open Access

Evaluating Safety Climate Impact on Safety Behaviour of the Worker in Small and Medium Entreprises (SMEs) Wood Furniture in Bandengan Village, Jepara

⁰⁶⁰²¹

Susanto Novie, Budiawan Wiwik and Fardiansyah Ahmad Published online: 21 December 2018

- Technology, Culture and Society in Waste Management

Open Access

The Use of Paint Waste as A Raw Material of Paving Block

⁰⁷⁰⁰¹

Permana-Citra Ari Dina, Purwanto Purwanto and Soenoko Henna Rya Published online: 21 December 2018

Open Access

Study of Rendement of Red Ginger Essential Oil from Red Ginger Waste by Using Steam Distillation Process

⁰⁷⁰⁰²

Widayat Widayat, Ayu So ati Dita, Cahyono Bambang and Satriadi Hantoro Published online: 21 December 2018

Open Access

The E ectiveness of Using Hyacinth Plant As Phytoremediation Agent On Paper Industry Liquid Waste

⁰⁷⁰⁰³

Kartika Febriani Ika and Hadiyanto Published online: 21 December 2018

Open Access

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Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training to Empower Cat sh Farmers

¹¹⁰⁰³

Luqman Khakim, Sartono Sartono, Iwan Hermawan, Agung Sudaryono and Iwan Z. Fuad Published online: 21 December 2018

Open Access

Jora: The Centrality of Gender Equality for Sustainable Development

11004 Mytha Candria

Published online: 21 December 2018

Open Access

Democracy and Continuing Marginalization of Women in Indonesian Politics

11005 Abubakar Eby Hara, Agus Trihartono and Nino Viartasiwi

Open Access

The Quality of JAMPERSAL Service in North Konawe Regency, South East Sulawesi

11006

Dyah Hariani and Aufarul Marom Published online: 21 December 2018

Open Access

Digital Gender Gap Pattern in Indonesia

¹¹⁰⁰⁷

Anna Puji Lestaria and Sunarto Sunarto Published online: 21 December 2018

Open Access

The Reposition of Women’s Role in Migrant Worker’s Families in Karawang

11008 Mulyana Slamet, El Karimah Kismiyati and Octavianti Meria

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20187311008

OK

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Open Access

The in uence of technology determinism in forming criminal act of legislation

12011

Agus Raharjo, Yusuf Saefudin and Rini Fidiyani Published online: 21 December 2018

Open Access

Implementation Data Mining using Decision Tree Method-Algorithm C4.5 for Postpartum Depression Diagnosis

¹²⁰¹²

Aris Supriyanto, Suryono Suryono and Jatmiko Endro Susesno Published online: 21 December 2018

Open Access

The E ect of Layer Variation Between Liner and Cement Mantle on Reducing Cracks of PMMA Material Hip Joints

¹²⁰¹³

Eko Saputra, J Jamari, Han Ay Lie, Iwan Budiwan Anwar, Rifky Ismail, Mohammad Tauviqirrahman and Emile van der Heide

Open Access

The Contact Simulation Comparison of UHMWPE to the Crosslink Intensity E ect

12014

Reza Azizul Nasa Al Hakim, Sigit Arrohman, Eko Saputra, Iwan Budi Anwar, J Jamari, Rifky Ismail, Athanasius P. Bayuseno and Mohammad Tauviqirrahman

- System Information and Decision Support System

Open Access

OK

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Open Access

Cultural Development through Language Styles and Expression of Teenage Girls Identity in Indonesian Teen lit Novel Me Versus High Heels by Maria Ardelia

¹⁴⁰¹⁹

Redyanto Noor, Arido Laksono and Rukma Kawentar Published online: 21 December 2018

Open Access

Mubalig Kondang: A Sociological Overview of Religiosity

14020 Sukarjo Waluyo and Astri Adriani Allien

Open Access

The Design of Unique Lexicon Formation of Javanese Speech in Semarang Lower Class Society

14021

M. Suryadi and Sri Puji Astuti

Open Access

The speci c cultural terms and expressions in the translation of literary work (novel)

14022

Mulyo Hadi Purnomo and Baharuddin Baharuddin Published online: 21 December 2018

Open Access

A Communication Pattern of President in Infrastructure Development : The Case of Jokowi in The Daily Kompas News

14023

Suharyo Suharyo

Open Access

(20)

Language Choice and Attitude of Maternal Communities in Semarang

¹⁴⁰²⁴

Suharyo Suharyo and Subiantoro Subiantoro Published online: 21 December 2018

E3S Web of Conferences

eISSN: 2267-1242

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* corresponding author: [email protected]

Reducing Economic Disparity in the Outermost and Border Regions: Assessing Barriers and Opportunities in the Electricity Sector

DhandyArisaktiwardhana^{1, *}andIqbalAkbar²

1Doctoral Program of Innovation Economics, Technische Universität Berlin – Germany

2MBA Program of Energy Management, Technische Universität Berlin – Germany

Abstract. Economic disparity is still a major problem threatening Indonesia’s future prosperity.

Spatial inequality between rural and urban areas remain to exist and is driven by unequal access to and unaffordable cost of the traditional electricity infrastructures. The national electrification ratio reached 91.16 % in 2016. This paper evaluates the feasibility of reforming existing regulations for Indonesia's electricity sector in its light to reduce economic disparities between-regions and intra- regions in Indonesia. A systematic review of the literature on the publications and research reports is used to provide inputs for revising the regulations of the electricity sector to address more focused mission-oriented objectives. Empirical models are discussed and established to predict the cost-saving from the reduction of CO2emission by applying the technological solutions for renewable energy and energy efficiency. This study finds a cost-saving of Rp. 135 trillion per 40.000 hours-use for the whole electricity consumers in Indonesia that can be converted into financial instruments to support the development of electricity infrastructure in the disadvantaged regions. In the end, the study concludes that there is a clear financial benefit, in the form of opportunity cost, for reforming narration of the electricity policy and further transforming the institutional arrangement.

Keywords:economic disparity; renewable energy; energy efficiency; CO2emission reduction

1 Electricity Access in Economic Equality

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, 0 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/2018

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*Corresponding author: [email protected]

The Study of Rice Husk as Co-Digestion Together with Cow Dung is Biogas Production of Anaerobic Digester

SaniaSeptiani Mulyawan^1,2,DiniWidyani Aghnia^1,2,ElisabethRianawati^1,*,EnriDamanhuri²,Marisa Handjani²,Tri Padmi², Bridgid Chin Lai Fui³, Menandro Acda⁴, Pornkamol Unrean⁵

1Resilience Development Initiative, Bandung - Indonesia

2Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Institute Teknologi Bandung–Indonesia

3Curtin University Sarawak, CDT 250, 98009 Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia

4University of the Philippines Los Banos, Pedro R. Sandoval Ave, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines

5National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park Paholyothin Road, Klong 1, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand

Abstract. One of alternative waste-to-energy technologies to treat organic waste is anaerobic digestion.

This study conducted by three stage of experiments using the laboratory scale biogas production from cow dung and rice husk as co-digestion. Based on the first stage experiments, TS 10% gave the highest accumulation of biogas 458 ml and 506,95 ml. In the second stage of the experiments, 10 ml media in TS 20% gave the highest accumulation of biogas production (743.1 ml). The last stage of experiments showed that Blank TS 30% with 5 ml media gave the highest accumulation of biogas production (922.2 ml). From the last stage we can conclude that the presented of rice husk as a co-digestion didn’t give the significant effect to increase biogas production in anaerobic digestion, at least at room temperature. This caused by the high lignin and cellulose concentration in the rice husk that might resist or inhibit the production of biogas production. This is contrast situation when TS 40% occured, the existing of rice husk in AD will give positive impact to biogas produce.

Keywords:anaerobic digestion; cow dung; rice husk ; co-digestion.

1 Introduction

Anaerobic digestion performance is heavily influence by the characteristic of organic material such as food waste, manure, sewage sludge, organic fraction of municipal solid waste, and energy corps, and others [1].

The popularity of the technology is due to its ability to turn organic waste into energy [2].

In Indonesia, cow dung volumes are increasing annually and most of them are disposed without any treatment. Anaerobic digestion could be an alternative option to treat the cow dung and thus reducing the cost of disposal and produce biogas for energy recovery

.

Methane and carbon dioxide which is mainly contained in biogas production, can be used as renewable energy sources [3].

Other type of organic waste that is abundant in rural area is agricultural waste, such as properly such as rice husk, rice residues and rice straw from the drying process. The waste is abundant particularly during harvest and is mostly burnt in the field causing air pollutant. As a matter of fact, these wastes have high carbon content which can be used as for biogas production through anaerobic digestion process.

However as the rice residues are to optimize anaerobic digestion performance and obtaining energy by considering digestion of rice residues are difficult to

degrade, the parameters of the anaerobic digestion should be set properly [4].

Table 1Characteristic of Rice Husk Reported in Literatures Parameters Pillaier,

1988 Bronzeoak,

2003 Kumar,

P.Senthil, 2010

Crude protein, % 1.7 - 2.6 - -

Crude fiber, % 31.71 - 49.92

- -

Mineral Ash, % - - 13.87

Pentasans, % 16.94 - 21.95

- -

Crude fat, % 0.38 - -

Nitrogen free extract, %

24.7 - 38.79

- -

Cellulose, % 34.34 - 43.80

- 31.12

Ash, % 13.16 -

29.04

22.0-29.0 -

Hemicellulose, % - - 22.48

Lignin, % 21.40 - 46.97

- 22.34

Bulk Density

(kg/m3) - 96-160 -

Nitrogen, % - 0.23 - 0.32 -

Carbon, % - ≈35.0 -

Moisture, % - 8.0 - 9.0 -

Hydrogen, % - 4.0-5.0 -

, 0 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/2018

E3S Web of Conferences73 10 7301013

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*Corresponding author: [email protected]

Democracy and Continuing Marginalization of Women in Indonesian Politics

Abubakar Eby Hara^1,*, Agus Trihartono² and Nino Viartasiwi³

1Lecturer, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences University of Jember and Researcher, Center for Research in Social Sciences and Humanities (C-RiSSH), University of Jember

2Researcher, Center for Research in Social Sciences and Humanities (C-RiSSH), University of Jember

3Researcher, Institute of International Relations and Area Setudies, Ritsumeikan University, Kyoto, Japan

Abstract. Although much progress and efforts have been made to increase women's participation in politics, the main idea of women's involvement in politics has not yet penetrated into the mainstream of Indonesian politics. The main idea is not only a representation of the number of female population but also the representation that will bring new norms for Indonesian politics that has been so far dominated by the assumption of masculinity based on power politics and struggle to control resources by one party for the loss of others. This paper seeks to see how this marginalization of women continues to occur. One of the reasons for this cannot be separated from the waning of the reform spirit that inspired the reformation. Slowly but surely Indonesian politics is re-defined in term of power struggles by all means including by corruption, collusion, and nepotism that was once the object of criticism of reform groups. In this context, it is often the case that if women want to succeed in politics, they must follow such political norms and abandons the idealism of their struggle.

In fact, such women politicians not only abandon the ideal of feminist struggle but reinforce the assumption that politics is the world of men.

Keywords:Democracy, Women Participation, Quota in Parliament, Gender Inequality

1 Introduction

Indonesia has held four successful, democratic and fair elections after the fall of Suharto’s authoritarian regime in 1998. Theoretically, in this democratic system, all citizens with sufficient conditions without regard to gender, ethnicity, and religion have equal opportunity to vote and be elected. However, in practice, this is not always so. There are always special groups and marginalized groups. One example is in relation to women's groups. Men still enjoy privileges in politics because they are perceived as capable of formulating how politics should work. Politics is seen as a male world because it contains struggle for power to control others, which does not fit to women. This assumption is perhaps formulated with specific reference to Machiavelli’s views of ‘end justifies the means’.

Although Machiavelli also said about Fortuna in his book The Prince which represents the virtues of goodness and wisdom, the Fortuna has become unimportant in male’s dominated definition of what politics should be[1].

This paper assumes that politics depends on how actors define and shape it. Although the Indonesian system has been viewed as democratic by many observers[2], the process of strengthening democratic values depends on its perpetrators. We further wish to discuss politics within the framework of the contest of idea to define politics. In particular, we will elaborate how the views of women commonly

carried by feminist groups have not been part of a hegemonic political discourse.

Women have a diverse role starting from basic role to taking care of their families until their responsibilities to teach their children take care of nature and environment. Environment really important to woman because they interact more with the environment and natural resources. The impact of environmental damage is more often felt by women.

Beside that woman has another role to take care of themselves by following their dream until joining political world.

2 Methodology

This paper uses feminist approach. Feminism ideas and views on gender equality strengthened and got new spirit during the reform period. Awareness of equal rights between men and women and the need to end discrimination in employment began to gain a place in public space[3]. Women also state that their experiences in life and what they imagine about politics differ from men's experiences. In particular, bad and inhumane experiences make them know better than men about what politics should be[4]. This justifies the claim that women should obtain a corresponding representation of the female population in both parliament and government.

In feminist perspective, by having more representatives in parliament and government, women can engage further in policy-making processes that can https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201873

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*Corresponding author:[email protected]

The Effect of Layer Variation Between Liner and Cement Mantle on Reducing Cracks of PMMA Material Hip Joints

EkoSaputra^{1, 2,}*,JJamari¹,HanAy Lie³,IwanBudiwan Anwar⁴,RifkyIsmail¹,MohammadTauviqirrahman¹, Emilevan der Heide²

1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Diponegoro University, Semarang–Indonesia

2Laboratory for Surface Technology and Tribology, Engineering Technology Faculty, Twente University, Enschede - The Netherlands

3Department of Civil Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Diponegoro University, Semarang - Indonesia

4Orthopaedic and Traumatology Department, Prof. dr. R. Soeharso Orthopaedic Hospital, Surakarta - Indonesia

Abstract. Failure of cement mantle of bond loosening between liner and cement mantle is an important issue in total hip replacement. Two factors that commonly cause cement mantle failure are initial crack and stress. A solution for reducing stress on the cement mantle has been proposed by adding insertion material between liner and cement mantle. Nevertheless, further study is needed to optimize the proposed solution. A possible option is to vary the thickness of the insertion material. If the thickness of the PMMA material is constant, then the variation of the insertion thickness will be followed by the variation of the thickness of the liner. Consequently, the stress value on the liner will follow the variation of liner thickness. The objective of this study is to examine the effect of the thickness variation of the insertion material to stress on cement mantle and liner using finite element simulation. Results revealed that the magnitude of stress and deflection decreased in the cement mantle and the liner along with the increasing thickness of the insertion material.

Keywords:Cement mantle; liner; PMMA; hip joint; crack, stress.

1 Introduction

Implant material of bone cement or cement mantle is widely used to affix hip prosthesis in the total hip replacement [1]. Cement mantle experiences repeated cyclic loading, which can lead to fracture or crumble of the cement mantle [2]. The cement mantle failure is often associated with cracking in the cement mantle [3].

Cracking in the cement mantle is affected by material defects cause initial cracks, less than optimal thickness of the cement mantle, and stress on the cement mantle due to a contact load that can increase an initial crack.

Cracking problem can be investigated by experimental fatigue testing and computer simulations [3, 4]. To reduce the stress on the cement mantle with increase in the thickness of cement mantle, a number of researchers have attempted to optimize the cement mantle [1, 5, 6].

The conclusion of these studies is that stress on the cement mantle can be reduced by the reinforcement of cement mantle. However, Mann et al. stated that the growth rate of fatigue cracks did not depend on the thickness of cement mantle [7, 8].

Recently, Jamari et al. argued that increasing the thickness of cement mantle only affected the strength of the cement mantle itself, but not reduction in the cyclic load directly on the cement mantle [9]. The effect of cyclic loading or in other words can be represented by

repeated load can lead failure of hip prosthesis [10-12].

Furthermore, Jamari and colleagues argued that before the cyclic load toward the cement mantle, an additional layer was necessary. This layer is expected to reduce the contact stress on cement mantle and also the cyclic load toward the cement material. Therefore, Jamari et al.

proposed the layer addition to decrease the stress on the cement mantle. The results showed that the layer addition was able to decrease the stress on the cement mantle. Then the question arises: how optimal layer thickness to reduce stress on the cement mantle? The objective of this research is to investigate the optimal thickness of layer addition. For this purpose, the finite element simulation of contact static was performed using Abaqus software.

2 Material and Method

2.1. Geometry and material properties

The cemented consist of stem, ball (head), liner, cement, and acetabulum (Figure 1). Figure 1(b) shows the arrangement of hip interaction contact among the ball, liner, cement mantle, and bone. To simplify the analysis, an axisymmetric model was considered. The ball diameter, and the bone diameter were 28 mm and https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201873

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Study of Rendement of Red Ginger Essential Oil from Red Ginger Waste by Using Steam Distillation Process

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Preface

This is the proceeding of the 3

International Conference on Energy, Environmental and Information System

2018. The theme of ICENIS 2018 is “Strengthening Planning and Implementation Energy, Environment, and Information System Toward Low Carbon Society.

ICENIS 2018 organized by school of Postgraduate Studies, Diponegoro University has been conducted 14-15

We would like to express our gratitude to all authors and members of scientific committee, reviewers and also organizing committee for their contribution to the success of the conference.

Guest Editors

Prof. Hadiyanto

Dr. Eng. Maryono

Dr. Budi Warsito

COMMITTEE

Scientific Committee Chair Person

Tri Retnaningsih Soeprobowati,

Members

Prof. Dr. Hirofumi Nakayama (Kyushu university, fapan) Prof. Peter

university, AustraliaJ

Prof.

Suprihanto [lTB, Indonesia) Prof. Sudarmadji,

Indonesia) Prof.Dr.

IUNDIP, Indonesia) Prof. Dr. Hadiyanto,

Prof.

Mustafid,

Indonesia)

Ing Sudarno,

Indonesiaj

Dr. dr.

Budijitno,

SpB(K)onk

Indonesia) Dr. Henna

Apt,

IndonesiaJ

Dr. Budi Warsito,

Indonesia)

Prof. Dr. Takayuk Kyushu Universi Prof. Dr.

University of Malq Dr. Kanawut I

University

Prof. Dr. Ho Chi

Mdq Dr. funichi I

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Dr. -Ing.

of Postgraduate

Indonesi

ORGANIZING COMMITTEE

Maryono,

MT Dr. Budi Warsito,

Prof. Sudharto

Hadi,

Prof.

HadiYanto,

Dr. Hartuti Purnaweni, MPA dr.

Sakundarno Adi,

Dr. Suryono,

Dr. Ir. |aka Windarta, MT

Prof. Dr. TakaYuki Shimaoka Kyushu UniversitY,

Prof. Dr. Nasrudin University of

Dr" Kanawut Inkaew

University

Technology Phra Nakhon, Thailand Frof. Dr. Ho Chin Shiong

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Prof. Dr. Hirofumi Nakayama (Kyushu university, _fapan) Prof. Peter

Suprihanto [lTB, ^Indonesia) Prof. Sudarmadji,

Mdq Dr. funichi ^I

Dr. Ir. |aka Windarta, ^MT