CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION The Background of the Study
Humans employ a system of standardized verbal cues called language to communicate, Algeo (2010:2). Language is characterized as social communication that always occurs in a social setting. There is a language unique to each nation. Language is a kind of communication that can be understood by listeners or speakers and expresses the purpose of communicateing with others.
Furthermore, it cannot be denied that language is a system whose survival is inextricably linked to human civilization. Language does not follow a single pattern; instead, different languages convey culture following the agreement of each social group. The languages utilized are influenced by the civilizations of English and Indonesian. Many texts in English are also translated into Indonesian.
One of the most efficient ways to assist them in understanding it is through translation;
English is a worldwide dialect that is used to communicate all over the world. As a result, everybody who needs information must be able to communicate in English. As a result, the majority of people are required to study English. Students in this country must learn English as a foreign language in schools, and English may find it challenging to engage pupils in the language process when they use the identical words and messages in another language. One of the reasons they must master English is because it is an international language that will assist them in communicating with others and translating.
The ttranslation is the process of transferring the message written in the
source language into the target language. In our life, translating skills cannot be separated considering the use of foreign languages has increased, and many benefits in everyday life. Mastering translation skills can help us with a variety of tasks, involving the creation of translation works that bridge communication and meaning barriers between audiences speaking the source and destination languages from a variety of sources, including commercials, instruction books, journals, magazines, textbooks, newspapers, poems, and novels written in a communication tool used to connect with and attract readers' interest. Therefore, a translation must be able to convey the message in the source text. Short stories, novels, poems, biographies, cartoons, and other literary works are translated from other languages into Indonesian or vice versa, primarily into English. However, translating text is not as easy as people think, and cannot be done without good judgment. Foreign language. The translation is critical in worldwide communication. It entails at least two languages the translation's meaning is dependent on both the target and source languages as well as its context. A translator must be completely familiar with the section of the translation in interpreting the meaning of a term. To acquire a decent translation outcome, a translation should be written in such a way that it is simpler for us to comprehend its meaning, and the person who reads it will receive the correct information.
According to the previous explanations, a translation is a target text created due to the translator's understanding of the source material. A competent translation not only conveys the meaning but also selects the words and expression style. The translator should be fluent in both languages, mainly when translating classic literature. The high interaction between people from different cultural
backgrounds and nationalities makes the existence of an accurate and precise translation even more critical. In principle, translation is not just the translation of a text.
In this era, most students prefer to watch films, especially foreign films.
The writer wants to know how students translate the script of the film and analyze the types of methods that will be applied by each student. So, the writer chooses Aku Penggerak Mimpi’s Film as the source to search for the text that will be translated by students. Abdul Hasan (2000) stated that: “Translation allows individuals to communicate ideas and equipment that are essential in our everyday lives. As a result, we need proficient translators who can faithfully reproduce works of art in translation and ensure that the intended effect is achieved without distortion.
The development of information and communication technology is a highly essential component in all facets of human life in this period of the industrial revolution 4.0. Essentially, technology may aid human tasks by providing convenience. Today's demand for information and communication technology necessitates user development. This may be found in many parts of human existence, no matter where they are. Nowadays, there is a different way of translating text in the translation sector. It's because machine translation can assist Translators quickly translating the content. (Sipayung, 2021) stated: Translation tools can help people from different countries with different languages. It’s a bridge for them to get the meaning. Most people use various applications and web services to translate one language to another language. These tools can help other people to conduct their jobs through translation. The translation is categorized as a translation draft. It means the human touch is needed for better translation.
Machine translation (MT) refers to automatic translation and is a branch of artificial intelligence. Computer software known as a machine translation program translates text or speech from one natural language into another (According to Hutchins, W. J. (1995). The objective of Machine Translation is to design a system that can translate text from one language into another and express the same meaning as the original. The advantage of machine translation is that it can quickly solve enormous amounts of material. By summarizing the source sentence and providing its importance in the target language, machine translation takes a source sentence as input and produces a target sentence. Machine translation refers to software that is completely automated and can translate source text into destination languages. Humans can guse machine translation to help them transform text and speech into another language, or the program may work without human intervention. Machine translators enable individuals to accomplish their translation tasks more efficiently and quickly. Although machine translation can assist individuals in completing translations more quickly, people cannot rely entirely on the results of a machine translation.
The location of the study is SMA Swasta GKPI Padang Bulan Medan. The reason the writer chose this location is that the background of the teachers there are friendly and not discriminate from which university the students will conduct research at the school and the polite students who were the research objectives.
Besides that, I also believe and understand the location, and I hope that the result of my research will provide a solution this problem.
The writer chose the film Aku Penggerak Mimpi because this film is because this film depicts the struggle of a student in reaching his dream. as the
younger generation of students can use this film to motivate themselves to be successful, this film contains many moral messages. other than, this film is 17 minutes long which of course, will not make students bored when this film is shown while the writer is doing research. The reason the writer discusses translation is that the writer sees that we must first understand the way of translating that will be explained so that it will be simpler for us to grasp English.
When the translator writes of the form language, the translator refers to actual words, phrases, clauses, sentences, paragraphs, and so on.
Table 1.1 Preliminary Research of The Translation Method without the help of Machine Translation on Aku Penggerak Mimpi’s Film Translated by
Student at SMA Swasta GKPI Padang Bulan Medan.
No. Initial of Students
Source Language (Indonesia)
Target Language
(English)
Types of Translation
Method
1. UH Dia tidak bisa
melampiaskan dengan menangis.
She certainly would not cry.
Free Translation
2. MS Dinda enggak mau
memakai barang curian.
Dinda doesn't want to use stealing things.
Word-for-word Translation
3.
IM Angin menyibak dari depan.
From in front, the wind was
blowing.
Semantic Translation.
4. SS Mereka akan
menuju hotel tempat penampungan.
They would stay a night provided hotel in Jakarta
Communicative Translation
From the data above, as the result of Students’ translating without using a
translation machine. They showed some types of translation methods. We can see, in data 1, it is the translation of the verb phrase above includes the free translation method. Since the target language is longer than the source language, it shows the source language is not transferred completely to the target language. It is proven by would not is translated into tak bisa, the cry is translated into melampiaskan Dengan menangis. The second sentence, explained how Dinda showed her expression to use something. In the example in the second sentence above, the verb phrase wish to translated using the word-for-word translation method, where the word doesn't want, still has the same meaning as the source language before, and also, the grammatically does not change at all. In Indonesian translation, the word “don’t want” has the meaning “nggak mau” and when it is translated, it becomes "don't want.” In the other number, the sentence showed the types of translation methods, namely semantic translation. The text above shows that IM felt sore. Not because she could not take another ride anymore. But for thinking that her friend was still waiting. In the data above, the sentences and the verb phrase blowing were translated using the semantic translation method in the way to solve it. And also, it was more flexible to the target language. The last data is decrypted by using the Communicative translation method. It is because the translator translated the source language text into the target language and focuses on contextual meaning so that the content and message from the source language are understandable in the target language. The evidence is verb phrase would stay in the verb phrase.
The translator added a night at provided to complete sentences of the target language. Thus, belongs to communicative translation. From the
preliminary research above, the students applied four types of translation methods in their translation without using a translation machine, even though there are eight types of translation methods proposed by Newmark Peter (1988). Because the writer cannot find all of the categories of translation methods, the writer is curious to analyze it more deeply with the different objects. The writer wants to make it more specific by analyzing the translation method that is used by students after translating the transcript of the film and using the translation method. So, after examining the translation method that used students without using machine translation, now the writer will analyze the study entitled “The Translation Method with The Help of Machine Translation on Aku Penggerak Mimpi’s Film Translated by Students at SMA Swasta GKPI Padang Bulan Medan.”
The Problems of the Study
Based on the background above, the writer concludes the problem as follows:
1. What are the dominant types of translation methods used by students in the Translation method with the help of machine translation on Aku Penggerak Mimpi’s film at SMA Swasta GKPI Padang Bulan Medan?
2. What are the difficulties found by students in translating Aku Pengerak Mimpi’s Film by using Machine Translation?
1.3 The Objectives of Study The objectives of the study are:
1. To Analyse how the translation method used by students in translating the Aku Penggerak Mimpi’s Film by helping translation machines at SMA Swasta GKPI Padang Bulan Medan.
2. To identify students' difficulties in translating the summary of the film Aku Penggerak mimpi using machine translation.
The Scope of Study
The study's focus is to analyze the translation method used by students when asked to translate an English story in Aku Penggerak Mimpi’s Film into Indonesia. This study will focus on the eleventh grade of SMA Swasta GKPI Padang Bulan Medan, and the writer will take 20 students as the primary data.
The theory of translation method applies to Newmark's theory which concludes there are eight Translation methods. Namely Word-for-word translation, Literal translation, Faithful translation, Semantic translation, Adaptation translation, free translation, idiomatic translation, and Communicative translation.
The Significance of Study
This study is expected to be useful for:
1.5.1. Theoretically
1. The study’s findings can enrich and provide a reference in analyzing translation methods, in this case, in translating Aku Penggerak Mimpi’s Film.
2. This study can be new insight into the theory of the translation method and give further information to learning about translation methods.
3. Furthermore, the reader should receive more knowledge regarding the translation method from this study, according to the expectations of Aku Penggerak Mimpi’s Film.
4. The study findings can be an example for the other translator or student to follow while using the correct methods.
1.5.2. Practically
The result of this study is expected to be useful for students, English, teacher, and the next researcher. Describe as follow:
1. For students, the study can provide solutions for students to understand how to translate using the translation method through Aku penggerak Mimpi’s Film.
2. For English teachers, this study can give a piece of new information for English to make a new way of learning translation methods in translating.
3. For the next researcher, this study can be a new reference for the next researcher in analyzing more about the translation method.
Theoretical Framework
In this study, the writer uses several theories to support the implementation of this stud, and the writer used an approach of Algeo (2010:2), Abdul Hasan (2000), Newmark Peter (1988), Hutchins, W. J. (1995), and (Sipayung, 2021).
Key Terms of the Study
Key terms are essential in conducting this study so that readers do not misunderstand. So, there are several terms used in this study that must be defined and classified by the writer.
1. The translation
The ttranslation is transferring the message written in the source language into the target language. Abdul Hasan (2000) asserted that "translation facilitates the flow of ideas and knowledge essential to daily life.
2. The translation method
The process of translating from a foreign or source language (SL) into a
target language is known as a translation (TL), According to Newmark peter (1988:45).
3. Machine translation (MT)
Machine translation (MT) refers to automatic translation and is a branch of artificial intelligence. A machine translation program is a computer program that converts text or speech from one natural language to another (According Hutchins W. J. 1995).
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF LITERATURE 2.1 Translation
The translation is transferring the message written in the source language into the target language. Abdul Hasan (2000) stated that: “translation helps people to exchange ideas and equipment that cannot be dispensed with in our daily day.
International schools use bilingual Text books like Indonesian – English. Most international schools in Indonesia make bilingual textbooks the primary source in the teaching and learning process, (Sipayung, 2021)
In our life, translating skills cannot be separated considering the use of foreign languages has increased and many benefits in everyday life. Mastering translation skills can help us with a variety of tasks, including producing translation works that bridge communication and meaning gaps between the source language and target language audiences from a variety of sources, including commercials, instruction books, journals, magazines, textbooks, newspapers, poems, and novels written in a foreign language. In the case above, translators challenging to get the original meaning and lead to the next problem. This is the weakness if the writer itself becomes self-translator. It means that translators need other help to have better translation. In other words, translators need to analyze the original meaning before transferring to the target language (Sipayung et al., 2022)
The translation is essential in worldwide communication. It entails at least two languages, the source language, and the target language, with the translation meaning in the context of the translation. When a translator wishes to interpret the definition of a term, the translator must be familiar with the relevant element of the translation. To acquire a decent translation outcome, a translation should be
written in such a way that it is simpler for us to comprehend its meaning, and the person who reads it will receive the correct information. The practice or act of changing the definition of a book, word, or speech into another language, according to the Oxford English Dictionary.
There are several definitions of translation from translation specialists.
According to Newmark (1988:45), translation is the process of conveying the meaning of the Source language (SL) into the Target language (TL) as the writer intended. On the other hand, Bell (1991:12), stated translation is an abstract notion that incorporates both the process of translating and the output of translating.
According to Halai (2007), as cited in Regmi et al., (2010), that Translation is the process of converting text from one language to another so that it may be used in a socio-cultural setting. Venuti (1995:5) says that translation is a process in which the source language text's chain of signifiers is replaced by a chain of signifiers in the target language provided by the translator on the basis of an interpretation.
Bassnett (2000), as cited in Jixing (2013), states that translating a language translation is not only part of pure language activities, but also part of the way of communicating intra-culture and between cultures. Where translation focuses not only on language change but also on cross-cultural processes. The translation is the process of matching the translated text that is cracked or concentrate on meaning and style from translation, where the substitute, here gives a describes of the meaning equivalent to the report is a process of matching the translated text that is cracked or focused on meaning and style from translation. According to Newmark, the original language is used as a benchmark or guide meaning of the translation here is more to keep the text writer's intention or goal.
Based on some of the above arguments, the writer believes translation is employed to translate materials into the target language. Translation is one of the sub-skills apart from the four primary skills, and translating a language translation is not only part of pure language activities, but also part of the way of communicating intra-culture and between cultures.
2.2 The Methods of Translation
The method are a particular manner of accomplishing something. It means when we do something, we need such kind of way to help us to make a better process in doing something. A translation Method is applied to the entire text to be translated. The translation method is a technique for solving a foreign language (SL) into a target language (TL). The primary idea of this approach is mastering a taught foreign language, which may be maximum done via the practice of translation, which is the principal exercise in this method. Larson (1984:15) divides translation methods into two groups. Newmark (1988:22) adds that there are two best methods of translation, they are:
1. Communicative translation, in which the attempts to produce the same effect on the target language readers; and
2. Semantic translation, in which the translation attempts within the bare syntactic and semantic constraints of the target language, to reproduce the precise contextual meaning of the writer. From those methods above, both Newmark (1988:23) and Larson (1984:170 explain that selecting the appropriate translation methods plays an essential role in doing a good translation. It means that the TL readers read the translation text with confidence that the text they read sounds like the
original text.
The translation method describes how to plan the translation process.
There are several translation processes in use across the world. Each has a different approach and produces varied outcomes, and it is employed in the right field based on the circumstances. The translation method is a popular way of teaching foreign languages. The notion is that mastery of foreign languages based on this technique may be accomplished by translating languages taught in students' mother tongues or vice versa. Newmark explains eight methods of translation from two perspectives. The first perspective, emphasize the source language (SL) and the other on the target language (TL). Source language emphasis means that when the translator translates the text, they follow what is typical or standard in the source language such the structure, the lexis, and the culture of the source language, in contrast the target language emphasis means the translator follows the target language structure, lexis, and culture to make the readers comprehend the translation text more. Each perspective provides four methods of translation. The first perspective, provides word-for-word translation, literal, faithful, and semantic translation methods, while the second provides adaptation, accessible, conversational, and communicative translation methods.
2.2.1 Word for Word Translation
Word-for-word translation, as defined by Newmark (1988:45-46), is a translation approach that focuses on the source language and is translated word for word. When we translate word for word, the context of the meaning is lost or the target language is inaccurate, unacceptable, or the importance is so far removed from the context's meaning. This is frequently presented as interlinear translation,
with the TL words appearing directly below the SL words. The SL word order is maintained, and the world is translated individually by its most popular meanings.
Cultural terms are translated. The primary purpose of word-for-word translation is to comprehend the mechanics of the original language or to interpret a complex text as a pre-translation process." This translation Method places the target language words underneath the source language terms without regard for the target language's structure, in terms of word-for-word translation.
Example:
SL: I will go to Bandung tomorrow.
TL: Saya akan pergi ke Bandung Besok. SL: I like that smart student.
TL: Saya menyukai itu pintar siswa.
2.2.2. Literal Translation
The SL grammatical constructions are transformed to their closest TL equivalents, but the lexical terms are translated separately and out of context. This highlights the difficulties to be resolved as a pre-translation procedure. Newmark (1988:46)
Example:
SL: Look, little guy, you all shouldn’t be doing that
TL: Dengar, anak kecil kalian seharusnya tidak berbuat seperti itu.
2.2.3. Faithful Translation
The faithful translation is based on grammatical aspects, and the context is centered on the original language. Grammatically, the accurate translation is unacceptable. Concerning accurate translation, According to Newmark (1988:46), a faithful Translation seeks to recreate the original's precise contextual meaning
within the limits of the TL grammatical structures. It 'transfers' cultural terms while maintaining the degree of grammatical and lexical 'abnormality' (difference from SL standards) in the translation. It makes every effort to be entirely faithful to the SL writer's objectives and text realization. This translation method tends to be faithful to the source text, therefore its translation can be clumsy and strange.
Example:
SL: Ben is too well aware that he is naughty.
TL: Ben menyadari terlalu baik bahwa ia nakal 2.2.4. Semantic Translation
The only way semantic translation differs from faithful translation is that it must take into account the text's aesthetic value (that is, its beautiful and natural sound). It may translate less essential cultural words by a culturally neutral third or functional terms rather than cultural analogs, sacrificing 'meaning' when appropriate so that no assonance, word-play, or repetition jars in the final version.
Newmark 1988:46 Example:
SL: He is a bookworm.
TL: Dia (laki-laki) adalah seorang yang suka sekali membaca 2.2.5. Adaptation Translation
Adaptation is the most liberated type of translation. It is also the most similar to the target language. concerning to this method, Newmark 91988:46) states: This is the most free translation. It is also the most accurate translation of the original or SL text. Themes, characters, and narratives are frequently kept in this translation, employed in plays and poems. The text was also revised once the
SL culture was transferred to the TL culture. His logic is given importance in erudition, but examples do not appear.
Example:
SL: Let’s fun with them
TL: Ayo kita main dengan mereka.
SL: Remember to let her into your heart, then you can start to make it better.
TL: Ingat-ingatlah kau padaku. Janji setiamu takkan ku lupa.
2.2.6. Free translation
The structure of the source language has no bearing on free translation. A translator can communicate the meaning of a source language their manner while using this form of translation. When it comes to this method, "Free translation reproduces the subject without the way or the content without the shape of the original," states Newmark (1988:46). It is usually a paraphrase that is much lengthier than the original, a so-called "Intralingual translation," which is sometimes lengthy and pretentious and not a translation at all."
Example:
SL: The flowers in the garden
LT: Bunga-bunga yang tumbuh dikebun 2.2.7 Idiomatic Translation
The idiomatic translation is an interpretation that provides a message from the source but changes the intricacies of meaning by using colloquial language and idioms that are typically shown in the original. Newmark (1988:46).
Example:
SL: mari minum bir sama-sama, saya yang bayar TL: I’II shout you a beer,
SL: you’re cherry mood TL: Kamu kelihatan ceria.
2.2.8 Communicative Translation
Communicative translation includes not only translating to TL's suitable structure, but also transferring to TL's flexible and attractive impact. If Newmark is accurate, communicative translation "attempts to communicate to the readers this same contextual meaning of the source in a manner that both contents and readily acceptable and intelligible to the readership." (1988:47). The translation attempts to offer the precise meaning of the original material while taking into account TL readers' age, class, gender, and education, so that the translation output may communicate the meaning or message of the language specification communicatively.
Example:
SL: Beware of the dog!
TL: Awas anjing galak
Newmark classified the eight approaches discussed above into two types of orientation translation methods. The first translation methods are highlighted in the SL text. Second, the TL text emphasizes translation methods.
If we return to the translation methods discussed above, not all of them are appropriate for translating text subtitles, because the translator must be Creative and innovative to provide a communicating concept and fascinating communication. As a result, it may persuade spectators to like the film. Therefore, communicative translation is the best approach for this material because it is the closest to the target language.
Based on the explanation above, the translation process involves turning the target
language (TL) into the foreign language (SL). The primary premise of this approach is mastering a taught foreign language, which may be done to the greatest extent possible via the practice of this translation is the major exercise in this method. Newmark (1988) discusses eight translation procedures from two perspectives. The first viewpoint offers word-for-word translation, literal, faithful, and semantic translation techniques, whereas the second viewpoint offers adaptation, free, idiomatic, and communicative translation methods.
2.3 Machine translation
Machine translation of natural language, initially imagined in the seventeenth century, has become a reality in the late twentieth century (Hutchins, W.Johns,2015,p.431-445). Besides, Machine translation is a scientific subject that includes using computer systems to translate several texts or languages into another (ping, 2009). The history of machine translation is then traced back to the innovators and early machines of the 1950s and 1960s. However, machine translation has already been studied since the 1950s. For many language combinations, the text created by the cutting-edge Machine translation system usually contains several mistakes.
Machine translation (MT) refers to automatic translation and is a branch of artificial intelligence. A machine translation program is a computer program that converts text or speech from one natural language to another. The purpose of Machine Translation is to develop a system that can translate text from one language into another one while retaining the original's meaning. The advantage of machine translation is that it can quickly solve enormous amounts of material.
Machine translation takes a source sentence and creates a target sentence by
rephrasing it and explaining its meaning in the target language. Machine translation can accelerate translation with quick results. Even though a machine translation system produces the best translation for some sentences, this does not imply that the entire product of translation is accurate. Therefore, before releasing the translation result, it must be assessed and evaluated. However, there is no objective criterion of translation quality, simply translations that are more or less acceptable for the purpose for which they are meant (sager, 1989). Furthermore, translation accuracy is critical to reduce translation problems.
According to Sinhal and Gupta (2014), the need for machine translation can be summarized as follows: there is too much to translate, humans are bored, terminology must be used regularly, speed and throughput must be increased, top quality translation is not always required, and cost must be reduced. It is widely acknowledged that machine translation is the simplest and most straightforward method of translating another language into the language desired by people.
Machine translation does not require a site and is well recognized by the majority of the world’s most significant internet users. Machine translation provides a rapid and thorough comprehension of material. Machine translation delivers the ideal mix of speedy and cost-effective translations if the computer is appropriately trained to your demands. Machine Translation can capture the meaning of whole phrases before translating them using a properly trained computer, resulting in high-quality and human-sounding output. The structure of the text is preserved by our machine translation technique, and the translation is provided relatively instantly.
The process of mechanically translating text from one language (the
source) to another (the target) without human intervention is known as machine translation (MT). The translator machine is a language translator program in which the translation process is carried out automatically by a machine (computer), and the results are immediately provided to the user. The alternative of using a translator machine is usually selected since it is faster and more practical in translating text, inversely proportionate to human translation, which takes a long time. Although skilled human translators will generate more accurate and detailed translations in the same scenarios, computer translators may be used in other cases. Furthermore, the findings of machine translation aren't always utilized precisely as they were, but instead were altered again by humans. As a result, highly skilled human translators employ a translator machine to expedite the translation process. Currently, there are several types of Machine Translation, which are commonly encountered Statistical Machine Translator (SMT), Rule- Based Machine Translator (RBTM), Hybrid Machine Translator (HMT), and Neural Machine Translation (NMT).
Based on the above description, the writer states that Machine Translation is an automatic translation, and it is a branch of artificial intelligence. A machine translation application is a computer program that converts text from one human language to the other. The objective of Machine Translation is to develop a system that can translate text from one language into another while retaining the original's meaning. The advantage of machine translation is that it can quickly solve enormous amounts of material.
2.3.1. The Tools of Machine Translation 1. Google Translate
According to Turovsky (2016)'s Google Translate blog, Google Translate (GT) is an online machine translation service created by Google Inc. in 2006. In 2006Google Translate currently supports two languages, but more are added and updated depending on user demand. According to Medvedev (2016), Google Translate is free, includes a choice of languages for outputs and inputs, supports voice recognition, and can translate full websites and documents by uploading them. According to Kharbach (2016), Google Translate functions include pronouncing the translated word, translating text from pictures or photos, translating with voice, translating with handwriting, translating the entire document, and preserving the translation in a phrasebook. According to Kroulek (2016), Google Translate is the most used machine translation technology worldwide due to its features. That assertion is corroborated by Henry's (2014) vote results, which named Google Translate the winner of the best languages Machine Translation.
The Translation History function in Google Translate maintains track of all your translation activities in the Translator, Pop-up Bubble, Inline Translator, or Web Translation. It retains translation records in the Translation History until you delete them manually. Google Translate is a free online machine translation service that supports 80 languages globally.
Google translate is adequate for understanding or knowing the definition of the phrase and sentence. Based on the description provided above, the writer determined that the Google Translate transcribe can operate in conjunction with the Graphics Processor Unit (TPU) gadget. In other words, Google Convert uses application machines to quickly translate text from the source language to the
destination text.
2. Bing Microsoft Translate
Microsoft Translator is a cloud-based multilingual machine translation service offered by Microsoft. Bing, Microsoft Office, SharePoint, Microsoft Edge, Microsoft Lync, Yammer, Skype Translator, Visual Studio, Internet Explorer, and Microsoft Translator applications for Windows, Windows Phone, iPhone, and Apple Watch, as well as Android phone and Android Wear, are all integrated with Microsoft Translator.
Microsoft Translator also provides text and audio translation services for companies via cloud services. From a free tier that supports two million characters per month to premium tiers that enable billions of characters per month, the Translator Text API offers text translation services. The timing of the audio stream is used to provide speech translation via Microsoft Speech services. As of May 2020, the service supports 73 linguistic systems. Additionally, it supports 11 speech translation systems now used by Skype Translator, Microsoft Translator's live chat feature, Skype for Windows Desktop, and the iOS and Android applications for Microsoft Translator. The researcher concluded that this application machine is one of the devices that might help users translate text from the source text to the target text cloud service provided by Microsoft based on the description given above.
3. U-Dictionary
U-Dictionary is an app that immediately translates English into 38 languages.
You may use the dictionaries, but if you are not connected to the internet after downloading the offline package. This app's innovative Optical Character
Recognition (OCR) technology allows you to simply click a sentence from your smartphone and instantly receive a translation in the selected language. You may copy any word or sentence while surfing, texting, or reading the papers to obtain its meaning instantly. The Quick Translate function allows you to get the meaning of the words in the notification bar without launching U- Dictionary. English (US) and English (UK) accents are also available for speech. An excellent tool for quickly translating words and phrases.
U-Dictionary - This is one of the best dictionary applications on Android.
You can translate enough by pointing the camera at words. Another intriguing feature is that this program may be used without access to the internet. The primary goal of utilizing U-Dictionary is to learn: We can easily make to understand various kinds of vocab with Features that are available in this application.
1. Make easily to translate vocab or in a sentence.
2. Helping for English Learning.
4. Babylon Translator
Babylon has 1,700 glossaries and dictionaries in various languages. This translation site has been around for 19 years and is claimed to be able to provide accurate results in terms of thesaurus or dictionary. Unlike other translation software, Babylon translates documents in the form of MS Office without losing the original format and can also text without losing the original structure. Babylon lets you translate over 77 languages, including English and Dutch.
5. Linguee DeepL Translator
Linguee is a web-based service launched in 2009, which allows you to
translate single words or sentences instead of paragraphs and supports more than 25 dialects. Similar to other language translators, you can also use it offline. This software only supports 28 languages that can translate text.
2.4 Difficulties in Translation
Nida and Taber (1982) said that many factors are crucial to the process of translating, and no explanation of translating can claim to be comprehensive if these factors are not systematically considered. Translation is a complex process, involving linguistic and nonlinguistic factors.
a. Linguistic Factors
Linguistic factors exert a direct and crucial influence on the process of translation. Each the linguistic factor, lexical, syntactic, and textual, can interfere with translation. It can safely be assumed that difficulties. Other problems, include the sheer size of the undertaking, as indicated by the number of rules and dictionary entries that a realistic system will need, and the fact that there are many construction whose grammar is poorly understood, in the sense that it is not clear how they should be represented, or what rules should be used to describe the meaning in the translation process.
b. Non - Linguistic factors
Non- linguistic factors involve knowledge of ideology, cultural, historical, political-social, chemistry, science, technical, biology, medical, agricultural, and economics. Translating work to bridge the cultural gap between two worlds and make communication possible between different linguistic communities.
There are linguistic and non - linguistic problems in translation. Those problems appear because there are differences between language and cultural. The
English is attentive to the linguistic genre he and she. Both in Bahasa Indonesia have the same meaning of dia.‟ According to Burdah, the nonlinguistic problem involves social politic, culture, history, and ideology. There are four general categories of students` difficulties in translation, they are:
a. Difficult to understand the meaning of words that are not found in dictionary.
b. Difficult to translate the idiomatic phrases and collide with culture.
c. Difficult to translate the long and complex sentences.
d. Difficult to arrange the text in the target language.
Based on the theory about difficulties above, it is said that there are two linguistic factors, but in this study the author only focuses on analyzing students' difficulties in translating from linguistic factors.
2.5 Aku Penggerak Mimpi’s Film
According to Wibowo (in Rizal, 2014), Film may be viewed as a vehicle of artistic expression for artists and filmmakers to communicate thoughts and concepts abouthis tale. Furthermore, according to Law No. 33 of 2009 regulating the film industry, the film is a work of cultural art that is a social institution and mass communication medium established based on cinematographic laws and can be displayed with or without sound. This year, the high school directorate again presents a short film titled "Aku Penggerak mimpi Part 2", which is in line with the name of education. After all, the school and the dreams of students in Indonesia come first. Therefore, all of us, students, parents, teachers, and others, must prioritize education and must not allow children dropping out of school to be the cause of the problem that occurs.
Aku Penggrak Mimpi's Film. This film is perfect for young people to watch today, especially for those still in school. This film is very inspiring and provides a profound moral Message that students should not give up on circumstances that do not support us to achieve our dreams. And we as children must be able to convince our parents and provide a good understanding that what we dream or aspire to is good for our future. So that parents can support our every desire in achieving our dreams. This film motivates and inspires, rich in moral messages that can be learned in it, life is allowed within limitations, but we must not limit our dreams. Don't give up, make the support and prayers of those around you a "Aku Penggerak Minpi" also, keep it up with effort. Achieve the dreams we want for a happy future.
In this study, the writer applies the Newmark theory to assess the process used of translating the subtitle for the movie "Aku Penggerak Mimpi." According to Newmark (1988:45), there are eight ways to adjust: 1) Word-for-word translation
2) Literal translation, 3) Faithful translation, 4) Semantic translation, 5) Adaptation translation. 6), Idiomatic translation 7), Free translation, and 8) Communicative translation
Based on the information provided above, the writer concludes that Aku Penggerak Mimpi’s Film is perfect for young people to watch today, especially for those still in school. This film is very inspiring and provides a profound Message that students should not give up on circumstances that do not support us in achieving our dreams.
2.6 Previous the Study
Some previous studies have been conducted to analyze the translation Method used and students' difficulties in translating the source text. Some of the following findings are:
The first research which is related to this study is a paper that was conducted by (Ramlan et al., 2017) on students' label-product translation techniques. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the translation techniques used by students in the eighth semester English Department at IAIN Sultan Amai Gorontalo and to identify the predominant technique employed in translating label products. These techniques should be the basis for grading and instruction in English courses. Worksheets and other student documentation were engaged in this study's qualitative data collection strategy. The researcher reads, categorizes, explains, and draws a conclusion as part of the process for data analysis. Word-for-word translation, literal translation, faithful translation, semantic translation, adaptation translation, free translation, idiomatic translation, communicative translation, pragmatic translation, dynamic translation, esthetic- poetic translation, and linguistic translation are among the classifications of translation methods proposed by Newmark (1988). According to the research, word-for-word translation takes up 13 sentences, literal translation takes up 24, free translation takes up 29, pragmatic translation takes up 6, and idiomatic translation takes up 5 phrases when students translate product labels. Thus, the free translation by 29 words is the most common technique in student translation.
The differences between this research and the writer's study may be found in the object, which is translating label product, whereas the writer's object is a short film. The similarity is in the theory that will be used by the writer, which
Newmark has proposed (1988). The writer chooses this study as the reference in writer this study because of the similarity found before.
The second researcher, the translation Method Used by The Translator in Translating Zootopia Film Subtitles into Indonesian, is connected to the study. By Giorgiyus Petrus (2019). The goal of this study is to ascertain the method of translation employed by translators when translating the subtitles for the fictional movie Zootopia, which is set in the world of contemporary animals. The theory of translation technique developed by Peter Newmark and the notion of translational equivalency developed by Eugene Nida and Taber are both used in this study. The study's findings demonstrate the various translation techniques and justifications employed by translators, including communicative translation (15 times), literal translation (7 times), word-for-word translation (5 times), semantic translation (4 times), faithful translation (2 times), idiomatic translation (1 time), free translation (1 time), and equivalence in translation from the point of interest (15 times).The differences are found in the problems, the aims, and the machine translation.
Besides that, the similarity found in the theory that was applied. The reason for choosing this research as a reference is because the writer thinks this research can support the writer in understanding the types of translation methods.
The third research which is related to this study is a journal article which was conducted by (Shabitah & Hartono, 2020) With titled "The Use Of Newmark's Translation Methods in Translating Forman's Novel "I Was Here"
From English into Indonesian" The goals of this study were to determine and describe how Gayle Forman's book I Was Here was translated from English into Indonesian using Newmark's translation techniques. This investigation used a
qualitative methodology. The results of this study revealed that seven of the eight translation techniques suggested by Newmark were utilized. The translation techniques included word-for-word translation, literal translation, faithful translation, semantic translation, adaptation translation, free translation, idiomatic translation, and communicative translation. The translator aimed to ensure that the substance and language of the translated text were acceptable and intelligible for the target language (Indonesian) readers, as seen by the frequency with which the free translation approach was utilized to translate conversation phrases from the novel. The differences are mentioned from the object. Furthermore, the similarity is in the theory of translation method applied in this study. The reason for choosing this research is because one of the findings in this research explains the same problem as the writer's study. After all, the writer thinks this research will help the writer to solve the problem of this study that's why the writer makes this one as the reference.
The fourth research which is related to this study is conducted by (Fahruri,2022) "The Analysis of Translation Methods Used in Translating a Poem" to discover the translation methods used, the most common translation methods used, and the difficulties faced in translating a poem by the student. The descriptive qualitative approach was used as the research methodology. The study population consisted of 15 students enrolled in the sixth semester of English education at UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. The participants were selected by using the purposive sampling technique. Meanwhile, the data were gained through tests and interviews. The findings of this study revealed that the sixth-semester English education students at UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta utilized six
different approaches to translating a poem. The methods are as follows: literal translation (62.5%), blank verse translation (14.2%), metrical translation (9.2%), phonemic translation (0.8%), rhymed translation (2.5%), and interpretation which is divided into two ways those are version way (9.2%) and imitation way (1.6%).
Furthermore, it was found that 225 lines are indicated as the literal translation method out of 360 lines, this method was the most used method, with a total percentage of 62.5%. While the lowest number of translation methods used by the student is the phonemic translation method, it is only 3 lines out of 360 lines with a total percentage of 0.8%. Meanwhile, there are 6 types of difficulties faced by the student. Those are difficulties in understanding diction, idiomatic phrases, speech, neologism, semantic gaps, and figures of speech. Moreover, the factors that influence students' challenges in translating literary texts were lack of experience in translating literary works, unfamiliar vocabulary because it is rarely found in everyday life, and other linguistic factors contained in literary works.
The differences are about the object, which is in this research used a poem, and the writer's object is the short film. On the other hand, the similarity is in theory used in this research. Even using the different things but this research can give new information and add the reference to the writer that help to support the information for writing this study.
The five research, Andrey Pratama Putra (2019), purpose of this research is to find out the kinds of subtitling methods used by the translator, in the movie TROLLS.
The study employs Newmark’s theory of translation methods (1988) to analyze the subtitling methods used in the TROLLS movie. There are seven of eight subtitling methods applied in the subtitle of TROLLS movie; the translation methods that are oriented to the source language, namely word by-word translation method, literal
translation method, precise translation method, semantic translation method, while translation methods that are introduced to the target language namely free translation method, idiomatic translation method, and the communicative translation method. In this research, the translation methods which frequently occur are communicative translation method, faithful translation method is the least common method, and the adaptation translation method is not used in translating the subtitles of the movie. There are 65 items of 126 samples that used translation methods that are introduced to the source language, and 61 articles of 126 pieces used translation methods that are introduced to the target language. The result shows that the translation of the subtitle in the movie of Trolls is used more widely the translation methods that are oriented to the source language. It can be drawn that the translation of the subtitle in the movie of Trolls refers to the foreignisation. Furthermore, the analysis will also help the translator encode the message into subtitles tactically due to various technical matters in subtitling, such as maximum length of a subtitle and its screen duration.
The last research, Fitria Situmorang (2019) An Analysis of Translation Method in Folklore "The Farmer and The Fish". This study aims to identify, characterize, and determine the most prevalent types of translation processes employed in translating the folktale "the farmer and the fish." Word for word translation, literal translation, faithful translation, semantic translation, adaptation translation, free translation, idiomatic translation, and communicative translation were among the translation techniques used by Newmark (1988) to examine the data. This study used descriptive qualitative methods. Each sentence that was translated from English into Indonesian (the Target Language/TL) contained the data. Finally, the writer discovered that 1) "The farmer and the fish" legend included all possible translation techniques. Word-for-word translation (2%) is the
semantic translation (13%), free translation (17%), idiomatic translation (9%), and communicative translation (45 percent). The translator tries to make the content and language of the translated text acceptable and intelligible for the target language (Indonesian) readers, as seen by the frequent usage of the Communicative Translation technique (45 percent) in translating conversation phrases from folklore. the differences are also about the use of machine translation, and the similarity is also used in the same theory. This research gives new information about the use of the translation method from the same perspective, so it will be a good reference for the writer in writing this study.
Those studies discussed above are on translation methods, so they will contribute to this study about the types of translation methods. According to Newmark (1988) there are eight types of translation methods namely word-for- word translation method, literal translation method, faithful translation method, semantic translation method, free translation method, idiomatic translation method, and communicative translation method.
2.7 The Conceptual Framework
Language is a kind of communication that can be understood by listeners or speakers and expresses the purpose to communicate with others. Furthermore, it cannot be denied that language is a system whose survival is inextricably linked to that of human civilization. There are many different languages that portray culture according to the agreement of each social group, rather than language being based on a single pattern. The languages utilized are influenced by the cultures of Indonesia and English. Indonesian translations of several English- language works are available. Translation is one of the most effective approaches
to help people grasp it.
Translation is the process of transferring the message written in the source language into the target language. In our life, translating skills cannot be separated considering the use of foreign languages has increased and it has many benefits in everyday life. Mastering translation skills can help us with a variety of tasks, creating translations from a range of sources, such as advertisements, instruction manuals, journals, magazines, textbooks, newspapers, poetry, and novels written in other Languages. That bridge the communication and meaning gaps between the source language and target language audiences. Global communication relies heavily on translation.
In the late 20th century, the translation of natural language by machine translation—first imagined in the seventeenth century—became a reality (Hutchins, W.Johns,2015,p.431-445). In addition, machine translation (MT) is a scientific field that uses computer systems to translate documents from one language into another (ping,2009). Following that, the pioneers and early systems of the 1950s and 1960s are used to track the history of machine translation.
Despite the fact that studies on machine translation have existed since the 1950s.
For many language pairings, the text produced by the most advanced MT system still contains a number of mistakes. . The technique of mechanically translating text from one language (the source) to another (the target) without any human input is known as machine translation (MT). The translator machine is a language translator software whose translation process is carried out by the machine (computer) automatically and the results can be directly presented to the user.
According to Peter Newmark's view, a translator employs 8 different
translation techniques (1988). 1) Word-for-word translation 2) literal translation, semantic translation, 3) Faithful translation 4) Semantic Translation 5) adaptation Translation 6) Free translation 7) Idiomatic translation and 8) Communicative translation. The writer will use the theory by Newmark (1988) to analyze the translation method used in Aku Penggerak Mimpi’s Film translated into English with the help of Machine Translation and without the help of Machine translation.
Aku Penggrak Mimpi's Film. This film is perfect for young people to watch today, especially for those still in school. This film is very inspiring and provides a profound moral Message that students should not give up on circumstances that do not support us to achieve our dreams. And we as children must be able to convince our parents and provide a good understanding that what we dream or aspire to is good for our future. So that parents can support our every desire in achieving our dreams. This film motivates and inspires, rich in moral messages that can be learned in it, life is allowed within limitations but we must not limit our dreams. Don't give up, also make the support and prayers of those around you a "Aku Penggerak Mimpi" also keep it up with effort. Achieve the dreams we want for a happy future.
Source Language: An Indonesian Transcript of “Aku
Penggerak Mimpi” film.
Target Language: An English Transcript of “Aku Penggerak
Mimpi” film.
Summary
Indonesian Summary English Summary
Translation Method
1. Word for Word 2. Literal
3. Faithful 4. Semantic 5. Adaptation 6. Free
7. Idiomatic 8. Communicative
Using Machine Translation
Using without Machine Translation
The film Translation
.
CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.1 Research Design
Descriptive qualitative research applied in this study because the result would be found by the observation, identification, and analysis of translation method with the help of machine translation on Aku Penggerak Mimpi’s film translated by students and for knowing the difficulties of students, the writer used Questionnaire. Creswell, (2014: 41), Qualitative research is a method of the probe and seeing the purpose for the problem of the study. Emerging questions and procedures, data collection, data analysis, and the researcher's interpretation of the data are the process of this research. The descriptive method, which found kinds of research method namely; using the technique of searching the data, collecting the data, classifying and analyzing the data, interpreting and taking the conclusion of the data's result.
3.2 The Source of the Data
The data was taken from the transcript of the film, namely Aku Penggerak Mimpi. Besides that, the writer also used student’s translation with Machine translation. The research is do in a school, especially at SMA Swasta GKPI Padang Bulan Medan focused on class XI.
3.3 The Instrument of Collecting Data
An instrument is a tool used to gather information. According to Gay (2012:145), an agency is a tool used to collect data. As a result, the data collection instrument assisted the researcher in gathering and organizing data more
systematically and straightforwardly. Here, the instruments for collecting data would be used in this study, are audio-visual of Aku Penggerak Mimpi’s film, phone (Samsung version), in-focus, laptop, speaker, student’s translation transcript, and translation sheet.
3.4 The Techniques of Collecting Data
In collecting data, the writer used the observation and documentation method that is based on the student’s translation transcripts. Sugiyono (2015:225) has stated that engagement in the environment, direct observation, and documentation review are the primary method used by qualitative researchers to obtain information. The techniques of collecting data, the writer will take the following ways:
1. Preparing all of the things for watching the film Aku penggerak mimpi 2. Asking the students to watch the video start from the beginning until the
end of the film.
3. After watching the film, the writer would ask the students to write the summary in Indonesian.
4. Choosing a certain machine translation for translating the summary.
5. Asking them to translate from Indonesia into English with the help of machine translation.
6. The writer concluded how the translation method used by using machine translation.
7. The writer distributed questionnaires to students to find out the difficulties they faced when using machine translation.
3.5 Techniques of Analysing Data
The writer was analyzing the data using Miles and Huberman’s approach, Miles, Matthew B; Huberman (2014: 31) states that qualitative data analysis is divided into three steps. The steps are:
3.5.1 The Data Condensation
Data condensation is divided into selecting, focusing, simplifying, abstracting, and transforming data that approximates all parts of written field notes, interview transcripts, documents, and empirical materials. In this step, the writer will select the data that will find and also focusing what the writer wants to see. The data will be more substantial through consideration. Nonetheless, data condensation is not independent of the analysis. The steps in the data condensation are as follows:
1. Selecting, the writer selected the students' translation based on the machine translation that is used by students.
2. Focusing, on this stage, the writer focused on the students’ translation.
3. Simplifying, in this step, the writer divided the students' translation based on the translation method used.
4. Abstracting, in this process, the data is evaluated based on the theory used by the writer.
5. Transforming, this the last step in the data condensation wherein this step the writer analyzes every student's translation.
3.5.2 Data Display
The second step is called a data display. In this step, the writer can tabulate the data, where the data had been selected and focused on in the first step, and before concluding, the tabulating would help the writer to complete.
3.5.3 The Drawing and Verifying Conclusion
The last step of analyzing qualitative data had known as the conclusion of the data. Starting from the first step until the previous step, it is used to describe all of the data so it would come clear. The conclusion could be able to answer the formulation of the problem that was formulated from the beginning.
